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1.
贺学勤  刘庆昌  翟红  王玉萍 《作物学报》2005,31(10):1300-1304
用RAPD、ISSR和AFLP标记对系谱关系明确的7个甘薯品种进行了亲缘关系分析。24个RAPD引物、14个ISSR引物和9对AFLP引物分别扩增出173、174和168条多态性带。3种分子标记在检测甘薯品种间遗传差异上相关程度高，其中RAPD与ISSR之间的相关系数最大为0.9328。用ISSR标记估计的品种间遗传距离为0.1286~1.0932，平均0.4883，大于其余2个标记的估计值。3种分子标记皆可揭示甘薯品种的亲缘关系，其中ISSR标记产生的聚类图与系谱图最吻合，认为ISSR标记更适于分析甘薯品种的亲缘关系。  相似文献   

2.
This paper describes the relative efficiency of three marker systems, RAPD, ISSR, and AFLP, in terms of fingerprinting 14 rice genotypes consisting of seven temperatejaponica rice cultivars, three indica near-isogenic lines, three indica introgression lines, and one breeding line of japonica type adapted to high-altitude areas of the tropics with cold tolerance genes. Fourteen RAPD, 21 ISSR, and 8 AFLP primers could produce 970 loci, with the highest average number of loci (92.5) generated by AFLP. Although polymorphic bands in the genotypes were detected by all marker assays, the AFLP assay discriminated the genotypes effectively with a robust discriminating power (0.99), followed by ISSR (0.76) and RAPD (0.61). While significant polymorphism was detected among the genotypes of japonica and indica through analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), relatively low polymorphism was detected within the genotypes of japonica rice cultivars. The correlation coefficients of similarity were significant for the three marker systems used, but only the AFLP assay effectively differentiated all tested rice lines. Fingerprinting of backcross-derived resistant progenies using ISSR and AFLP markers easily detected progenies having a maximum rate of recovery for the recurrent parent genome and suggested that our fingerprinting approach adopting the ‘undefined-element-amplifying’ DNA marker system is suitable for incorporating useful alleles from the indica donor genome into the genome of temperate japonica rice cultivars with the least impact of deleterious linkage drag.  相似文献   

3.
S. D. Basha  M. Sujatha 《Euphytica》2007,156(3):375-386
Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) is an oil-bearing species with multiple uses and considerable potential as a bioenergy crop. The present investigation has been undertaken to assess the extent of genetic diversity in a representative set of 42 accessions of J. curcas encompassing different crop growing regions in India along with a non-toxic genotype from Mexico as a prelude for utilization of promising and genetically divergent materials in the breeding programmes. Molecular polymorphism was 42.0% with 400 RAPD primers and 33.5% with 100 ISSR primers between accessions indicating modest levels of genetic variation in the Indian germplasm. The within-population variation based on RAPD polymorphism was 64.0% and was on par with the inter-population variation. Polymorphic ISSR markers have been identified that could differentiate the Indian accessions from the Mexican genotype and two of them were converted to SCAR markers. The SCAR primer pair ISPJ1 amplified a 543 bp fragment in all the Indian populations, while ISPJ2 with a specific amplicon of 1,096 bp was specific to the Mexican genotype. Population-specific bands have been identified for the accession from Kerala (2 RAPD markers), Neemuch-1 from Rajasthan (1 each of RAPD and ISSR markers) and the non-toxic genotype from Mexico (17 RAPD and 4 ISSR markers), which serve as diagnostic markers in genotyping. The study indicates an immediate need for widening the genetic base of J. curcas germplasm through introduction of accessions with broader geographical background.  相似文献   

4.
8份剑麻种质亲缘关系的ISSR和RAPD分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了揭示剑麻栽培品种的遗传多样性,利用ISSR和RAPD分子标记技术对8份剑麻种质的亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明,筛选后选用的8条ISSR引物和8条RAPD引物,分别产生了53条和66条扩增条带,其中多态性条带分别为44条和61条,多态性条带百分率分别为83.02%和92.42%。根据2种标记的扩增结果,用UPGMA法对8份剑麻种质进行聚类分析,供试材料之间具有较高的遗传多样性,其品种间遗传相似系数分别为0.59~0.80和0.52~0.76。2个标记的聚类结果基本一致,但有点差异,可将供试的8份剑麻种质划分为2类群,而且2个标记聚类结果呈显著相关性,相关系数为0.70。可见,剑麻种质资源的遗传多样性丰富。  相似文献   

