共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Developmental stages of Cryptosporidium baileyi were observed on the conjunctival epithelium of 3 of 14 chicks and none of 7 turkeys following ocular inoculation of oocysts. No clinical signs of disease were observed in chicks or turkeys. All 14 chicks had developmental stages of C. baileyi in the cloaca, whereas 4 of the 7 turkeys were infected at this site. 相似文献
2.
Oral inoculation of 13 ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) with 1 x 10(6) Cryptosporidium baileyi oocysts produced patent infections but no clinical signs of disease. Intratracheal inoculation of 13 ducks with 1 x 10(6) C. baileyi oocysts produced only mild clinical signs of respiratory disease, no deaths, and gross lesions of airsacculitis in only three ducks. The distribution of developmental stages of C. baileyi in ducks was similar to that observed in experimentally infected chickens and turkeys. Results of this study indicate that ducks are more resistant to experimentally induced respiratory cryptosporidiosis caused by C. baileyi than are chickens and turkeys. 相似文献
3.
D S Lindsay B L Blagburn C A Sundermann J A Ernest 《American journal of veterinary research》1987,48(3):354-355
Chemoprophylaxis of Cryptosporidium baileyi infections was attempted by feeding 4 groups of chicks diets containing 3 mg of halofuginone/kg of feed, 60 mg of salinomycin/kg, 75 mg of lasalocid/kg, or 110 mg of monensin/kg. Rations were fed 5 days before oral or intratracheal inoculation with oocysts and were continued for 20 days. None of the drugs prevented C baileyi infections. Clinical signs of respiratory tract disease and gross lesions of airsacculitis were observed in intratracheally inoculated birds in all treatment groups and nonmedicated controls. Orally inoculated birds did not develop clinical signs of infection. Pathogenic bacteria were not isolated from the respiratory tract systems of any chicks. Halofuginone delayed the establishment of infections of the bursa of Fabricius and cloaca, but not of the trachea. 相似文献
4.
为了解不同地区鸡源贝氏隐孢子虫的致病特点,对收集到的郑州、林州两地区鸡源贝氏隐孢子虫卵囊经雏鸡传代扩增纯化后,分别以1×106个卵囊量接种3日龄罗曼公雏鸡,从其排卵囊情况、临床症状和病理学变化比较了2个分离株的致病情况。结果表明:2个隐孢子虫分离株均主要引起雏鸡呼吸道症状和法氏囊炎病变;接种雏鸡均于感染后第4天开始排卵囊,林州株和郑州株排卵囊持续期分别为23 d和13 d;排卵囊高峰期均为感染后第8~12天。雏鸡感染2个地区鸡源贝氏隐孢子虫分离株后,排卵囊量及排卵囊规律存在差异。 相似文献
5.
Developmental stages of Cryptosporidium baileyi were observed on the epithelium of the larynx, trachea, primary and secondary bronchi, air sacs, bursa of Fabricius, and cloaca of 12 chickens inoculated intra-abdominally with oocysts. All 12 birds inoculated intra-abdominally developed clinical signs of respiratory disease and had gross lesions of airsacculitis at necropsy. Developmental stages of C. baileyi and clinical signs of disease were not observed in 12 chickens inoculated intravenously with oocysts. The response of chickens to intra-abdominal inoculation of oocysts was similar to responses recorded following intratracheal inoculation of oocysts in previous studies. 相似文献
6.
Kimbita EN Samani PM Machange EN Silayo RS 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2005,72(3):251-254
A wild strain of Eimeria tenella was isolated and utilized for immunization studies. Its optimal sporulation was attained at room temperature 24-25 degrees C after 24-48 h. Two groups of chicks were immunized by dosing a graded dose of five oocysts/chick/day for 6 days followed by 50 oocysts/chick/day for 7 days. A third group was not immunized and served as a negative control. Immunized chicks gained mass at the same rate as unimmunized ones, but when challenged with 200,000 oocysts/chick, mass gains declined in the unimmunized group. The growth rate of immunized chicks was not affected by challenge (P > 0.05). Upon challenge, unimmunized chicks produced significantly more oocysts than immunized chicks (P < 0.005). Immunized chicks withstood a challenged with 200,000 oocysts/chick without developing any clinical signs whereas the unimmunized chicks developed typical clinical signs of coccidiosis. Unimmunized chicks had significantly more severe lesions in the caecum than any other group (P > 0.005) and also produced significantly more oocysts than any other group (P > 0.005). 相似文献
7.
