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1.
A. Çevik‐Demirkan 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2014,43(1):31-35
This study aimed to document the detailed features of the morphological structure and the innervation areas of the brachial plexus in Merlin (Falco columbarius). The skin and muscles of five adult male Merlins were dissected under the stereo microscope. The Merlin had two plexus trunks. The accessory brachial plexus consisted of ventral rami C10 and C11. C11 was divided into two branches: the cranial and caudal. The brachial plexus was composed of a rather complex network involving the ventral rami of C11‐C13, T1 and T2. In addition, a thin branch from the last two cervical sympathetic nerves participated in the plexus formation. C12, C13 and T1 had rather thick trunk. C12, C13 and T1 were also involved in the formation of the brachial plexus emerging after 1 cm from the foramen inter‐vertebrale as three trunk roots. 相似文献
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Veterinary Research Communications - Hamsters are often chosen as companion animals but are also a group of animals frequently subjected to laboratory tests. As there are no scientific publications... 相似文献
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P. R. Souza J. R. Cardoso L. B. M. Araujo P. C. Moreira V. S. Cruz E. G. Araujo 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2014,43(5):341-345
Ten forelimbs of five Myrmecophaga tridactyla were examined to study the anatomy of the brachial plexus. The brachial plexuses of the M. tridactyla observed in the present study were formed by the ventral rami of the last four cervical spinal nerves, C5 through C8, and the first thoracic spinal nerve, T1. These primary roots joined to form two trunks: a cranial trunk comprising ventral rami from C5‐C7 and a caudal trunk receiving ventral rami from C8‐T1. The nerves originated from these trunks and their most constant arrangement were as follows: suprascapular (C5‐C7), subscapular (C5‐C7), cranial pectoral (C5‐C8), caudal pectoral (C8‐T1), axillary (C5‐C7), musculocutaneous (C5‐C7), radial (C5‐T1), median (C5‐T1), ulnar (C5‐T1), thoracodorsal (C5‐C8), lateral thoracic (C7‐T1) and long thoracic (C6‐C7). In general, the brachial plexus in the M. tridactyla is similar to the plexuses in mammals, but the number of rami contributing to the formation of each nerve in the M. tridactyla was found to be larger than those of most mammals. This feature may be related to the very distinctive anatomical specializations of the forelimb of the anteaters. 相似文献
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The number of neurons in the myenteric plexus of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, rectum and cecum of chick and adult domestic fowl (Gallus gallus) was counted. Gradients of neuron density were observed in the small and large intestines, the difference between the neuron densities in adjacent regions generally being significant. The mean neuron density in each region in the chick was two to three times higher than in the adult. The concentration of neurons was significantly greater in the mesenteric zone of the plexus than in the antimesenteric zone. The total number of neurons in the adult was significantly higher than in the chick. The differences between the neuron counts in the chicks and adults are discussed. 相似文献
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This study was carried out to reveal the formation of the sacral plexus in the Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) and the nerves originating from this plexus. Five EEOs, three of them were male and two were female, were provided from Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center of Kafkas University and used as materials. Following the euthanizing of the animals, abdominal cavity was opened. The nerves of plexus sacrales were dissected and photographed. It was detected that the sacral plexus was formed by the ventral ramus of five synsacral nerves. Moreover, it was determined that the roots of the sacral plexus formed three trunks: the truncus cranialis, the truncus medius and the truncus caudalis in fossa renalis. The availability of the n. ischiofemoralis and the availability of n. parafibularis were detected in the EEOs. Five branches were specified as having segregated from the sacral plexus: the n. cutaneus femoralis caudalis, the mutual root of n. fibularis with n. tibialis (n. ischiadicus), the rami musculares, the n. coxalis caudalis and the ramus muscularis. It was observed that the sacral plexus was linked to the lumbar plexus by the n. furcalis, to the pudendus plexus via the n. bigeminus. Consequently, the anatomic structure of the EEO's sacral plexus, the participating synsacral nerves to plexus and the innervation areas of these nerves were revealed. 相似文献
