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1.
The effects of high-temperature stress on the germination of pollen grains of upland cotton during square development 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The reproductive stage of flowering plants is sensitive to high-temperature stresses. High temperature is a major factor influencing pollen grain viability in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between cotton pollen germination percentage and temperature by assaying the pollen germination of four upland cotton cultivars in vitro at different temperatures during the blooming period. The results showed that in vitro pollen germination percentage was related to the culture temperature of pollen germination and the temperature of the square development process. High temperature affected pollen development and germination, and high-temperature tolerance differed among the cotton cultivars. The pollen germination percentage decreased rapidly with changes in the culture temperature from 30 to 39 °C. A culture temperature of 35 °C might be a critical temperature for the pollen viability transition and could be used to screen cotton cultivars that have pollen grains with high-temperature resistance. Before the high-temperature stage, cultivars with rates of decrease in the percentage of pollen germination of less than 41 % at 35 °C relative to the rates at 30 °C might be considered as high-temperature tolerance cultivars, and cultivars with rates of decrease in the percentage of pollen germination greater than 41 % might be considered as susceptible cultivars. The high-temperature stress for pollen grain germination in vitro was greater than 30 °C, and the high-temperature stress for square development might be greater than 33 °C. Boll retention was significant; it was positively correlated with the pollen germination percentage and negatively correlated with temperature during the high-temperature stage. This study provided a method for rapidly screening cultivars (lines) with high-temperature tolerance pollen in upland cotton breeding. 相似文献
2.
S. Fahad S. Hussain S. Saud F. Khan S. Hassan Amanullah W. Nasim M. Arif F. Wang J. Huang 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2016,202(2):139-150
Increasing temperature due to global warming has emerged one of the gravest threats to rice production. This study examined the influence of high temperature and exogenously applied plant growth regulators on pollen fertility, anther dehiscence, pollen germination and metabolites synthesis in pollens of two rice cultivars (IR‐64 and Huanghuazhan (HHZ)). Plants were subjected to high day temperature (HDT), high night temperature (HNT) and control temperature (CT) in controlled growth chambers. Four different combinations of ascorbic acid (Vc), alpha‐tocopherol (Ve), brassinosteroids (Br), methyl jasmonates (MeJA) and triazoles (Tr) were used along with a nothing applied control. Our results depicted that high temperature severely reduced the pollen fertility, anther dehiscence, pollen retention, germination and metabolites synthesis in pollens of both rice cultivars. Nonetheless, exogenous application of various plant growth regulators assuaged the adverse effects of high temperature and Vc + Ve + MeJA + Br was found the best combination than the other treatments for every studied characteristic. The HNT posed more negative effects than the HDT. Variations were also apparent between cultivars and HHZ performed better than IR‐64 under high‐temperature stress, with higher pollen fertility, better anther dehiscence, and greater pollen retention and germination rates. The greater tolerance of HHZ to high temperature was related with the higher synthesis of metabolites in this cultivar. 相似文献
3.
花期高温胁迫对水稻花药生理特性及花粉性状的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为探明花期高温胁迫对水稻花器官的影响机制,以耐热水稻品系996和热敏感水稻品系4628为材料,在人工气候室进行高温(8:00~17:00,37℃;17:00~次日8:00,30℃)和适温处理(8:00~17:00, 30℃;17:00~次日8:00,25℃), 研究高温胁迫对水稻花药抗氧化酶活性、膜透性、MDA含量及花粉性状等生理特性的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫下,水稻花药中SOD、POD、CAT、AsA-POD活性在高温胁迫初期均明显增加,尔后快速下降,耐热品系996这四种酶活性增幅大于热敏感品系4628;热敏感品系4628花药中MDA含量和膜透性在高温胁迫下增幅大于耐热性品系996;高温胁迫导致花药开裂、花粉萌发率和柱头上花粉粒数的显著下降,花粉粒直径增大。但耐热品系996的前3项参数显著高于热敏感品系4628。高温胁迫下水稻花药中保持较高抗氧化酶活性、较好的花粉散落特性和花粉萌发特性及较低的膜透性和MDA含量,是品种耐高温的生理基础。 相似文献
4.