To study effects of experimental cryptosporidiosis, broiler chickens were infected per os with 5 x 10(5) oocysts of Cryptosporidium baileyi and Cryptosporidium meleagridis. In the first experiment, chickens were infected with oocysts of C. baileyi at the age of 7, 14, and 21 days. In the second experiment, chickens were infected with oocysts of C. baileyi, C. meleagridis, or both cryptosporidial species at the age of 7 days. Although clinical signs of infection were apparent, neither final live weight nor mortality was significanty influenced in chickens infected with a single Cryptosporidium species. In chickens infected with C. meleagridis, the growth retardation was observed in the 2-wk period after infection. The compensatory growth, however, started when the oocyst shedding had ceased. The number of oocysts in excreta specimens of chickens infected with C. meleagridis was two to three times lower than in excreta of chickens infected with C. baileyi. Chickens infected with both C. baileyi and C. meleagridis (5 x 10(5) oocysts of each) had significantly lower final live weight and worse feed efficiency than chickens of other groups. Concurrent infection did not influence individual C. baileyi or C. meleagridis oocyst shedding. 相似文献
8.
Vaccines composed of either virulent or attenuated Eimeria spp. oocysts have been developed as an alternative to medication of feed with ionophore drugs or synthetic chemicals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of gel-beads containing a mixture of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella oocysts as a vaccine against coccidiosis. Newly hatched chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) were either sprayed with an aqueous suspension of Eimeria oocysts or were allowed to ingest feed containing Eimeria oocysts-incorporated gel-beads. Control day-old chicks were given an equivalent number of Eimeria oocysts (10(4) total) by oral gavage. After 3 days, chicks were randomly assigned to individual cages, and feces were collected between days 5 and 8 postinfection. All samples were processed for total Eimeria oocysts. At 4 wk of age, all chickens and a control nonimmunized group received a high-dose E acervulina, E maxima, and E. tenella challenge infection. Oocyst excretion by chicks fed gel-beads or inoculated by oral gavage was 10- to 100-fold greater than that of chicks spray-vaccinated with the Eimeria oocysts mixture (log 6.3-6.6 vs. log 4.8). Subsequent protection against challenge as measured by weight gain and feed conversion efficiency was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in gel-bead and oral gavage groups compared with spray-vaccinated or nonimmunized groups. Also, gel-bead and oral gavage groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in weight gain and feed conversion efficiency compared with nonchallenged controls. These findings indicate that incorporation of Eimeria spp. oocysts in gel-beads may represent an effective way to deliver live oocyst vaccines to day-old chicks for preventing subsequent outbreaks of coccidiosis in the field. 相似文献
9.
Experimentally induced infections in turkeys with Cryptosporidium baileyi isolated from chickens 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Oocysts of Cryptosporidium baileyi isolated from chickens were inoculated by different routes into 3 groups of turkey poults. Intratracheal inoculation of oocysts produced clinical signs of respiratory tract disease, deaths, and gross lesions of airsacculitis. Parasites developed in the microvillous border of the nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and air sacs. Oral and intracloacal inoculations of oocysts caused no deaths or clinical signs of disease, but did produce patent infections. Respiratory tract infections limited to the nasopharynx, larynx, and trachea occurred in 3 orally inoculated poults. Respiratory tract infections were not observed in intracloacally inoculated poults. The mode of inoculation did not influence the distribution of C baileyi in the digestive tract. The cloaca was parasitized in 100% of the birds with intestinal infections, and the bursa of Fabricius was parasitized in 72.7%. 相似文献
10.
