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为了解植物中特有的转录因子乙烯响应因子(ethylene responsive factor,ERF)在植物诱导抗虫反应中的作用,通过克隆1个水稻ERF转录因子基因OsERF7,并结合分子生物学、反向遗传学及生物测定,探究其在水稻防御褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera为害过程中的作用。结果显示,机械损伤处理与褐飞虱产卵雌成虫为害均能在中后期诱导OsERF7的表达。沉默OsERF7能显著降低水稻上褐飞虱及白背飞虱卵的孵化率,并延长褐飞虱卵的发育历期;与野生型水稻相比,褐飞虱和白背飞虱在沉默突变体品系R1和R30上的卵孵化率分别只有野生型水稻上的62.5%～68.3%和68.0%～76.0%,褐飞虱卵的发育历期则延长0.37～0.45 d。沉默OsERF7不影响褐飞虱产卵雌成虫为害诱导的水稻防御相关信号分子—茉莉酸(JA)、水杨酸(SA)、乙烯(ET)和过氧化氢(H_2O_2)的含量。表明转录因子OsERF7作用于防御相关信号途径的下游,并且负调控水稻对褐飞虱和白背飞虱的抗性。 相似文献
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[目的]初步筛选云南传统水稻品种对白背飞虱的抗、感性差异,为进一步研究白背飞虱的抗虫水稻种质资源奠定基础.[方法]在实验室条件下分析比较了13个来自云南元阳的地方水稻品种抗白背飞虱等级,不同品种对白背飞虱若虫生长发育的影响以及白背飞虱在各个品种上的取食量和产卵差异.[结果]在13个传统品种中,‘红皮糯谷’、‘绿脚谷’和‘车甲谷’无论在苗期还是分蘖期对白背飞虱的抗性等级均较一致.上述品种中,白背飞虱在‘红皮糯谷’、‘绿脚谷’和感虫对照‘TN1'上24 h的蜜露斑面积测定结果均＞45 mm2,单雌产卵量超过90粒,孵化率高于80％;而在‘车甲谷’和抗虫对照‘RHT’上24 h的蜜露斑面积测定结果均＜20 mm2,单雌产卵量均低于60粒,孵化率不足57％.白背飞虱若虫的发育历期在各供试品种之间的差异不明显.[结论]白背飞虱在‘红皮糯谷,和‘绿脚谷’上的取食量、单雌产卵量和孵化率均较高,可以初步确定为感虫品种;而在‘车甲谷,上的取食量、单雌产卵量和孵化率均较低,初步确定属于抗虫品种. 相似文献
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玉米暝赤眼蜂的产卵行为研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文研究了玉米暝赤眼蜂在玫蛾卵及欧洲玉米暝卵上的产卵及辨别寄主行为，表明玉米暝赤蜂在不唾卵上产卵耗时不同，能根据寄主卵大小调节产卵数量；产卵时具有性别控制行为；该蜂可以通过“学习”提高辨别主卵已被寄一与否的能力，并对自身和同种个体间已寄生卵有很强的辨别力；玉米暝为赤眼蜂与广赤眼蜂能辨别相互间寄生的寄主卵。 相似文献
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比较了褐飞虱在2个Bt籼稻纯合品系，即TT9-3、TT9-4，及亲本对照IR72上的取食和产卵行为。结果表明，在选择性条件下，褐飞虱于稻株上的着虫比率在Bt籼稻与对照间无显著差异，而稻株中部和整个叶鞘的取食刺探痕数、产卵选择比率和产卵量则均以Bt籼稻显著为低。在非选择性条件下，稻株叶鞘上的取食刺探痕数在Bt籼稻与对照间无显著差异，而排泄的蜜露量则多以Bt籼稻尤其是TTP9-4显著为少。可见，供试的2个Bt籼稻品系不利于褐飞虱的取食或产卵，表现有抗褐飞虱的能力。 相似文献
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管氏肿腿蜂的寄生与产卵行为研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文研究了管氏肿腿蜂在双条杉天牛幼虫上的产卵行为，其行为过程包括聚集、检验、蛰刺、清理寄主、取食、游走、产卵、休息。在不同寄主上，管氏肿腿蜂卵的分布存在差异：在桑虎天牛幼虫上卵大部分横向排列在寄主体表，两侧和背腹面卵的数量差异极显著；在黄粉虫幼虫体表卵的分布是随机的，卵的排列方向无规律性．从接蜂到产卵，有产卵经验的雌蜂所需的时间显著短于无产卵经验的雌蜂。 相似文献
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本文描述了群聚寄主卵和间隔分布的寄主卵对松毛虫赤眼蜂子代分配的影响。单头雌蜂产卵于群聚寄主卵时,平均每粒寄生卵的子蜂数明显少於单粒寄主卵时的子蜂数,但每头雌蜂所产的总子蜂数和被寄生的寄主卵数随着寄主卵群的卵数增加而增加。表明,雌蜂产卵于群聚寄主卵时能减少在每粒寄主卵中所分配的子蜂数,而增加寄生的寄主卵数目。密度制约是限制每头雌蜂寄生寄主卵数目的因素。在分散的寄主卵中,平均每粒寄生卵的子蜂数随着卵粒间距离增加而增加,但每头雌蜂所产的总子蜂数和被寄生的寄主卵数并没有明显地随着寄主卵粒间的距离大小而改变。可见,在分散寄主卵中,雌蜂的生殖力则是限制每头雌蜂寄生寄主数目的一个重要因素。 相似文献
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草地贪夜蛾对三种杂草的产卵和取食选择性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探索杂草是否可作为草地贪夜蛾产卵和取食的选择对象,本试验以婆婆纳、鹅肠菜和泽漆作为测试植物,比较分析草地贪夜蛾对3种杂草的产卵及取食选择性。结果表明,以3种杂草为选择对象时,婆婆纳上卵块数(14.00块±0.58块)和卵粒数(1 305.00粒±28.16粒)显著高于其他两种杂草;以玉米和婆婆纳为选择对象时,嗜食寄主玉米上的卵块数(16.33块±0.88块)和卵粒数(1 333.00粒±28.04粒)显著高于婆婆纳(分别为12.00块±0.58块和991.00粒±24.09粒)。草地贪夜蛾1～4龄幼虫取食偏好性总体表现为玉米婆婆纳鹅肠菜泽漆,5龄和6龄幼虫对每种植物的取食选择性无明显差异。上述结果说明,在有嗜食寄主玉米时,草地贪夜蛾成虫和低龄幼虫优先选择在玉米上产卵和取食,杂草中对婆婆纳的产卵和取食偏好性显著高于其他杂草,高龄幼虫取食偏好性无显著差异。 相似文献