5.
利用基因组DNA的RAPD、ISSR与SRAP等3种分子标记技术,以日本芜菁品种作为外类群,对来自于温州不同地区具有代表性的10个盘菜品种进行品种鉴定与遗传多样性分析。10个RAPD引物共产生多态性条带70条,多态率为71．7％;12个ISSR引物共产生142条清晰带,其中多态性条带70条,多态率为49．3％;8个SRAP引物组合共产生105条谱带,其中多态性谱带78条,多态性比率为74．3％,表明品种间存在较高的多态性。用单个引物NAURP299、NAUISR43以及SRAP引物组合mel／em2,都可以将11个品种完全区分开来。基于3种标记的聚类分析结果表明,11个材料可以分为3大类,一定程度上能够揭示品种之间园艺学性状的相似性及亲缘关系远近。  相似文献   

6.
Estimates of genetic diversity can be based on different types of data. The aim of this research were to study genetic diversity among Croatian wheat cultivars by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, morphological traits and pedigree records; to analyse differences between wheat cultivars from two breeding centres; and to evaluate usability of RAPD markers for estimation of genetic diversity among wheat cultivars in comparison with morphological traits and pedigree record data. Studies were conducted on 14 wheat cultivars and breeding lines from two breeding centres in Croatia. For the RAPD analysis 36 primers were screened and the 14 most polymorphic ones yielded 341 polymorphic bands. Twelve morphological traits were used for morphological analysis. Pedigrees were composed of seven generations of ancestors. RAPD markers showed a high level of polymorphism among the cultivars examined and the breeding lines. No significant correlations were observed among the methods tested.  相似文献   

7.
利用RAPD和ISSR标记分析苎麻野生种质资源的遗传多样性   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
本文以8个地方栽培品种为参照,应用RAPD和ISSR标记从DNA水平分析了来自于不同生态区域的30份苎麻野生种质的遗传背景.在31条RAPD引物中,共扩增出358个条带,平均产率为11.5条带/条引物;而在18对ISSR引物共扩增出266个条带,平均产率为14.8条带/条引物.用NTSYs 2.0软件进行UPGMA法聚类.聚类分析结果表明:在0.73的相似系数水平上,均可将38份材料分成8大类群,对两种标记的比较和混合分析得出:RAPD和ISSR标记适用于苎麻野生材料的遗传多样性分析,但ISSR比RAPD标记更适合苎麻野生种质资源亲缘关系分析.这为我们以后的苎麻杂交育种提供了重要的依据.  相似文献   

8.
Summary Carthamus tinctorius (2n = 2x = 24) (family Asteraceae), commonly known as safflower, is widely cultivated in agricultural production systems of Asia, Europe, Australia and the Americas as a source of high-quality vegetable and industrial oil. India ranks first in the production of safflower oil. Fourteen cultivars, widely cultivated in various agro-climatic regions of India, have been fingerprinted by RAPD, ISSR, and AFLP markers utilizing 36, 21 primers, and 4 primer combinations, respectively. On an individual assay basis, AFLP has proven to be the best marker system as compared with the other two markers applied as assessed by high discriminating power (0.98), assay efficiency index (33.2), marker index (18.2), resolving power (40.62), and genotype index (0.856). Thirty-six RAPD and 21 SSR primers could differentiate a maximum of eight and four cultivars, respectively, whereas, two AFLP primer combinations could fingerprint all the 14 cultivars. To understand genetic relationships among these cultivars, Jaccard's similarity coefficient and UPGMA clustering algorithm were applied to the three marker data sets. Mean genetic similarities ranged from 0.689 (AFLP) to 0.952 (ISSR). Correlation coefficient comparisons between similarity matrices and co-phenetic matrices obtained with the three markers revealed that AFLP displayed no congruence vis-a-vis RAPD and ISSR data. However, strong correlation was observed between RAPD and ISSR marker systems. This paper reports the start of molecular biology programme targeting nuclear genome of safflower, a major world oilseed crop about whose genetics very little is known.  相似文献   

9.
DNA polymorphisms among 6 cultivars of Fragaria × ananassa (Duch.) and 13salinity tolerant clones were evaluated using simplified – PstI based Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism procedure(PstIAFLP). Out of 129 amplification products obtained with 10 selective primers, 116 markers were polymorphic and could be used to distinguish all analyzed materials. Coordinate and cluster analyses revealed 2 main groups of clones and divided strawberry cultivars (CUL) and tested F1 hybrids of ‘Sweet Heart’(HYB). Mean genetic similarities in groups of cultivars and selected breeding lines (SEL) were significantly higher (0.722 and0.706, respectively, p < 0.05) than in group of SH hybrids (0.485). Results suggest that PstIAFLP method is sufficient for effective identification and useful for assessing the level of genetic diversity in strawberry cultivars and breeding lines. The presented method can bean alternative multilocus marker system to widespread RAPD method. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

