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AM真菌与西瓜枯萎病关系初探 总被引：31，自引：4，他引：27
在温室盆栽条件下研究了丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza,AM)真菌Gigaspora rosea Nicol.& Schenck、Glomusmosseae(Nicol.& Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe和Glomus versiforme(Karsten) Berch与西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. niveum)的关系。结果表明,接种AM真菌能促进西瓜植株的生长发育,增加植株干重;显著减少根内和根围土壤中镰刀菌群体数量及其对根系的侵染率;降低枯萎病发病率和病情指数,从而减轻西瓜枯萎病的危害。接种F.oxysporum f. sp. niveum能降低AM真菌对西瓜的侵染率,并且AM真菌与镰刀菌的不同接种时间和顺序影响西瓜枯萎病的发生发展,证实AM真菌与镰刀菌存在竞争关系。另外,AM真菌对西瓜高感枯萎病品种的防治效果优于抗病品种,说明高感品种对菌根的依赖性较大。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌与大豆胞囊线虫相互作用研究初报 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在温室盆栽条件下对大豆‘开育10’品种接种了丛枝菌根(AM)真菌:Gigaspora margarita Becker&Hall、Glomus fasiculatum(Thaxt) Gerd.&Trappe、G.intraradices Schenck&Smith、G.mosseae Nicolson&Gedermann及G.versiforme Berch和/或大豆胞囊线虫(SCN,Heterodera glycines)4号生理小种。供试AM真菌可不同程度地促进大豆植株的生长发育,增加植株高度、地上部和地下部干重及单株产量,减轻感病大豆品种‘开育10’SCN的危害,降低病情指数、根上和根围土壤中胞囊数量、2龄幼虫和胞囊内卵数。其中,G.fasiculatum、Gi.margarita和G.intraradices的效应大于G.mosseae和G.versiforme的处理。接种SCN显著降低了G.intraradices和G.versiforme对大豆根系的侵染率、G.fasiculatum的产孢数量及G.intraradices的侵入点数量,增加了G.mosseae的产孢数量。认为部分AM真菌能有效地抑制SCN对大豆根系的侵染、胞囊发育和2龄幼虫的形成。 相似文献
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西瓜抗枯萎病品种“卡红”的抗病遗传研究 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
西瓜枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum侵染所致。该病是西瓜生产中的主要病害,世界各国均有发生。 相似文献
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百合鳞茎斑点病病原菌鉴定 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
1991年在浙江湖州市和杭州市采集得百合(Lilium brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker)鳞茎有褐色斑点的标本104份,分离出纯菌株108个。鉴定为2个镰刀菌种:Fusarium solani(Mart.)Sacc. 和F. oxysporum Schlecht. F. solani出现频率84.3%,占优势.田间调查和接种试验证明F.solani是百合鳞茎褐色斑点病主要致病菌。在20种植物上接种试验结果表明:F.solani对百合有专化性,因此鉴定其病原菌为茄病镰孢一个新专化型:Fusarium solajni f. sp.lilii Wang. 相似文献
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在不同专化型尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的线粒体DNA之间存在着限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP),这可能与它们的致病性差异有关。我们对一株尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum f.sp.eleocharidis1415-1)的线粒体DNA进行酶切分析发现它的酶切图谱和大小与其它专化型的线粒体DNA不同。 相似文献
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福建省香蕉枯萎病菌硝酸盐营养突变体的营养体亲和性测定 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Fourteen strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense were induced to produce 146 nitrate-nonutilizing(nit) mutants on a chlorate-containing medium. Among them, there were 117 nit1 mutants(80.14%), 17 nit3 mutants(11.64%) and 12 nitM mutants(8.22%). These strains were divided into two vegetative compatibility groups(VCGs) by the vegetative compatibility tests. Twelve strains of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense from Musa AAA belonged to VCG1, two trains from Musa ABB belonged to VCG2. 相似文献
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河北廊坊大豆枯萎病病原镰刀菌的分子鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确河北廊坊中国农科院植保所试验基地大豆孢囊线虫病田内大豆枯萎病病原镰刀菌的种类,对362份罹病枯萎大豆植株进行病原真菌分离,得到335株真菌;使用镰刀菌通用引物鉴定出镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.) 279株,占分离菌株83.3%;镰刀菌特异性引物、测序等分子生物学技术结合形态学特征进一步鉴定镰刀菌种类,鉴定出尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum)189株,占分离菌株56.4%;茄病镰刀菌(F. solani)67株占20.0%、禾谷镰刀菌(F. graminearum)16株占4.8%、木贼镰刀菌(F. equiseti)3株、层出镰刀菌(F. proliferaum)2株、燕麦镰刀菌(F. avenaceum)和厚孢镰刀菌(F. chlamydosporum)各1株;致病性测试结果表明数量最多的尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum)中约92.8%菌株具有不同程度的致病力;这些结果表明该试验基地大豆枯萎病的优势病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum);研究结果可为大豆枯萎病的防治提供科学依据,并为大豆孢囊线虫与尖孢镰刀菌复合侵染大豆的研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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西瓜蔓枯病分子诊断技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文测定西瓜上的西瓜蔓枯病菌(Didymella bryoniae)、西瓜炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum orbiculare)及西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum)的rDNA的ITS序列,比对近缘种及西瓜上不同病菌的ITS序列同源性,设计出特异性上游引物XM-2和下游引物XM-R2。经过对XM-2/XM-R2引物的PCR扩增条件的优化,可以扩增出一条344bp的西瓜蔓枯病菌特异性DNA条带。上述方法可以检测到pg以上的蔓枯病菌基因组DNA,并且可以准确扩增出西瓜蔓枯病自然病样中特异性的DNA片段。本文建立了一项西瓜蔓枯病分子检测技术,该方法准确、快速、可靠,可用于西瓜蔓枯病田间的快速诊断。 相似文献