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稻虱缨小蜂寄主范围的调查 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文着重报道稻虱缨小蜂Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang and Wang在稻田及其附近的寄主范围。该蜂除寄生于褐稻虱卵外,还寄生于白背飞虱、灰飞虱、稗飞虱、拟褐飞虱、伪褐飞虱、黑边黄脊飞虱、黑面黄脊飞虱等的卵中。这些飞虱种类成为稻虱缨小蜂的过渡寄主及越冬寄主。当缺乏褐稻虱时,稻虱缨小蜂赖以生存繁衍,有利于其在田间的繁殖和保存一定的种群数量。 相似文献
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为明确玉米和甘蔗间作对亚洲玉米螟产卵行为的影响,在尼龙网室研究了亚洲玉米螟在玉米和甘蔗不同种植模式下的产卵时间、产卵部位及产卵量的差异。结果表明,不同种植模式下亚洲玉米螟均于23∶00开始产卵,02∶00~03∶00达产卵高峰。单作甘蔗、单作玉米和间作甘蔗叶背的玉米螟卵块和卵粒数均高于叶面,而间作玉米叶背与叶面的玉米螟卵块数无显著差异,叶背的卵粒数高于叶面。单作玉米叶脉的玉米螟卵块和卵粒数均显著高于叶缘;间作玉米和单作甘蔗叶脉与叶缘卵块数间无差异,但叶脉处卵粒数高于叶缘,间作甘蔗叶脉的卵块数高于叶缘,叶缘卵粒数高于叶脉。单作甘蔗叶背的亚洲玉米螟卵块主要分布在距叶鞘69.14 cm处,而叶面的卵块主要分布在距叶鞘21.09 cm处;间作甘蔗叶背和叶面卵块分布于距叶鞘35.17 cm和12.34 cm处,二者差异显著。单作玉米上亚洲玉米螟卵块仅分布于叶背沿叶脉远离叶鞘处,而间作玉米叶背和叶面卵块分布于近叶鞘。表明玉米和甘蔗间作对亚洲玉米螟雌蛾产卵选择性具有明显的影响。 相似文献
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The study on behavioral hormoligosis in oviposition preference in Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) on cotton was conducted, at Entomological Research Farm, Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Punjab, India, during 2001 crop season and repeated in the same season. Multiple-choice test was followed for conducting the experiment. Quinalphos (250, 375, and 500), carbaryl (625, 938, and 1250), acephate (750, 1125, and 1500), endosulfan (438, 656, and 875), and fenvalerate (25, 38, and 50 g ai/ha) were repeatedly sprayed on potted plants of American cotton (var. LH-1556). The impact of these insecticides was evaluated in term of oviposition preference by B. tabaci to treated plants. Also, it investigated changes in biochemical components of treated cotton leaves and the correlation with oviposition preference. The results revealed that, fenvalerate treated plants were more preferred by whitefly for oviposition. Maximum number of eggs was observed on fenvalerate treated plants, 38, 50, and 25 g/ha (39.3, 37.3, and 36.1 eggs/leaf, respectively) followed by acephate 1500 g/ha (26.9 eggs/ leaf) compared with untreated control (14.1 eggs/leaf). Almost similar trend of results was observed in the repeated experiment. The results obtained from biochemical studies revealed that all the insecticidal treatments caused reduction in total sugars compared with untreated control except fenvalerate and low dose of quinalphos. All insecticides caused increase in total free amino acids and brought significant changes in total phenols and pH value of treated plants. These results have confirmed the behavioral hormoligosis in oviposition preference that induced by fenvalerate and acephate in B. tabaci, which may be one of the causes behind its resurgence on plants repeatedly treated with these insecticides. 相似文献
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毒死蜱、噻嗪酮对褐飞虱的防控效果分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析用药后低龄若虫、高龄若虫和成虫的数量消长情况,对毒死蜱和噻嗪酮2种药剂防治褐飞虱的效果进行了研究。结果表明,使用这2种杀虫剂后,虽然田间褐飞虱卵能持续孵化,从而使总体防效降低,但这2种药剂均能有效减少高龄若虫数量,其中噻嗪酮在长达1个多月的时间内能阻止褐飞虱由低龄向高龄转化,毒死蜱的抑制有效期大约为10d。这2种药剂主要是通过在稻株上的残留来杀死低龄若虫,从而发挥其药效作用。通过本研究,有助于正确评价药剂对褐飞虱的防效,从而为防治决策提供可靠依据。 相似文献