Summary Comparative studies were made of the pollen characteristics of triticale, wheat, and rye. Measurements were made of the anther length, width, and percent extrusion; pollen viability; size and number of pollen grains per anther; and dispersal on 10-mm2 slide area pollen traps. Triticale anthers were intermediate in length between and significantly different from both wheat and rye. Rye pollen grains per anther were four and two times greater in number than those of wheat and triticale, respectively. Pollen viability was not significantly different between species. Rye pollen grains were smaller than those of wheat and of some triticale cultivars. Simple correlations between anther length and anther width, pollen grains per anther, pollen grain trapped per 10 mm2 slide area, and plant height were significantly positive. 相似文献
5.
Nalini Mallikarjuna Deepak R. Jadhav Sandhya Srikanth Kulbhushan B. Saxena 《Euphytica》2011,182(1):65-71
Cajanus platycarpus, a distantly related wild species, was successfully crossed with cultivated pigeonpea using embryo rescue and tissue culture
techniques. Advance generation lines showed a range of desirable characters including cytoplasmic male sterility. A range
of pigeonpea cultivars restored fertility and was maintained by a few lines including cultivar ICPL 85010. Clasmogamous flowers
were observed in the male sterile lines. In such flowers anthers did not form di-adlephous bundle. Cytological analysis revealed
that meiosis proceeded normally till the tetrad stage in those anthers with pollen grains. After which many of the pollen
grains turned sterile. In the anthers with pollen grains, dehiscence was not observed, thus creating functional sterility.
In many other anthers, pollen mother cells (PMCs) were not formed at all, giving rise to sepalous anthers. In conclusion two
mechanisms of male sterility existed, one was premeiotic, where PMCs did not form and in the second, although PMCs gave rise
to pollen grains, they were either partially or totally sterile accompanied by non-dehiscence of anther wall. 相似文献
6.
水稻抽穗期高温胁迫对不同品种受粉和受精作用的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
水稻抽穗期高温障碍导致结实性降低已经成为长江中下游水稻的重要自然灾害之一。以现代常规粳稻、三系杂交籼稻和两系法杂交籼稻为试料,研究了抽穗期高温处理对现代水稻品种和组合受精率的影响。现代粳型品种表现出较好的抽穗期高温耐性;杂交稻特别是两系杂交稻抽穗期高温耐性相对较弱,抽穗期39℃的高温胁迫下,受精率几乎接近于零;在杂交稻中,汕优63在较轻高温胁迫下表现较好耐性,但在较强的高温胁迫下高温耐性迅速下降。相同处理下抽穗期高温耐性在品种间有较大差异。2个两系超级杂交稻的单药花粉数均在1750粒以上,数量最多,宁粳1号数量最少,为979.8粒药-1。总体趋势为杂交稻多于常规稻,籼型品种多于粳型品种,分析表明单药花粉数与高温耐性不相关。高温胁迫导致花药开裂系数显著下降,宁粳1号在较强的高温胁迫条件下还能维持一定程度的纵裂率,开花后柱头上花粉数量相对较多。可见水稻抽穗期高温耐性与花粉生产能力无关,与花药开裂和柱头捕获的花粉量关系较大。 相似文献
7.