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Eight hundred twenty four nit mutants were induced from 73 strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae, and classified into four phenotypes by their abilities to utilize different nitrogen sources. Among these mutants, 64.9% were characterized as nit 1, 24.3% as nit 3, 9.8% as nit M, 1.0% as nit X. Based on complementary pairing tests of different nit mutants on the medium MM, 44 isolates belonged to 8 different VCGs, 29 isolates were classified into single and different VCGs. These results indicated that there was significant VCG diversity in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae population. VCGs might be correlated with geographic origin of strains, but no close correlation was found between VCGs and pathogenicity. 相似文献
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为获得带GFP标记的西瓜枯萎病菌转化株,用于后期观察病原菌侵染过程,采用农杆菌介导的方法,对西瓜枯萎病菌1号生理小种进行了遗传转化。结果表明:共培养时间为36h,枯萎病菌孢子和农杆菌AGL1比例为1∶1时该菌株的遗传转化效率最高,可以达到117.33个转化子/107个孢子。转化株的孢子、菌丝体及萌发的孢子均能发出稳定而强的绿色荧光。转化株的致病力检测显示其致病力与转化前的野生菌株致病力无明显差异。结果表明本研究获得的带GFP标记的西瓜枯萎病菌转化株可用于观察病菌在西瓜根系的侵染过程。 相似文献
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西瓜枯萎菌拮抗细菌的筛选、鉴定及防效测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从内蒙古、新疆、安徽、河南、江苏、江西6省的西瓜、黄瓜和茄子3种作物根际土壤和病健组织中,共获得样本64份,分离得到细菌1050株。室内抑菌活性测定结果表明：9株细菌分离物对西瓜枯萎病菌Fusariumoxysporumf.sp.niveum、甘蓝黑斑病菌Alternaria brassicicola、辣椒疫霉病菌Phytophthora capsici和番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea均具有很强的拮抗作用,其中菌株NBT-15和PL-82对西瓜枯萎病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用比较明显,抑制率分别为60.5%和55.3%。盆栽防病试验结果表明：NBT-15和PL-82对西瓜枯萎病的防治效果分别为80.4%和75.6%。形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析结果确定菌株NBT-15为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis,PL-82为铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Colonization of watermelon root and stem tissues by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 1 and its relationship to the apparent resistance to Fusarium wilt was investigated. In each of 2 years, 17 differentially susceptible watermelon cultivars and one accession were tested in the greenhouse, and 7 cultivars also were tested in the field. Colonization by a chlorate-resistant marked isolate of the fungus was assayed by plating homogenized tissue samples on a selective medium. Six days after inoculation, seedlings of highly resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible cultivars had F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 1 CFU counts in the lower stems of 10(2), 10(3), and 10(4) CFU/g of fresh tissue, respectively. Percent wilt (Y) of the seedlings was positively correlated with colonization (X) by F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 1 in roots (Y = 21.2 ln [X + 1] - 140.7, R(2) = 0.85) or lower stems (Y = 17.3 ln [X + 1] - 78.6, R(2) = 0.86). Percent wilt (Y) also was correlated with the ratio (X(r), 0 to 1 values) of lower stem to root colonization (Y = 34 ln X(r) + 112, R(2) = 0.36). Field evaluations confirmed these relationships, and a link between cultivar resistance and a reduced rate of spread of the fungus in primary stems during a season was observed. Fruit yield decreased with increased tissue colonization at linear rates of 9.9 to 12.7 t/ha per ln (CFU/g + 1) (R(2) >/= 0.58). The greenhouse seedling stem colonization assay described may be utilized as a collaborative method to quantify Fusarium wilt resistance in watermelon. 相似文献
