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1.
We have reported that the roots of figleaf gourd（Cucurbita ficifolia,as rootstock） could improve the resistance of cucumber seedlings（Cucumis sativus L.cv.Jinyan 4,as scion） to 6 h stress at low temperature and low irradiance [1].In this experiment,the relationship between the mineral elements uptake and photosynthetic activity of photosystems in figleaf gourd and cucumber seedlings were to be studied during lowtemperature（8 C） stress under lowirradiance（100 μmol m-2 s-1 PFD） for 5 days.Compared with control seedlings,the maximal photochemical efficiency of PS2（Fv/Fm） and the oxidizable P700（P700＋） of both figleaf gourd and cucumber seedlings decreased,and both Fv/Fm and P700＋ were lower in cucumber leaves than in figleaf gourd seedlings at the end of the stress.Superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity was higher in both leaves and roots of figleaf gourd than in leaves and roots of cucumber at both room temperature and low temperature.However,the product rate of O 2 was lower in figleaf gourd leaves than in cucumber leaves.Upon exposure to the stress,the malondialdehyde（MDA） content increased markedly in leaves and roots of figleaf gourd and cucumber seedlings,and it grewfaster in cucumber seedlings than that in figleaf gourd seedlings.Under adaptive conditions,some mineral elements（Such as Cu,Zn,Mn and Mg） have different contents in leaves and roots between figleaf gourd seedlings and cucumber seedlings.However,at the end of the stress these elements were accumulated apparently in both leaves and roots of figleaf gourd accompanied by no obvious change in cucumber seedlings.  相似文献   

2.
A greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine plant growth,reactive oxygen species(ROS) metabolism in roots and functions of plasma membrane(PM) and tonoplast in cucumber seedlings(Cucumis sativus L.cv.Xintaimici) treated with 40 μmol L-1 CuSO 4.5H2O,which were either ungrafted or grafted onto the rootstock(Cucurbita ficifolia).Cu treatment inhibited growth,induced significant accumulation of H2O2 and led to serious lipid peroxidation in cucumber roots,and the ROS-scavenging enzymes activities in grafted seedlings roots were significantly higher than that of ungrafted plants,thus less accumulation in grafted cucumber roots induced by Cu.As a result,lipid peroxidation in roots decreased.Furthermore,the activities of H+-ATPase,H+-PPase and Ca2+-ATPase in PM and/or tonoplast in grafted cucumber seedlings under Cu stress were obviously higher than that in ungrafted plants,resulting into higher ability in grafted plants to expulse the excess H+,promote the cytoplasm alkalinization,regulate the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and brought the cytoplasma concentration of free Ca2+ to extremely low level under Cu stress.  相似文献   

3.
The effects of excess Mn on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in cucumber roots under different pH （pH 4.5 and 6.5） were studied. The results indicated that lipid peroxidation was increasingly serious with the increased concentration of Mn, especially under low pH. As a result, the growth of cucumber roots and shoots was significantly inhibited. Excess Mn led to an elevation in activities of Mn-SOD and Fe-SOD, which played an important role in removing O2^-. CAT was sensitive to excess Mn, and its activity significantly decreased under excess Mn and low pH, while activities of GPX, APX, DHAR and GR increased under low pH and to some extent under excess Mn, which indicated their important roles in scavenging reactive oxygen in tolerance to low pH and excess Mn of cucumber roots.  相似文献   

4.
The gene expression patterns of antioxidative enzymes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruits at four different maturity stages, immature (3-8 d after anthesis (DAA), mature (9-16 DAA), breaker (17-22 DAA), and yellow (35-40 DAA), were determined before and after cold storage at 2°C for 9 d and after subsequent rewarming at 20°C for 2 d. The electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content in cucumber fruits were increased after cold storage and subsequent rewarming. Increased expressions of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and monodehydroascorbate reductase after cold storage played an important role in cucumber fruits to cope with chilling injury. The elevated cyt-superoxide dismutase, catalase, APX and dehydroascorbate reductase after subsequent rewarming in cucumber fruits facilitated the recovery from chilling stress. The highest expression levels of all the seven antioxidative enzyme genes in yellow fruits might be responsible for the enhanced chilling tolerance. Cucumber fruits at earlier developmental stages was more susceptible to chilling stress than those at later stages. The relative higher gene expressions of antioxidative enzymes genes at earlier developmental stages may be the responses to the sever oxidative stress caused by chilling injury.  相似文献   