Establishment of reliable methods of in vitro pollen germination and pollen preservation of Brassica rapa (syn. B. campestris) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A simple and reliable method for evaluating the viability of Brassica pollen was established in which the in vitro germination
rate of pollen was adopted as the index of the viability of pollen grains. Pollen grains were preincubated in an atmosphere
in which the relative humidity (RH) was fixed to 52% or 66% at 20 °C for 5 hours. They were cultured for 16 hours at 25 °C
in a liquid Kwack's medium (1964) supplemented with 20% sucrose, and the pH was adjusted to 8.0. They were then observed under
a microscope and the number of germinating and unchanged pollen grains were counted. The germination rate of pollen was improved
and stabilized by preincubation and the use of a high pH medium. More than 90% of the freshly harvested pollen grains of Brassica
rapa (syn. B. campestris) germinated constantly in these conditions Undehisced anthers were collected from flowers at anthesis
and dehydrated by incubation at 20 °C for 16–24 hours in an atmosphere where the RH was fixed to 15% or 32%. They were put
into a plastic vial and preserved in a freezer at -20 °C. The germination percentage of the preserved pollen was scored at
intervals during preservation. The germination rate of the pollen grains preserved at -20°C for 1 year was higher than 50%
and the pollen proved to be efficient for seed set. Most of the seeds germinated normally.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
以陆地棉品种苏棉22号的花粉为材料,研究棉花花粉粒脱外壁和检测花粉粒内部核DNA状态的方法。花粉粒经4%多聚甲醛固定后,通过10%次氯酸钠水溶液氧化、55℃热激30 min、压片等系列程序可将花粉粒的外壁完全脱去,分离出完整的脱外壁花粉粒。用DNA荧光染料DAPI分别对陆地棉花粉粒和脱外壁花粉粒进行染色,在荧光显微镜和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察花粉粒的内部核结构。没有脱外壁的花粉粒的内部核结构难以被观察到,而脱外壁花粉粒的核DNA结构清晰可见,内壁几乎无荧光。首次发现陆地棉的成熟花粉粒为三核花粉粒。 相似文献
9.
Summary Factors favouring callus proliferation and subsequent regeneration of plants from pollen grains of rice anthers (Oryza sativa L., cvx. Bahia, Girona, Balilla × Sollana and Sequial) were determined. Cultivar differences in response were found, such as a high rate of haploid plant regeneration.In addition, isolated pollen grain culture was used to induce tissue proliferation outside the anther walls. The frequency of callus formation from isolated pollen grains was very low. It was necessary to preculture the anthers before pollen grain separation, in order to accomplish a successful development later. Root differentiation was observed in some of the obtained callus. 相似文献
10.
PIF4属于PIF家族(PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS FAMILY),是一个响应温度变化的关键性转录因子,广泛参与植物热信号传导和激素信号通路。本研究从陆地棉‘YZ1’中克隆获得GhPIF4基因,亚细胞定位结果表明, GhPIF4是一个核蛋白。qRT-PCR分析和proGhPIF4:GUS转基因棉花GUS染色结果显示, GhPIF4基因在棉花花药中高量表达,且其表达在高温敏感型材料‘H05’中受到高温的显著诱导。在棉花中超量表达GhPIF4,不同的转基因株系表现不同的育性,表达量高的3个转基因系(OE5、OE7和OE19)开花当天的花药不开裂,花粉的活力均低于对照‘YZ1’,而超表达程度略低的OE10,花药正常开裂,花粉活性正常,表明GhPIF4导致的花药败育具有剂量效应。对OE7和OE19在9～14 mm (绒毡层降解期)、14～19 mm (有丝分裂I期)中生长素的含量以及生长素合成关键基因GhTAA1、GhYUC2、GhCYP71A13的表达分析发现基因的表达与生长素含量下降变化一致。推测超表达GhPIF4在花药后期可能部分模拟棉花的高温响应状态,而组成型超表达GhPIF4可能改变了营养器官或早期花药中生长素的含量,亦或花药中生长素含量过低也会导致花药败育。以上结果为深入解析GhPIF4基因功能及了解高温胁迫下棉花花药败育的机制提供参考。 相似文献
11.
Summary Twenty-two promising wheat varieties were studied for their plant height, length of filament, size of anther, number of pollen grains/anther and the extent of pollen shed outside the florets. Plant height and length of filament ranged from 54 cm to 136 cm and 4.5 mm to 11.9 mm, respectively. Taller plants showed a tendency to longer filaments. The number of pollen grains/anther varied from 581 to 2153. This character was particularly correlated with plant height. Tall varieties with more pollen grain/anther shed greater quantities of pollen outside the florets. This was due to longer filaments of most of the tall varieties. The size of anther was also positively correlated with pollen grain/anther. 相似文献
12.