Effects of Eimeria brunetti infection and dietary zinc on experimental induction of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Broilers infected with Eimeria brunetti and given dietary zinc were examined for experimental induction of necrotic enteritis. Inoculation with sporulated E. brunetti oocysts at 7 days of age was followed by 5 consecutive days of oral inoculation with cultured Clostridium perfringens. Feed was supplemented with zinc at 1000 ppm. Upon necropsy of broilers 6 days after coccidial inoculation, necrotic enteritis was found in 20% (2/10) of birds given both organisms and dietary zinc. Coccidial lesion scores were also highest in that group. Birds infected with E. brunetti and C. perfringens with no dietary zinc had significantly higher coccidiosis lesion scores (P less than 0.05) than groups inoculated with E. brunetti only, regardless of zinc supplementation. Alpha toxin levels in intestinal contents were low in groups infected with both organisms, regardless of zinc supplementation. Zinc was tested for effects of alpha toxin production in vitro. In the mid-log phase (6 hours incubation), a high level of alpha toxin was produced in zinc-supplemented media, but this was lost quickly in the presence of trypsin. Addition of zinc partly protected the toxin from the action of trypsin. 相似文献
11.
Specific-pathogen-free chickens orally inoculated at 4 days of age with a moderately pathogenic vaccine strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and/or at 5 days of age with Cryptosporidium baileyi oocysts remained free of overt clinical signs throughout a 16-day period postinoculation (PI). The prepatency period for C. baileyi oocyst shedding was shorter in chickens receiving higher numbers of oocysts, but once shedding was detected, there were no obvious differences in shedding patterns among groups receiving 10(3) through 10(6) oocysts. On days 8 and 16 PI, cryptosporidia were located primarily in the bursae of Fabricius. IBDV exposure was associated with bursal follicle atrophy, whereas C. baileyi infection resulted in bursal epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia, mild follicle atrophy, and heterophil infiltration of the bursal mucosa. Examination of experimental groups of 30 birds each indicated that concurrent infection with both agents resulted in more severe bursal lesions, more infected birds, and greater numbers of cryptosporidia in infected tissues. At the termination of the trial, 16 days PI, Cryptosporidium infection was associated with a 6% decrease in mean body weight compared with controls. 相似文献
12.
隐孢子虫卵囊形态学观察及动物交叉感染试验 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
作者观察了从湖南６种动物分离出的隐孢子虫卵囊的光镜下形态，并以鸡源、牛源和猪源隐孢子虫卵囊人工感染实验动物作交叉感染性研究。结果鉴定出隐孢子虫３个种，即贝氏隐孢子虫（Ｃ．ｂａｉｌｅｙｉ），寄生于鸡、鸭；微小隐孢子虫（Ｃ．Ｐａｒｖｕｍ），寄生于牛、山羊、猪、家兔和小鼠；鼠隐孢子虫（Ｃ．ｍｕｒｉｓ），寄生于牛。交叉感染结果表明，来自鸡的隐孢子虫可以感染雏鸡和雏鸭，而不能感染小鼠和家兔；来自牛的隐孢子虫可以感染小鼠和家兔而不能感染雏鸡，来自猪的隐孢子虫可以感染小鼠而对雏鸡无感染性。作者认为，哺乳类和鸟类的隐孢子虫可能在宿主纲的水平上具有宿主持异性。 相似文献
13.