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Yasin Demiraslan İftar Gürbüz İsmail Demircioğlu Mustafa Orhun Dayan 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(3):572-578
The aim of the present study is to reveal the anatomical structure of lumbosacral plexus of barn owl. Six barn owls were included in the study. Nerves originating from plexus were dissected individually, and findings of innervation areas of nerves were determined. Lumbosacral plexus of barn owl was observed to be formed by ventral rami of ten synsacral spinal nerves. It was found that while the r. cutaneus femoris lateralis, the n. obturatorius, the n. coxalis cranialis, the r. cutaneus femoris medialis, the n. cutaneus femoris cranialis and the n. femoralis originated from the lumbar plexus, the n. isciofemoralis, the n. cutaneus femoris caudalis, the n. coxalis caudalis and the n. ischiadicus originated from the sacral plexus. Consequently, when the results of the study were compared with information of different avian species, it was observed that differences focused on the formation of the lumbar and sacral plexuses and innervation level of digits. 相似文献
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A craniolateral approach to the canine brachial plexus that provides good exposure by transection of the omotransversarius and, if necessary, the scalenus muscles is described. The technique facilitated diagnosis of brachial plexus tumors in three dogs and probable brachial plexus neuritis in a fourth dog. 相似文献
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The goat choroid plexus angioarchitecture of the lateral ventricles was studied under the SEM using the method of “microvascular corrosion casts”. The whole plexus is semilunar shaped and directed in an antero-posterior, latero-median fashion. In the plexus the lateral extremity is larger than the median one. All the components of the vascular bed (arteries, venes and capillaries) of the choroid plexus have interesting morpho-structural features. In particular, the capillaries are more developed than the other components and they are variously located on both sides of the plexus. The capillary network has a various organization in different zones of each side of the plexus. 相似文献
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In this work, we have used 12 adult dromedaries of both sexes, aged between 2 and 12 years. The nerves were traced in the fresh state with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope.
The lumbosacral plexus was compared with that of the horse, other ruminants, pig, and carnivores. The origin, course, and distribution of the various branches of the cranial part of the plexus are described in detail.
The lumbosacral plexus of the dromedary was found to be almost identical to that of the horse; some similarities with cattle were observed. 相似文献
The lumbosacral plexus was compared with that of the horse, other ruminants, pig, and carnivores. The origin, course, and distribution of the various branches of the cranial part of the plexus are described in detail.
The lumbosacral plexus of the dromedary was found to be almost identical to that of the horse; some similarities with cattle were observed. 相似文献
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Paulo Ricardo Dell'Armelina Rocha Andrea Bertuglia Elena Biasibetti Michela Bullone Alfonso Rosamilia Loretta Masoero Maria Teresa Capucchio 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014
Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is a rare, benign, intracranial neoplasm. The present report described a choroid plexus papilloma of the fourth ventricle with unusual proliferative reaction of ependymal/subependymal cells in a stallion. A single, soft neoformation, red-gray in color, with an irregular surface, resembling a cauliflower, expanding from the fourth ventricle to the cerebellar peduncles was observed. Microscopically, the neoformation was composed of a single layer of simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium with a well-vascularized papillary-arboriform pattern. Multifocal subependymal aggregates forming rosettes were observed near the mesencephalic aqueduct (MA). Glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein (GFAP) was markedly positive only in the neuropil adjacent to the proliferative areas of the MA. Ependymal/subependymal reactions secondary to CPP have never been described in equine or human neuropathology. The capabilities of ependymal cells to regenerate and eventually proliferate are controversial and unclear and, thus, require additional investigation to understand the adaptive mechanisms of this rare pathogenic condition. 相似文献