为观察野生茶树雄性不育株开花生物学特性,探讨野生茶树雄性不育表型特征。以野生茶树雄性不育株及可育株为试材,田间观察了野生茶树的开花物候期、单花发育进程和花器形态特征,并采用离体萌发法、染色法测定其花粉活力和柱头可授性。结果表明：野生茶树雄性不育株开花物候期为9月上旬—10月上旬,全花期持续约29~33天,花期与对照材料相近。雄性不育花从花芽分化至花瓣凋谢平均历时约107天,比对照长14天。雄性不育花器结构具有典型的雄不育特征,表现为花冠开展度小,花丝弯曲畸形,花药彼此粘连,皱缩干瘪,不裂药,花药内无花粉或有微量败育花粉。雄性不育花雌性器官发育正常,柱头从开花前1天至开花后4天具有可授性,最佳授粉时间为开花后1天。所调查的野生茶树雄性不育类型属于花药败育型和花粉败育型。 相似文献
13.
14.
Optimum in vitro germination of pollen grain of the avocado cultivars Fuerte, Nabal, Ettinger, Bacon and Zutano occurred at
25 °C. However, there were significant differences between cultivars in percentage germination and relative humidity (RH)
requirements for optimum pollen grain growth. The most sensitive cultivar to relative humidity was Fuerte, in which the germination
of pollen grain rose from 11.4%, at 40% RH, to about 50%, after one hour at 100% RH. The germination% of Nabal pollen grain
was already high at 40% RH and was not increased by higher relative humidity. Increased relative humidity also helped to sustain
the viability of avocado pollen. At 30 °C and 5% RH the pollen grains of Fuerte quickly lost its ability to germinate, at
40% RH for 1 hour, germination was reduced spectacularly compared to pollen kept in saturated with moisture environment where
it was not affected the first 24 hours. The effects of temperature and relative humidity on fruit-set and yield of avocado
are discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
开花期高温胁迫对水稻花粉粒性状及结实率的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探明花期高温胁迫对水稻花器官及结实率的影响。利用人工气候箱在水稻抽穗开花期对特青及其渗入系YIL106进行高温处理,研究结果表明,高温胁迫下热敏感渗入系YIL106的花粉活力、花粉萌发率、柱头上花粉粒数、花药开裂系数和结实率降低幅度均大于耐热品种特青。表明高温胁迫下,水稻的花粉活力、花粉萌发率、柱头上花粉粒数、花药开裂系数、以及结实率都比常温条件下要低,且高温胁迫对热敏感品系的花粉粒性状及结实率影响更大。 相似文献
16.
抽穗开花期不同高温处理对水稻开花习性和结实率的影响 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
为了探明高温胁迫对水稻的伤害机理,利用人工气候箱在水稻抽穗开花期对2个耐热性不同早稻品种进行不同高温处理,研究高温胁迫对水稻开花习性和结实率的影响。结果表明,随着胁迫温度的升高,日开花数减少,日开花峰值降低,开颖角度减小,花粉粒直径增大,花药开裂、花粉活力、柱头活力下降,结实率降低。相关分析表明,2个品种的结实率与花粉活力、花药开裂系数、柱头活力之间均呈显著正相关（R=0.9733*,0.9768*和0.9270*）。水稻抽穗开花期受高温的危害存在品种间差异,相同高温胁迫下,耐热品种996受高温的伤害小于热敏感品种4628。 相似文献
17.