10.
Mehmet Ali Sudupak 《Euphytica》2004,135(2):229-238
Intra and inter-species ISSR variation and use of ISSR markers in determination of genetic relationship were investigated in an accession collection representing twoperennial and six annual Cicerspecies. Screening of Ciceraccessions with SSR primers revealed highly reproducible amplicon profiles with relatively high multiplex ratios. Many of the primers generated amplicon profiles with which not only the differences among species can readily be identified, but also polymorphisms within species could be detected more efficiently. PCR products at 150 gel positions detected using six SSR primers in Cicer accessions were treated as dominant DNA markers and utilized to compute the distances among accessions and species. Cluster analysis of accessions and species revealed groupings that corroborate our previous studies of relationships based on allozyme and AFLP analysis. Consistent with the AFLP analysis carried out in the same accession collection, ISSR-based groupings indicated that perennial C. incisumis genetically close to the annuals of the second crossability group (C. pinnatifidum,C. bijugum, C. judaicum) while C. reticulatum is the closest wild species to the cultivated chickpea. ISSR-based variation estimates were relatively higher when compared to previous estimates computed from RAPD and AFLP data. Technically, ISSR analysis combines the PCR-based targeting of microsatellite-associated polymorphisms with no prior sequence requirement and stringent PCR conditions. Similarly, when compared to AFLP analysis, it is less technically demanding allowing to survey polymorphic loci in the genome. Thus, ISSR-PCR technology is a reliable, fast, and cost-effective marker system that can be used to study genetic variation and genetic relationships in the genusCicer. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

11.
白菜种质遗传多样性与亲缘关系的ISSR标记分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
摘要：从分子水平用ISSR标记法对白菜遗传多样性进行分析,从100个ISSR引物中共筛选出11个多态性明显、条带清晰、反应稳定的引物,对65个样品DNA共扩增出107条谱带,平均每个引物扩增出9.72条带,其中多态性位点102个(93.5% )。种间遗传相似系数在遗传距离在0.40～0.65 之间,表明白菜栽培种内品种间的遗传基础相对较宽,存在较大的遗传变异性。利用UPGMA聚类分析表明：能将65个白菜地方品种划分为四大类。由ISSR标记聚类结果所表现出的大多种质之间的亲缘关系与其来源地有较大的相关性,但也有地理差别很大的白菜资源遗传关系较近的情况。本研究还表明,ISSR 标记比RAPD 标记具有更高的稳定性,在植物遗传多样性的分子标记或克隆研究中,可优先使用ISSR 标记。  相似文献   

12.
为揭示湖南省饭豆地方品种的遗传多样性,促进种质资源的有效保护和利用。本研究利用RAPD和ISSR标记分析了源于湖南省各地36份古老饭豆地方品种的遗传多样性,并采用UPGMA方法进行了遗传聚类分析。结果表明：12个RAPD引物和4个ISSR引物在供试材料中共扩增产生81条带型清晰的条带,平均每个引物扩增产生5.06个条带;其中59个为多态性条带,占总扩增条带的72.84%,具有多态性引物的PIC值在0.397~0.968之间;通过UPGMA法进行聚类分析表明供试材料的遗传相似系数在0.605~0.877之间,供试材料被分为4大类,且聚类结果表现明显的地域特征。本研究结果可为本省饭豆种质资源保护和育种研究提供理论依据。  相似文献   

13.
An assessment of genetic diversity studies was undertaken to understand the level and pattern of diversity in 65 mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes of India including 20 commercial cultivars, 18 hybrids, 25 local genotypes and two exotic cultivars based on qualitative and quantitative fruit characters as well as RAPD and ISSR profiles. A considerable variation was observed in respect of three important qualitative characters namely table quality, fruit attractiveness and storage life of ripe fruits and potentially superior genotypes for the above traits were identified. A wide variation was noticeable regarding metabolite composition of pulp of ripe mango fruit with respect to total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar, acidity, sugar:acid ratio, ascorbic acid and phenolic content. Fifteen RAPD primers yielded 27 monomorphic and 129 polymorphic bands with percent polymorphism averaging 82.7%. Of a total 70 ISSR bands generated from eight ISSR primers, 60 bands (85.71%) were found to be polymorphic. Cumulative band data from these two methods precisely arranged accessions into eight clusters which correspond well with their pedigree relationship. UPGMA dendrograms drawn using RAPD, ISSR and cumulative data showed highly similar grouping of genotypes on the basis of their parental origin. No clear-cut geographical separation was revealed among East, West, North and South Indian mango cultivars by neither of these molecular markers nor their combinations. This supports the common gene pool origin of mango as well as operation of similar selection pressure as the cultivar preferences in these areas are largely similar.  相似文献   