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运用常规组织学技术和免疫组织化学SP法对山羊胎儿脑室脉络丛的组织发生及发育过程中神经生长因子(nerve growth factor，NGF)和其受体TrKA的表达进行了详细观察，结果显示：山羊胎儿脑室脉络丛最初是由脑泡上皮凸出形成简单的褶、而后形成复杂的分支，上皮由假复层柱状向单层柱状过渡、最后变为单层立方上皮，上皮细胞形态由柱状变为立方、个体逐渐变小，在发育各时期上皮顶端均可见到嗜酸性的刷状缘。在各发育阶段的脑室脉络丛上皮存在．NGF及其受体TrKA的规律性表达，反应产物的亚细胞定位略有不同，NGF主要定位于胞核、尤以核膜着色更甚，TrKA则主要定位于核膜。脉络丛上皮内源性NGF的功能可能涉及两方面，一是对脑室脉络丛上皮细胞的发育成熟起营养作用；另一方面分泌产物可进入脑脊液并通过脑脊液循环对脑的发育发挥调节作用。 相似文献
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This study examined the plexus lumbalis and its branches in the sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus). Fifteen sparrowhawks were used in this study. After administering an anaesthetic to the birds, the body cavities were opened. The birds were fixed with formaldehyde after draining of the blood. The nerves of the plexus lumbalis were dissected separately and photographed. The plexus lumbalis was formed by the union of the branches of the synsacral spinal nerves, which left from the ventrolaterale of os lumbosacrale. The plexus consisted of three (2nd, 3rd and 4th) synsacral spinal nerves. The cranial and caudal nerves originating from the plexus lumbalis were the nervus cutaneous femoris, nervus coxalis cranialis, nervus femoralis, nervus saphenus and nervus obturatorius. The general macroanatomical shape of the plexus lumbalis and the distribution of the nerves originating from this plexus were similar to those of other bird species. 相似文献
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The expression of calbindin D-28k (CB), calretinin (CR), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the stomach myenteric plexus of the Korean native goat stomach was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated the presence of nerve fibers and cell bodies immunoreactive (IR) to CB, CR, SP and CGRP. In tissues of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum, some distinct neuronal populations could be distinguished according to their morphologic and neuronal chemical properties: Dogiel type I cells which have irregular lamellar dendrites and a single axon, Dogiel type II cells which have large ovoid cell bodies and several long axon-like processes, and small filamentous interneurons. CB-, CR-, SP- and CGRP-IR neurons and fibers were observed in the myenteric plexus of stomach, and varicose nerve fiber immunostained to SP and CGRP also were found in the muscle layer. In myenteric plexus of the stomach, CB- and SP-positive neurons were characterized by Dogiel type II and CR-IR neurons were classified Dogiel type I with lamellar dendrites, and immunoreactivity of CGRP was very weak in the somata. SP- and CGRP-IR nerve fibers formed dense networks within the myenteric ganglia. SP-IR cell bodies and their fibers were found in the myenteric plexus, and the immunoreactivity and number of cell bodies were more than CB-, CR-, and CGRP-IR neurons. These results suggest that SP, CGRP, CB and CR in the myenteric neurons of Korean native goat stomach may have play an important role in the dynamic movement.
(Support contributed by: Korean Research Foundation 2003-015-E00195). 相似文献
(Support contributed by: Korean Research Foundation 2003-015-E00195). 相似文献
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不同年龄山羊小肠肌间神经丛NOS神经元形态和分布的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用NADPH-黄递酶组织化学方法对15日龄、4月龄和12月龄山羊小肠肌间神经丛中NOS阳性神经元形态和分布进行了比较研究。结果显示，山羊小肠肌间神经丛中NOS阳性神经元和阳性神经纤维形成清晰的三级网状结构，NOS阳性神经元形态各异，聚集在一起构成大小不等的神经节。神经丛中NOS阳性神经元的密度随年龄增长而降低，3个年龄段（从小到大）分别为27．07、20．80、16．18个／mm^2；神经元总数增加，分别为1．86×10^6、4．06×10^6、4．41×10^6个；在各个年龄小肠NOS阳性神经元密度均以空肠较低，神经元总数在各年龄均以空肠最多；山羊小肠肌间神经丛NOS阳性神经元胞体面积、胞核面积发育前期增加，后期减小；核质比随年龄下降，15日龄与4月龄和12月龄之间差异显著（P〈0．05）．小肠不同肠段的NOS神经元胞体、胞核面积分布随年龄出现一定变化，相同年龄小肠各段神经元核质比差异不显著（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
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概述了昆虫信息激素的种类。着重就桑蚕信息激素(桑蚕醇、桑蚕醛)的结构和理化性质，信息激素的感受机制，电生理反应和嗅觉感受的学说，以及对桑蚕信息激素的扩散和雄蛾最终找到雌蛾的机制作了论述。 相似文献
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引言 工业配合饲料产业是动物源食品产业链的重要一环,良好管理规范对于生产安全饲料和安全食品这一产业链的每个阶段--从上游生产到最后加工阶段的都至关重要.因此,饲料和食品链的生产企业有责任推行良好的操作规范以确保所生产的产品安全性. 相似文献