5.
The combined effects of salinity with low root zone temperature （RZT） on plant growth and photosynthesis were studied in tomato （Solanum lycopersicum） plants. The plants were exposed to two different root zone temperatures （28/20℃, 12/8℃, day/night temperature） in combination with two NaC1 levels （0 and 100 mmol L-l）. After 2 wk of treatment, K＋ and Na~ concentration, leaf photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. Salinity significantly decreased plant biomass, net photosynthesis rate, actual quantum yield of photosynthesis and concentration of K＋, but remarkably increased the concentration of Na＋. These effects were more pronounced when the salinity treatments were combined with the treatment of low RZT conditions. Either salinity or low RZT individually did not affect maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry （Fv/Fm）, while a combination of these two stresses decreased Fv/Fm considerably, indicating that the photo-damage occurred under such conditions. Non-photochemical quenching was increased by salt stress in accompany with the enhancement of the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle, in contrast, this was not the case with low RZT applied individually. Salinity stress individually increased the activities of SOD, APX, GPOD and GR, and decreased the activities of DHAR. Due to the interactive effects of salinity with low RZT, these five enzyme activities increased sharply in the combined stressed plants. These results indicate that low RZT exacerbates the ion imbalance, PSII damage and photosynthesis inhibition in tomato plants under salinity. In response to the oxidative stress under salinity in combination with low RZT, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, APX, GPOD, DHAR and GR were clearly enhanced in tomato plants.  相似文献   

6.
The effects of acetylsalicylic acid （ASA）, CaCl2, and ASA ＋ CaCl2 on the photosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated in chrysanthemum Jinba （a cut flower cultivar） under low temperature stress with low light （TL stress） （16/12℃, day/night, PFD 100 μmol m^-2 s-1）. The results showed that under TL stress, the net photosynthesis rate （Pn）, carboxylation efficiency （CE）, apparent quantum yield （AQY）, maximal photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm） of PSII, quantum yield of PSII electron transport （ФPSII）, and photochemical quenching （qP） of the chrysanthemum leaves in all treatments were significantly decreased, but the decreases were alleviated by ASA, CaCl2, and ASA ＋ CaCl2 treatments compared with the controls. The alleviating effect of ASA ＋ CaCI2 was better than either ASA or CaCl2 single treatment. Moreover, the ASA ＋ CaCl2 treatment highly improved the chlorophyll content, relatively improved the number and size of chloroplast and starch grain in the leaves of chrysanthemum plants compared with ASA and CaCl2 treatments. It was indicated that ASA and/or CaCI2 could regulate the photosynthetic functions in the leaves of chrysanthemum plants to enhance the resistance against TL stress. On the other hand, reduction in relative conductance rate implied that ASA and/ or CaCl2 could protect from membrane injury in leaves of chrysanthemum plants. The activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in the treated leaves of chrysanthemum were increased as compared with the controls. It was suggested that ASA and/or CaCl2 had positive regulation effects on the defence enzyme activities in chrysanthemum leaves which could protect the photosynthetic apparatus to a certain degree under the TL stress. In brief, the treatment of ASA together with CaCl2 was better for chrysanthemum plants to adapt TL stress than single ASA or CaCl2 treatments.  相似文献   

7.
The aim of the study is to determine whether grafting could improve antioxidant enzyme activities and polyamine contents in leaves of cucumber plants（Cucumis sativus L.cv.Xintaimici） under copper stress.Grafted（using Cucurbita ficifolia as rootstock） and ungrafted cucumber seedlings were cultured in deep flow technique（DFT） with the Cu2＋ concentration of 40 μmol L-1.The results showed that on the 9th day of copper stress treatment,the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA） and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）,superoxide radical（） producing rate,and electrolyte leakage percentage were significantly lower in grafted seedlings in comparison to those of the ungrafted seedlings,whereas the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase（SOD,EC 1.15.1.1）,peroxidase（POD,EC 1.11.1.7）,ascorbate peroxidase（APX,EC 1.11.1.11）,catalase（CAT,EC 1.11.1.6）,glutathione reductase（GR,EC 1.6.4.2）,and monodehydroascorbate reductase（MDHAR,EC 1.6.5.4） of grafted seedlings were also significantly higher than that of ungrafted seedlings,and the contents of free proline and soluble protein of grafted seedlings were significantly higher than that of ungrafted seedlings.Cu2＋ treatment increased the putrescine（Put） level and lowered the spermidine（Spd） and spermine（Spm） levels,thereby reducing the Put/（Spd ＋ Spm） ratio in leaves of grafted and ungrafted seedlings.Grafting markedly reversed these Cu-induced effects for all three PAs and partially restored the Put/（Spd ＋ Spm） ratio in leaves.These results suggest that grafting can enhance the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to Cu2＋ stress by increasing the activities of antioxidants and the levels of endogenous Spd and Spm,decreasing the Put/（Spd ＋ Spm） ratio and the levels of ROS,promoting free proline and soluble protein synthesis in cucumber seedling leaves.  相似文献   