Effect of dietary lactose on cecal pH, bacteriostatic volatile fatty acids, and Salmonella typhimurium colonization of broiler chicks 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
One-day-old broiler chicks were inoculated with volatile fatty acid producing cecal flora from adult chickens. The chicks were divided into four groups and provided 1) no lactose, 2) 2.5% lactose in water, 3) 5% lactose in feed, or 4) 10% lactose in feed, until 10 days of age. All groups were challenged at 3 days of age with 10(6) or 10(8) S. typhimurium. At 10 days, the number of Salmonella in the ceca of the chicks challenged with 10(6) Salmonella was significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) in the groups provided lactose as compared with the controls. A significant decrease (P less than 0.01) in Salmonella numbers occurred in the chicks challenged with 10(8) Salmonella and provided 10% lactose. Providing 2.5% lactose or 5% lactose failed to inhibit Salmonella growth in chicks challenged with 10(8) Salmonella. The pH of the ceca of the groups provided lactose decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) and was accompanied by significant increases (P less than 0.01) in the concentrations of bacteriostatic acetic and propionic acids. Results showed that providing dietary lactose to broiler chicks and inoculation with normal cecal flora decreased cecal pH, increased the concentrations of bacteriostatic volatile fatty acids, and inhibited Salmonella colonization. 相似文献
14.
Rama Rao S.V. Praharaj N.K. Reddy M.R. Sridevi B. 《Veterinary research communications》1999,23(6):323-336
Immune competence, resistance to Escherichia coli and growth were measured in female chicks of broiler male parent lines from four different commercial sources. These chicks were fed with three levels of dietary crude protein (CP) from day-old. The protein contents in the diets were 18%, 20.5% and 23%; these diets are referred to as the low-, medium- and high-protein diets, respectively. There was a significant genotype by dietary protein interaction for body weight at 35 days of age but not at 14 or 28 days of age. At 14 days of age, the chicks fed on the high-protein diet weighed significantly more than those fed on the low-protein diet, but there were no differences between the chicks fed on the medium- and low-protein diets. The influence of CP content on body weight had disappeared by 28 days of age. There were significant differences between the genotypes in antibody production in response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) inoculation, but no such differences were observed between the chicks fed the different levels of dietary protein. Chicks fed on the high-protein diet had lower lesion scores following E. coli inoculation than those fed on the low-protein diet. There were also significant differences in lesion scores among the genotypes. Genotypes with heavier body weights had significantly higher lesion scores and lower antibody titres than those with less body weight. Also, genotypes of lower body weight had a greater cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity response to phytohaemaglutinin-P inoculation, and a better humoral response against SRBC and a lower heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. 相似文献
15.
Prevention of coccidiosis in domestic dogs and captive coyotes (Canis latrans) with sulfadimethoxine-ormetoprim combination 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Sulfadimethoxine-ormetoprim combination was evaluated as a coccidiostat against experimentally induced coccidiosis in young dogs and coyotes (Canis latrans). The animals were experimentally inoculated with 50,000 or 100,000 sporulated oocysts of Isospora ohiohensis (98%) and Isospora canis (2%). In experiment 1, daily treatment for 13 to 23 days with a combination of 27.5 mg of sulfadimethoxine/kg of body weight (BW) and 5.5 mg of ormetoprim/kg of BW admixed to the feed resulted in no significant (P greater than 0.05) difference in fecal oocyst counts between treated and nontreated groups of dogs or coyotes. In experiment 2, treatment with a combination of 55 mg of sulfadimethoxine/kg of BW and 11 mg of ormetoprim/kg of BW for 23 days was 99.8% effective against Isospora spp infections in dogs. Significantly (P less than 0.05) fewer oocysts were present in feces of treated dogs than were present in feces of nontreated dogs from first passage of oocysts at day 4 to the end of the patent period at days 19 to 21. After the 2nd week of treatment, BW of treated dogs were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than BW of nontreated dogs. Evidence of drug toxicity was not observed clinically or by serum chemical analyses. 相似文献
16.