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四种杀菌剂对金银花白粉病的防治效果及对金银花品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用随机区组试验比较四种杀菌剂对金银花白粉病的防治效果，用高效液相色谱法测定各处理样品的绿原酸含量，以筛选出符合金银花规范化种植需要的药剂。结果表明，施药后14天以15％三唑酮600倍液防治效果最好，达77．8％，其次是15％三唑酮1200倍、50％多菌灵500倍液处理，防治效果分别为75．7％和70．8％，极显著地高于3％中生菌素500和1000倍及2％农抗1201000倍液处理的防效。2％农抗120500倍液的防治效果达60．3％，与前三种处理差异不显著，显著好于后三种处理，但未达极显著水平。15％三唑酮1200倍防治处理的绿原酸含量最高，达1．683％，其次是50％多菌灵500倍处理，绿原酸含量达1．539％，符合《中华人民共和国药典》要求，可作为金银花规范化管理中白粉病防治优先采用的药剂。 相似文献
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为探究牛角花齿蓟马Odontothrips loti的产卵选择及寄主营养和次生代谢物质对其产卵行为的影响,本研究观测了牛角花齿蓟马在苜蓿Medicago sativa、草木樨Melilotus officinalis、红豆草Onobrychis cyri和红三叶Trifolium pratense 4种豆科牧草叶片上的产卵量和卵孵化率,同时测定、分析了牧草主要营养和次生代谢物质含量与蓟马产卵选择的相关性。结果表明,无选择条件下,牛角花齿蓟马在苜蓿上产卵量最高,为59.1粒/复叶,其次是草木樨,15.7粒/复叶,在红豆草和红三叶上的产卵量仅为0.9粒/复叶和1.1粒/复叶。卵孵化率在苜蓿上最高,为85.05%,在草木樨和红豆草上分别为40.09%和39.18%,红三叶上最低,为5.48%。两两选择条件下,牛角花齿蓟马明显偏好在苜蓿叶片上产卵,在其他牧草叶片上不产卵或产卵量极低。相关性分析表明,牛角花齿蓟马的产卵量与寄主可溶性蛋白含量显著正相关(r=0.722,P=0.002),卵孵化率与可溶性蛋白(r=0.673,P=0.004)和淀粉(r=0.586,P=0.017)含量显著正相关。牛... 相似文献
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溴甲烷在草莓田的替代及减少其散发的技术 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
溴甲烷是一种消耗臭氧层的物质，根据《蒙特利尔议定书哥本哈根修正案》，发展中国家将于2015年淘汰。在我国溴甲烷消费量最大的地区，河北省满城县实施了中-意“溴甲烷土壤消毒替代技术及能力建设项目”。试验结果表明：威百亩和威百亩＋VIF，采用化学灌溉技术施药，是有前景的溴甲烷替代品，2001～2002年威百亩和威百亩＋VIF处理“达赛莱克特”品种的产量分别为26816kg／hm^2和23672kg／hm^2，而溴甲烷处理的产量为28346kg／hm^2；威百亩和威百亩＋VIF处理“理念”品种的产量分别为19844kg／hm^2和15989kg／hm^2而溴甲烷处理的产量为19657kg／hm^2；2002～2003年威百亩和威百亩＋VIF处理“达赛莱克特”品种的产量分别为23073kg／hm^223446kg／hm^2而溴甲烷处理的产量为25285kg／hm^2威百亩和威百亩＋VIF处理“全明星”品种的产量分别为：29594kg／hm^227677kg／hm^2而溴甲烷处理的产量为32191kg／hm^2产量结果经统计分析表明，威百亩、威百亩＋VIF与溴甲烷均无显著差异。溴甲烷＋VIF采用热法施药，其产量与溴甲烷无明显差异，但溴甲烷＋VIF能减少溴甲烷25％的用药量。太阳能消毒＋生物防治制剂的产量高于空白对照，有一定的防病增产效果，但显著低于溴甲烷处理的产量，不能作为溴甲烷的替代品。进口品种“理念”和当地主栽品种“全明星”对土传病害的抗性较差，在长势、产量方面均显著差于新引进品种“达赛莱克特”。虽然“达赛莱克特”对土传病害有一定的抗性，但与溴甲烷和威百亩处理区比较，空白对照区的产量仍显著低于药剂处理区的产量。 相似文献
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Oviposition deterrent activity of a natural enemy food supplement, Envirofeast, against Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner females was studied in choice and no-choice tests under laboratory conditions. Maize plants treated with Envirofeast at 25-40 g a.i./l had significantly fewer egg masses per leaf and eggs per egg mass laid on them compared with the untreated control plants in both choice and no-choice tests. However, maize plants treated with Envirofeast concentrations of 10-20 g a.i./l did not significantly deter the insect's oviposition. The optimum rate at which Envirofeast could deter oviposition was 25 g a.i./l. Increasing the rate of Envirofeast application from 25 g to 40 g a.i./l did not significantly increase its oviposition deterrent activity against O. nubilalis. However, reducing the rate from 25 to 20 g a.i./l resulted in