8.
[Objective] This study to aimed to investigate the effects of Cu stress on root exudates and microbial activities in rhizosphere of grafted and ungrafted cucum-ber seedlings, and therefore to elucidate the microbial mechanism of grafting for in-creasing cucumber plants tolerance to Cu stress [Method] Four treatments： （1） un-grafted seedlings ＋ test soil （U0）; （2） ungrafted seedlings ＋ test soil ＋ CuSO4·5H2O （U1）; （3） grafted seedlings ＋ test soil （G0）; （4） grafted seedlings ＋ test soil ＋ Cu-SO4·5H2O （G1） were set in the pot culture experiment. The contents of free amino acids, organic acids, phenolic acid and sugars, microbial population and enzyme ac-tivity in the four treatment were measured, respectively. [Result] The secretion of amino acids and organic acids were increased under Cu stress. The amino acids secretions of grafted seedlings roots were obviously higher than ungrafted seedlings except for Phe and Val. At the same time, the secretion of oxalic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, cinnamic acid, ρ-hydroxybenzoic acid and benzoic acid of grafted seedlings were significantly higher than ungrafted seedlings as wel . There-fore, more Cu2＋ were restricted in soil by chelating, complexing and precipitation with root exudates, and its toxicity was decreased. The soil microbial biomass C and N in grafted cucumber rhizosphere were significantly higher than those in ungrafted cu-cumber rhizosphere, whereas basal respiration and metabolic quotient were signifi-cantly lower. Under Cu stress, the numbers of actinomyces and nitrogen fixing bac-teria decreased and the number of fungi increased significantly, whereas there was no significant difference in amounts of bacteria. The numbers of bacteria, actino-myces, and nitrogen fixing bacteria in grafted cucumber rhizosphere were significant-ly higher than those in ungrafted cucumber rhizosphere, but the number of fungi was opposite. The activities of soil urease, phosphatase, sucrase and catalase in grafted cucumber rhizosphere were significantly higher than those in ungrafted cu-cumber rhizosphere. [Conclusion] These indicated that the soil microbial environment and soil enzymes activities were improved by grafting under Cu stress, and as a re-sult, the adaptability of cucumber to Cu stress was improved.  相似文献   

9.
[Objective] The mRNA expression level changes of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase(SAMS)under low temperature stress was studied.[Method]Total RNA were extracted from leaves,stem and earthnut of sweet potato 0,12,24,48 and 72 h after low temperature treatement.mRNA expression level was analyzed by reverse expression and Real-time PCR technique.[Result]The expression quality of the gene extracted from leaves,stem and earthnut increased and the expression quality reached the peak point 24,72 and 72 h after low temperature treatment respectively.The expression change of earthnut was the biggest.[Conclusion]Low temperature was good for increasing mRNA expression of relevart genes.  相似文献   

10.
An experiment was carried out to determine plant growth, mineral uptake, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes, and antioxidant of cucumber plants （Cucumis sativus L. cv. Xintaimici） under copper stress, either ungrafted or grafted onto the rootstock （Cucurbitaficifolia）. Excess Cu inhibited growth, photosynthesis, and pigment synthesis of grafted and ungrafted cucumber seedlings and significantly increased accumulation of Cu in roots besides reducing mineral uptake. Cu concentration in roots of grafted cucumber plants was significantly higher than that of ungrafted plants and obviously lower in leaves. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） significantly increased in cucumber leaves under Cu stress and resulted in lipid peroxidation, and the levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation were greatly decreased by grafting. Activities of protective enzymes （superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; dehydroascorbate reductase, DHAR; glutathione reductase, GR） and the contents of ascorbate and glutathione in leaves of grafted plants were significantly higher than those of ungrafted plants under Cu stress. Better performance of grafted cucumber plants were attributed to the higher ability of Cu accumulation in their roots, better nutrient status, and the effective scavenging system of ROS.  相似文献   