为检测鸡胚中贝氏隐孢子虫,本研究根据GenBank公布的贝氏隐孢子虫和原鸡18SrRNA基因序列设计针对贝氏隐孢子虫的特异性引物,并以贝氏隐孢子虫卵囊基因组DNA为模板,建立检测贝氏隐孢子虫SYBRGreen实时荧光定量PCR（Real—timeqPCR）方法,同时对贝氏隐孢子虫在鸡胚中培养7d后尿囊膜和尿囊液样品中虫体DNA进行检测。结果表明,建立的SYBRGreenreal—timeqPCR方法可特异性检测到贝氏隐孢子虫,建立的标准曲线线性关系良好（R2=0．998）,卵囊基因组DNA检测阈值为10个卵囊,重复检测结果显示试验重现性较好。该方法成功检测到尿囊膜和尿囊液中虫体DNA。本研究建立了快速、特异的定量检测鸡胚中贝氏隐孢子虫real—timeqPCR方法,可用于对贝氏隐孢子虫在鸡胚中繁殖规律分析和抗隐孢子虫药物筛选等研究。 相似文献
17.
The effect of providing lactose in feed and inoculation with volatile fatty acid-producing anaerobic cultures (AC) of cecal flora on Salmonella typhimurium colonization was evaluated in broilers. One-day-old chicks were divided into four groups and provided 1) no lactose, no AC; 2) AC, no lactose; 3) AC and lactose on days 1-10; or 4) AC and lactose on days 1-40. All groups were challenged per os with 10(6) Salmonella on day 3 and with 10(8) Salmonella on day 33. Salmonella growth in the cecal contents was significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) on day 10 in the chicks provided lactose from day 1-10. However, after the removal of lactose from the diet, the chicks were susceptible to Salmonella colonization. The number of Salmonella in the ceca was significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) in the chicks provided lactose throughout the 40-day growing period. Dietary lactose decreased the pH of the cecal contents and was accompanied by marked increases in the concentrations of undissociated bacteriostatic volatile fatty acids in the cecal contents. 相似文献
18.
为进一步筛选有效的鸡球虫病抗性评价指标,并为后续鸡球虫抗性评价体系的建立及鸡球虫抗病育种提供依据,试验将京海黄鸡分为感染和非感染对照2个组,感染组每只雏鸡灌饲2.5×104个柔嫩艾美尔球虫卵囊,用酶联免疫检测法测定10个球虫抗性血液指标。结果显示,①感染后第3天感染组和非感染对照组的临床表现和各项指标差异均不明显,表明感染后这一阶段无法用现有指标检测到显著变化;②感染后3～5 d感染组鸡体增重为负,且感染组和非感染对照组相比差异极显著（P＜0.01）,表明感染后3～5 d的变化最为剧烈;③感染后8 d IFN-γ浓度显著低于非感染对照组（P＜0.05）;丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽—过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）浓度均有不同程度提高,且感染组与非感染对照组SOD浓度差异显著（P＜0.05）,其余3个指标均差异极显著（P＜0.01）;④白细胞介素2(IL-2)、IL-16、IL-17、一氧化氮（NO）、β-胡萝卜素（β-C）浓度感染组和非感染对照组相比差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。结果表明,感染后3～5 d内的体增重,CAT、GSH-Px、MDA、SOD 4种抗氧化酶及IFN-γ细胞因子在血浆中的浓度可作为鸡球虫抗性评价指标。 相似文献
19.
20.
为了解来源于地方鸡品种的隐孢子虫分离株致病特点,对收集到的河南固始鸡源隐孢子虫经鹌鹑传代纯化后,进行动物感染。结果:固始鸡源隐孢子虫分离株无论在正常还是免疫抑制情况下均不能感染小鼠,但能成功感染海兰雏鸡,出现明显的呼吸道症状及法氏囊病变。剖检发现虫体主要寄生在法氏囊、气管和泄殖腔等部位。根据卵囊形态学及寄生部位等特点,本试验分离的隐孢子虫种类鉴定为贝氏隐孢子虫(Crypto-sporidium baileyi)。增大感染剂量,可使雏鸡排卵囊高峰期提前,排卵囊量增大,持续期延长;免疫抑制剂的使用也可使高峰期提前,持续期延长,但会造成试验动物死亡率增高。雏鸡临床症状、剖检病变和增重减少均与感染剂量呈正相关,免疫抑制剂的使用会加重此影响。 相似文献