开花期低温胁迫对四川攀西稻区水稻开花结实的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以3种籼稻品种和3种粳稻品种为试验材料, 利用人工气候室在开花期进行低温胁迫处理, 研究了低温胁迫对攀西稻区籼、粳稻开花和结实及两者间关系的影响。结果表明, 开花期低温胁迫下籼稻和粳稻的开花习性、花药和花粉特性和结实表现不同。常规粳稻开花对低温有较高的耐冷性。低温胁迫下籼稻品种(组合)花药体积、花药开裂率、可育花粉率、柱头着花粉数和柱头花粉萌发率较对照降低幅度均比粳稻品种(组合)大; 籼稻品种(组合)各产量构成因素较对照降低幅度比粳稻品种(组合)大。相关分析表明, 结实与水稻花药和花粉主要性状有密切关系。开花期低温胁迫影响花药和花粉发育成熟, 使花药不能正常开裂、散粉不足, 可育花粉率和柱头花粉萌发率降低, 直接影响受精结实, 成为结实率降低的主要原因之一。 相似文献
18.
Summary An investigation was undertaken on the storage characteristics of pollen collected from two English rose cultivars. A rapid decline in viability was observed in pollen stored at +4° C and –20° C, whereas the viability of pollen, stored at ultra-low temperature (–196° C), remained constant. Cryopreserved pollen was shown to retain its ability for fertilisation. The effects of the stage of flower development and anther dehiscence were assessed on both pre-and post-cryopreservation viabilities. Successful long-term storage of pollen will facilitate hybridisation of rose species and cultivars that do not flower synchronously. 相似文献
19.
In this work we address two aspects of eggplant flower biology potentially involved on the efficiency of anther culture: the
selection of the best floral stage to extract anthers for culture, and the effect of heterostyly in the identification of
suitable buds and anthers. For 12 different accessions, we determined morphological criteria (length ranges) to identify buds
and anthers enriched in vacuolate microspores and young bicellular pollen, the stages most responsive to embryogenesis induction.
While these microspore/pollen stages were the most responsive when isolated and cultured in liquid medium, we observed that
culture of anthers containing these stages is not the best choice. Instead, the highest response was found for younger anthers,
containing mostly young and mid microspores. We analyzed eggplant anther walls and found that their particular thickness may
be behind this apparent discrepancy, since they may delay the diffusion of inducing factors to the anther locule, reducing
their effect over inducible microspores. Thus, the culture of younger anthers would allow for younger microspores to grow
up to the inducible stages while factors are entering the locule. We also analyzed the embryogenic response of short and long-styled
buds present in Cristal, a heterostylic cultivar. Our results demonstrated that each floral morph produced buds and anthers
of different lengths, but equally useful for anther culture, since similar amounts of embryos were produced. The practical
application of these results may improve the efficiency of anther culture not only in these cultivars, but in others also
presenting thick anther walls and heterostyly. 相似文献
20.
An investigation was undertaken to develop new stable thermo‐sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) rice lines in intermated progenies (IMPs) of TGMS lines by using an anther clearing technique. The results indicate that both pre‐ and post‐meiotic genetic systems operate during anther development for the expression of sterility in TGMS lines. In all the TGMS lines, sterile anthers were small with empty pollen grains of irregular shape, except for TS 16, which showed pollen‐free anthers. This indicates that the sensitive stage of TS 16 is around stage IV (stamen and pistil primordia) of panicle development. Distinct differences were observed between sterile and fertile phases with respect to anther size, shape and colour of the pollen grains in TS 18 and TS 29. The pollen grains at the sterile phase were small and irregular in shape while in the fertile phase they were plump and larger with a yellow colour, establishing that the occurrence of sterility in TS 18 and TS 29 is post‐meiotic. Three distinct classes of pollen fertility percentage viz. <20%, 50‐70% and >90% were observed in IMPs. Anther clearing in IMPs showed distinct developmental patterns of pollen production with respect to distinct classes of pollen fertility. Less than 20% pollen fertility was observed in hybrids such as TS 15 × TS 16, TS 15 × Co 47, TS 18 × TS 16 and TS 18 × Co 47 which hold promise for developing new TGMS lines with a good plant type and acceptable quality. 相似文献