11.
 【目的】探讨Cu2＋、Zn2＋和Mn2＋在黄瓜幼苗抗冷中的作用。【方法】以自根和嫁接黄瓜幼苗为试材,研究了用含有不同（Cu2＋+Zn2＋+Mn2＋）整体浓度营养液育苗对幼苗叶片Cu、Zn和Mn含量、低温胁迫下超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及其同工酶活性和电解质渗漏率的影响。【结果】提高营养液（Cu2＋+Zn2＋+Mn2＋）整体浓度,自根黄瓜幼苗叶片Cu、Zn和Mn含量显著增加,低温胁迫下其SOD、Mn-SOD及Cu/Zn-SOD活性均显著增强,且低温胁迫时间越长活性增强越显著,Fe-SOD活性和电解质渗漏率则显著降低;降低营养液（Cu2＋+Zn2＋+Mn2＋）整体浓度培育嫁接黄瓜幼苗的结果则与之相反。【结论】Cu、Zn和Mn在黄瓜幼苗抗冷性中具有重要作用。以黑籽南瓜为砧木嫁接的黄瓜,根系吸收Cu2＋、Zn2＋和Mn2＋能力较强是其抗冷性增强的内在因素之一;自根黄瓜幼苗叶片Cu、Zn和Mn含量和SOD活性因营养液（Cu2＋+Zn2＋+Mn2＋）整体浓度升高而升高,从而增强其抗冷性。  相似文献   

12.
李涛  高俊杰  于贤昌 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(33):20343-20345
[目的]研究低浓度Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋营养液育苗对嫁接黄瓜叶片Mn、Cu和Zn含量,冷胁迫下SOD及其同工酶活性及电解质渗漏率的影响。[方法]用含有低浓度Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋营养液培育嫁接黄瓜幼苗,然后进行冷处理。[结果]降低营养液Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋浓度,嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片SOD活性降低,电解质渗漏率增大,其中以Mn2＋浓度降低对SOD活性和电解质渗漏率的影响最大,Cu2＋次之,Zn2＋影响最小。[结论]可以通过改变营养液中Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋含量进而改变黄瓜的抗冷性。  相似文献   

13.
李涛  高俊杰  于贤昌 《农业科学与技术》2011,(11):1625-1627,1679
[目的]研究低浓度Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋营养液育苗对嫁接黄瓜叶片Mn、Cu和Zn含量,冷胁迫下SOD及其同工酶活性及电解质渗漏率的影响。[方法]用含有低浓度Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋营养液培育嫁接黄瓜幼苗,然后进行冷处理。[结果]降低营养液Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋浓度,嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片SOD活性降低,电解质渗漏率增大,其中以Mn2＋浓度降低对SOD活性和电解质渗漏率的影响最大,Cu2＋次之,Zn2＋影响最小。[结论]可以通过改变营养液中Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋含量进而改变黄瓜的抗冷性。  相似文献   

14.
高锰胁迫与低pH对黄瓜根系氧化胁迫和抗氧化酶的复合效应   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  
 以黄瓜为材料，研究了pH 6.5和pH 4.5条件下高锰胁迫对根系氧化胁迫和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明，随着锰浓度的提高，黄瓜根系膜脂过氧化产物MDA的含量呈明显的上升趋势，降低pH进一步加剧了膜脂过氧化程度，导致黄瓜的根系和地上部生长均受到明显抑制。高锰胁迫下Mn-SOD和Fe-SOD活性增加，在清除O2-·方面发挥重要作用。CAT对高锰胁迫比较敏感，高锰和低pH处理导致其活性明显下降，而GPX以及抗坏血酸－谷胱甘肽循环过程中的重要酶类APX、DHAR和GR在低pH和一定范围的高锰处理下活性上升，对降低高锰胁迫下活性氧伤害具有重要作用。  相似文献   