14.
Indian cashew breeding programme has produced 24 selections and 11 hybrids with increased yield and excellent nut characters. Molecular profiles of these varieties were developed using a combination of five RAPD and four ISSR primers pre-selected for maximum discrimination and repeatability. A total of 94 markers were generated which discriminated all the varieties with a probability of identical match by chance of2.8 × 10-11. There was no correlation between the relationships based on molecular data and the pedigree of the varieties. Narrow range of average similarity values among major cashew breeding centres with only 3.6% of molecular variance partitioned between them was attributed to the exchange of genetic material in developing varieties. Difference in the average similarity coefficients between selections and hybrids was low indicating the need and scope for identification of more parental lines in enhancing the effectiveness of hybridisation programme. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

15.
部分烟草种质遗传多样性与亲缘关系的ISSR标记分析   总被引：33，自引：3，他引：33  
烟草遗传资源多样性与亲缘关系研究，是烟草遗传育种与起源演化研究的重要基础，本文首次应用ISSR标记，对烟草属（Nicotiana）4个种30份材料的遗传多样性进行分析。从70个ISSR引物中共筛选出16个多态性明显、条带清晰、反应稳定的引物，对30个样品DNA共扩增出309条谱带，平均每个引物扩增出19.31条带，多态性条带比率（PPB）达93.20%。种间遗传相似系数在0.26~0.96之间，表现出丰富的遗传多态性。系统聚类结果显示，N. glutinosa、N. suaveolens、N. gossei 3个野生种间存在较大的遗传差异，遗传相似系数在0.29~0.52之间；27份栽培品种种内遗传相似性相对较高，在0.54~0.96之间，显示出栽培种内的遗传基础相对比较狭窄，但其中白肋21、台烟7号与其他供试材料有较大的遗传差异。ISSR聚类分析表明，当L1取值为D = 0.475时，可将3个野生种与27份烟草栽培品种明显区分开，反映出种间的遗传差异；当L2取值为D = 0.776时，可将30份材料分为2个大类、3个小类和6个独立的个类，较好地揭示了烟草属种间或栽培种品种类型间的遗传多样性与亲缘关系，可为烟草遗传育种和遗传连锁图谱构建的杂交亲本选择提供科学依据。本研究还表明ISSR标记比RAPD标记具有更高的稳定性，在植物遗传多样性的分子标记或克隆研究中，可优先使用ISSR标记。  相似文献   

16.
The genetic variability and relationships among 11 cowpea genotypes representing two cultivars and nine elite genotypes were analyzed using 22 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and nine inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. ISSR markers were more efficient than RAPD assay with regards to polymorphism detection. But the average numbers of polymorphic loci per primer and resolution power were found to be higher for RAPD than for ISSR. Also, the total number of genotype specific marker loci, Nei’s genetic diversity, Shannon’s information index, total heterozygosity, and average heterozygosity were prominent in RAPD as compared to ISSR markers. The regression test between the two Nei’s genetic diversity indices showed low regression (0.3733) between ISSR and RAPD + ISSR-based similarities but maximum (0.9823) for RAPD and RAPD + ISSR-based similarities. The RAPD- and ISSR-generated cultivar- or genotype-specific unique DNA fingerprints able to identify the most diverse genotypes. A dendrogram constructed based on RAPD and ISSR combined data indicated a very clear pattern of clustering according to the groups (cultivars and elite genotypes). The results of principal coordinate analysis were comparable to the cluster analysis. Cluster analysis showed that most diverse genotypes (GP-125 — small size with good seed quality; GP-129, GP-90L — big size with poor seed quality) were separated from moderately diverse cultivars and genotypes. The genetic closeness among GP-129 and GP-90L, JCPL-42, and JCPL-107 could be explained by the high degree of commonness in these genotypes.  相似文献   