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采用灌根法对4周龄的黄瓜幼苗接种尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum,研究了不同取样时期AM真菌Glomus versiforme对植株根系黄酮和总酚含量及叶片中POD和PPO酶活性的影响.结果表明:菌根化植株可通过生物量的补偿和体内次生代谢物含量的改变来提高抗病性.即接种F.oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum的第9天,菌根化植株根系和地上部生物量分别比对照高出50%和31.7%,此时,对照发病率达15%,而菌根化植株生长始终正常;在病原菌的侵入初期和后期,菌根化植株根系中黄酮和总酚含量高于对照;在植株发病期,菌根化植株仍可通过根系中含量相对较低的黄酮和总酚来抵御病原菌的侵害;与对照相比,抗病性较强的菌根化植株叶片中POD酶活性变化较为缓和,且PPO酶活性一直较高. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Two nonpathogenic mutant strains 4/4 and 15/15 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (race 1,2) were isolated by a continuous dipinoculation technique following UV mutagenesis of the virulent wild-type isolate FOM1.2. No disease symptoms or detrimental effects were observed following inoculation of muskmelon seedlings by strain 4/4. In contrast, strain 15/15 caused mortality of susceptible cultivars although to a lesser extent than the wild-type isolate. Strain 4/4 colonized a variety of muskmelon and watermelon cultivars. In muskmelon cv. Ein Dor, seedlings were dipped in a conidial suspension of strain 4/4 and planted in medium amended with the mutant to achieve 100% colonization of roots and between 30 to 70% of the lower stem tissues 7 days after planting. Similar percent colonization of watermelon seedlings by strain 4/4 was recorded. In cross-protection experiments with muskmelon cultivars, significant reduction in seedling mortality was observed between 4/4-colonized FOM1.2. challenged plants compared with that of wild-type challenged plants alone. Similarly, strain 4/4 was able to significantly reduce mortality of watermelon seedlings caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2. This novel approach of generating nonpathogenic mutants for biological control in Fusarium spp. and other fungal pathogens from virulent wild-type isolates may be beneficial for control, because the mutant strains, lacking only in pathogenicity, may compete more efficiently than other biocontrol organisms against the pathogen of origin. 相似文献
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H. Van Pelt-Heerschap O. Smit-Bakker 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(7):681-691
The aim of this study was to learn more about the accumulation of defense-related proteins in stem tissue from carnation cultivar Pallas inoculated with 2 near-isogenic races, the avirulent race 1 and the virulent race 8 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. Stem tissue was used, from which the epidermis, cortex and medulla were peeled off from the vascular cylinder. It appeared that chitinase activity was constitutively expressed in the intercellular fluids (IFs) of untreated leaves, stems and roots of carnation. The total chitinase activity in the IFs of stem tissue increased with time after inoculation. This increase was similar after inoculation with the virulent, the avirulent race and water. At least four chitinase isoenzymes, three acidic and one basic isoform, were detected in the IFs of inoculated plants. In contrast, total 1,3--glucanase activity was not detected in the IFs of untreated leaves, stems and roots. Furthermore, the increases in 1,3--glucanase activity in IFs of stem tissue were markedly higher in the compatible and incompatible interactions than in the water control, indicating that this activity is specially induced by elicitors common to both races 1 and 8 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. Using