a significant reduction in the oviposition deterrent activity of Envirofeast. The egg masses laid by O. nubilalis on Envirofeast treated plants were essentially (80%) located on the lower leaf surfaces in contrast to untreated (control) plants where only 40-60% of the egg masses were deposited on the lower leaf surfaces. The egg masses on the Envirofeast-treated plants were found at sites which did not receive sprays, indicating the importance of good spray coverage when the product is used in the field. The study has demonstrated the oviposition deterrent activity of Envirofeast against O. nubilalis on maize and this indicates that Envirofeast may have the potential to be integrated into programmes to assist in the control of O. nubilalis on maize. 相似文献
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测试了欧洲山芥对小菜蛾个体发育和成虫繁殖力的影响，以及小菜蛾雌蛾经历不同植物后对其产卵选择性的影响。结果表明，在欧洲山芥开花结籽期植株上取食发育至化蛹的少量个体，与白菜、结球甘蓝上取食发育的个体相比，身体较小，繁殖力较低；欧洲山芥具有刺激小菜蛾成虫增加生殖力的作用，对甘蓝上发育出来的雌成虫，当分别提供欧洲山芥或结球甘蓝让其产卵时，在两种植物上平均每雌产卵量分别为267粒和139粒；经历不能明显改变小菜蛾雌成虫对欧洲山芥的强烈嗜好性，当小菜蛾在成虫期经历白菜或甘蓝后．对这两种植物的相对嗜好性虽有所提高，但仍将绝大部分或所有的卵产在欧洲山芥上。可见，欧洲山芥对于小菜蛾是一种较为理想的诱杀植物。 相似文献
19.
BACKGROUND: The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, is a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, causing several diseases in solanaceous crops. Laboratory and field no‐choice and choice experiments were conducted to evaluate the repellency of kaolin particle film on adults of B. cockerelli on tomato plants that had been sprayed with kaolin particle film on the upper surface only, on the lower surface only and on both leaf surfaces. RESULTS: In no‐choice tests in the laboratory, the numbers of adults on leaves were not different between the kaolin particle film and the water control, regardless of which leaf surface(s) were treated, but numbers of eggs were lower on the leaves treated with kaolin particle film than on those treated with water. In choice tests on plants treated with water/plants treated with kaolin particle film at ratios of 1:1, 6:3 or 8:1, fewer adults and eggs were found on the leaves treated with kaolin particle film than on leaves treated with water. Under field conditions, in caged no‐choice or choice tests, fewer adults, eggs and nymphs were found on plants treated with kaolin particle film than on plants treated with water. In an uncaged test under field conditions, plants sprayed with kaolin particle film had fewer psyllids than those sprayed with water. CONCLUSION: Even though potato psyllid adults could land on plants treated with kaolin particle film when no choice was given, fewer eggs were laid. When given a choice, the psyllids avoided plants treated with kaolin particle film under laboratory and field conditions. Kaolin particle film treatment may be a useful alternative for management of potato psyllids under field conditions. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献