17.
The genetic relationship among 42 genotypes of finger millet collected from different geographical regions of southern India was investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Ten RAPD primers produced 111 polymorphic bands. Five ISSR primers produced a total of 61 bands. Of these, 23 bands were polymorphic. The RAPD and ISSR fingerprints revealed 71.3 and 37.4% polymorphic banding patterns, respectively. Thirty-six SSR primers yielded 83 scorable alleles in which 62 were found to be polymorphic. Out of 36 SSR primers used, 14 primers (46.6%) produced polymorphic bands. The SSR primer UGEP7 produced a maximum number of six alleles. Mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of RAPD, ISSR and SSR were 0.44, 0.28, and 0.14, respectively. Molecular variances among the population were 2, 11, and 1% for RAPD, ISSR, and SSR markers, respectively. SSR produced 99% molecular variance within individuals. RAPD and ISSR markers produced a low level of molecular variance within individuals. The STRUCTURE (model-based program) analysis revealed that the 42 finger millet genotypes could be divided into a maximum of four subpopulations. Based on the Bayesian statistics, each RAPD and SSR marker produced three subpopulations (K=3), while ISSR marker showed four subpopulations (K=4). This study revealed that RAPD and SSR markers could narrow down the analysis of population structure and it may form the basis for finger millet breeding and improvement programs in the future.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic diversity of Cannabis sativa germplasm based on RAPD markers   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
V. Faeti    G. Mandolino  P. Ranalli 《Plant Breeding》1996,115(5):367-370
Random amplified polymorphic DN A (RAPD) markers were generated from 13 cultivars and accessions of Cannabis sativa L. Approximately 200 fragments generated by 10 primers of arbitrary sequence were used to assess the level of DNA variation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Dice coefficient of similarity and principal coordinate analysis. The grouping of the accessions according to the cluster analysis was in good agreement with their origin and lines with common ancestors were grouped together. Principal coordinates 1 and 2 revealed a clear separation of Italian and Hungarian germplasm and a third group, including a mixture of genotypes coming from different places; the third coordinate separated the Korean group which is probably the most divergent germplasm. Variability within the two cultivars ‘Carmagnola’ and ‘Fibranova1’ was also shown, suggesting good possibilities for long–term selection work. RAPD markers provide a powerful tool for the investigation of genetic variation in cultivars/accessions of hemp.  相似文献   

19.
M. Z. Yao    L. Chen    Y. R. Liang 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(2):166-172
Tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is an important beverage crop in the world. In recent years many clonal tea cultivars have been released, and they play major roles in improving the production and quality of tea. It is important to understand the genetic diversity and relatedness of these cultivars to avoid inbreeding and narrow genetic basis in future tea breeding. In the present study, genetic diversity and relationship of 48 tea cultivars from China, Japan and Kenya were evaluated by inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 382 ISSR bands were scored, of which 381 (99.7%) were polymorphic. The ISSR primers showed high ability to distinguish between tea cultivars according to their high Resolving Power (RP) with an average of 7.4. The mean of Nei’s gene diversity (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) were 0.22 and 0.35, respectively. More abundant diversity was revealed among cultivars in China than those in Japan and Kenya. Within Chinese populations, the level of diversity in east China was higher than that in other regions. The coefficient of genetic differentiation (GST) was 0.202, which indicates a high degree of genetic variation within populations. This result was further confirmed by analysis of molecular variance, which revealed the variance component within the populations (92.07%) was obviously larger than that among populations (7.93%). The level of gene flow (Nm) was estimated to be 2.0. This could be explained by frequent natural cross‐pollination and seed dispersal among tea populations. The pairwise similarity coefficient between the cultivars varied from 0.162 to 0.538. A dendrogram of 48 tea cultivars was constructed where all the tested cultivars were divided into two groups. Our data show that the genetic relationship among tea cultivars can be determined by the ISSR markers. This will provide valuable information to assist parental selection in current and future tea breeding programmes.  相似文献   

20.
我国茶树无性系品种遗传多样性和亲缘关系的ISSR分析   总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32  
利用ISSR分子标记分析了我国36个主要茶树无性系品种的遗传多样性和亲缘关系。结果表明20个ISSR引物在供试品种中共扩增出368条谱带,其中多态性条带占总条带的99.7%,引物的多态性信息指数（PIC）平均达0.90。供试品种的基因多样性（H）和Shannon信息指数（I）分别为0.23和0.38。茶区内茶树品种的遗传多样性低于总体水平,江南和华南茶区主栽无性系品种的多样性高于西南茶区。AMOVA分析表明区域因素引起的变异（占5.6%）远小于品种因素（占94.4%）。供试品种间的相似系数介于0.58~0.84,平均为0.69,显示出我国茶树主栽品种的遗传基础已相对比较狭窄。ISSR聚类分析表明,中国台湾品种金萱与大陆品种的遗传距离较远,形成单独的个类。35个大陆品种聚成一个大类群,其中除宜红早形成独立的个类外,其他品种又聚为3个亚类群。亲缘关系树状图在分子水平上显示了我国主要茶树无性系品种间的亲缘关系,为今后茶树育种亲本的选配提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

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