an antiserum against 1,3--glucanase P3 of tomato, 2 bands were detected on immunoblots in the IFs of stem tissue inoculated with races 1 and 8. No bands were visible after inoculation with water. Total peroxidase activity increased with time in all combinations. One basic and one acidic peroxidase isoform were present in these IFs. Peroxidase activity in a cell wall fraction prepared from stem tissue was clearly higher, and its increase faster, than the activity in the soluble stem fraction. These increases were similar in the virulent, the avirulent race and the water control. The growth of the fungus Trichoderma viride was inhibited by the IFs obtained from stem tissue inoculated with the virulent and the avirulent race of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. However, the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi itself was not affected by these IFs. 相似文献
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Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on severity of root rot of bananas caused by Cylindrocladium spathiphylli 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The interaction between four arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus sp., G. proliferum , G. intraradices and G. versiforme , and the root-rot fungus Cylindrocladium spathiphylli , and subsequent effects on growth and phosphorus nutrition of banana ( Musa acuminata , AAA, cv. Grande Naine) were investigated under glasshouse conditions. Overall, root infection by C. spathiphylli reduced the growth of banana plants, but preinoculation with AM fungi significantly attenuated this detrimental effect. Lower disease severity, stimulation of growth and increase of shoot P content were observed for the plants inoculated with one of the four AM fungi. Glomus sp. and G. proliferum induced the largest increase in growth parameters and shoot P content as compared to G. intraradices and G. versiforme , in the presence as well as in the absence of C. spathiphylli . Root damage caused by C. spathiphylli was decreased in the presence of AM fungi, but the inoculation of mycorrhizal plants with C. spathiphylli also decreased the intensity of AM fungal root colonization, indicating a clear interaction between the two organisms. 相似文献
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Experiments were conducted to determine the temporal and spatial effects of Meloidogyne jav anica and host cultivar on pathogenesis by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp tracheiphilum in cowpea. In the wilt-susceptible cowpea cultivar California Blackeye No. 5 (CB5). F. o. tracheiphilum proliferated rapidly in both the hypocotyl and first internode 6 weeks after inoculation. The fungus spread quickly upward as plants grew, colonized most tissues within 6 weeks, and caused severe wilt. In wilt-resistant cultivar CB3. there was little proliferation of F. oxysporum in any tissue, whether or not plants were infected by St. javanica. The fungus was found above the primary internode in 15"., of all CB3 plants, but did not continue to spread upward after 4 weeks Vascular discoloration was greatest when St. javanica was added 4 weeks before F. o. tracheiphilum, but simultaneous inoculation also increased wilt symptoms Root wounding did not increase wilt. Split-root experiments provided no evidence that infection by, M. javanica results in a translocatable factor that reduces wilt resistance. When hypocoivls were inoculated with F. o. tracheiphilum at different intervals after roots infected by St. jav anica were removed, there was no evidence that the effect of the nematode on wilt susceptibility was translocated or persistent. 相似文献