15.
采用水培试验探索不同浓度(0 mg/L、5 mg/L、30 mg/L和60 mg/L)Cu2+或Cd2+胁迫(24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h)后对小麦幼根超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响,并通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, Real-time Q-PCR)检测Cu/ZnSOD基因表达。结果表明,Cu2+胁迫处理72 h后,各处理SOD活性均较对照极显著提高(P<0.01),且30 mg/L浓度下SOD酶活性最高,是对照的3.67倍;而Cd2+胁迫处理后,幼根SOD活性整体呈现“升-降-升”的趋势,胁迫前期酶活性的降低程度与Cd2+浓度成正比,至72 h酶活性最低。Cd2+胁迫条件下Cu/ZnSOD的表达量明显高于Cu2+胁迫。不同时间Cu2+胁迫下,Cu/ZnSOD基因表达均呈现5 mg/L浓度处理高于60 mg/L和30 mg/L,表明低浓度促进而高浓度抑制该基因表达;而对于Cd2+胁迫,Cu/ZnSOD基因随浓度的升高和时间的延长呈现明显下降趋势,至96 h最低。本实验结果表明,Cu2+、Cd2+胁迫处理后浓度对基因表达的影响较大。该结果为深入探讨重金属胁迫下小麦幼根中SOD特性的研究提供理论参考和技术支持。  相似文献   

16.
以黄瓜幼苗为试材,研究了冷胁迫下高浓度Mn2+、Cu2+或Zn2+营养液对黄瓜幼苗叶片Mn、Cu和Zn含量、SOD及其同工酶活性、电解质渗漏率的影响.结果表明:低温胁迫下,分别单独提高营养液Mn2+、Cu2+或Zn2+浓度均可使黄瓜幼苗叶片SOD活性增加,电解质渗漏率减小,其中Mn2+的作用最大,Cu2+次之,Zn2+最小.  相似文献   

17.
Cu2+、pb2+、Zn2+在狗牙根中的迁移模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以模拟江水—狗牙根构成的有机体系为研究对象,通过动态模拟试验,研究了外源重金属Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+单一及复合处理时对狗牙根生长及重金属在狗牙根中的富集迁移情况。研究结果表明:低浓度的Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+对狗牙根生长有利,较高浓度时对其生长有抑制作用;复合处理表明,在狗牙根的生长方面,Cu2+与Pb2+、Zn2+之间存在协同作用,Pb2+、Zn2+之间存在拮抗作用;狗牙根主要通过根、茎富集重金属离子,随着处理浓度的增加,迁移富集量逐渐增大,狗牙根中重金属离子的迁移能力表现为Pb2+>Zn2+>Cu2+,迁移富集量根>茎;重金属在狗牙根中的迁移富集过程中,Cu2+对Pb2+、Zn2+,Pb2+、Zn2+相互之间存在拮抗作用;狗牙根能明显降低江水中的Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+的含量,是环境修复优良物种。  相似文献   

18.
外源Spd对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长和活性氧代谢的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
以黄瓜品种津春2号为材料,采用营养液栽培,研究了外源亚精胺(Spd)对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长、活性氧代谢和抗氧化酶基因表达的影响。结果表明,NaCl胁迫下,黄瓜幼苗超氧阴离子自由基(O.2-)产生速率、H2O2含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和电解质渗透率显著升高,而株高、茎粗和生物量显著下降;盐胁迫下喷施Spd明显上调了Cu/Zn-超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)基因的表达,提高了SOD、POD活性,显著降低了黄瓜幼苗O.2-产生速率、H2O2含量、MDA含量和电解质渗透率,且植株株高、茎粗和干鲜重下降幅度降低。表明外源Spd可通过上调盐胁迫下Cu/Zn-SOD和POD基因的表达,使SOD和POD酶活性升高,有效清除活性氧,从而缓解膜脂过氧化伤害,进而缓解盐胁迫对植株生长的抑制。  相似文献   

19.
The growth situation and peroxidase (POD) of seedlings of two tomato cultivars were investigated under the stress of different concentrations of Cu2+ and Cd2+. The toxicity differences of Cu2+ and Cd2+ to tomato seedlings and the corresponding differences between two tomato cultivars were observed through the stress trial with the above two heavy metal ions. The results showed that low concentration of Cu2+ and Cd2+ could promote the growth and could enhance the POD activity of tomato seedlings,while high concentration Cu2+ and Cd2+ could inhibit seedling growth and POD activity of tomato seedlings. Cd2+ functioned more obviously than that of Cu2+,two tomato cultivars also presented difference in response to heavy metal stress.  相似文献   

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