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通过不同灌水时期、次数和土壤管理措施的试验,使97.14％的2年生苹果树在露地安全越冬。其主要措施是:减少灌水次数,适当拖后春灌,使新梢生长期提早和增加早期生长速率,8月下旬左右,使土壤含水量降到11％左右(本试验中约占田间持水量50％),促使新梢早停止生长,进入越冬准备,达到枝条充实健壮;增加伏天和秋季的土壤耕翻,促进根系生长,造成有利于越冬的植株状态;同时提早冬灌,灌后耕翻,改善土壤热量状况,使土壤冻结晚,冻土浅,融冻早,为幼树露地安全越冬创造了有利的土壤环境条件。 相似文献
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1 增强树势 使植株保持生长旺盛 ,生长旺盛的新梢一般停止生长较晚 ,相应的花芽形成和结束休眠也较晚 ,因此在冬末和初春遇到短暂的温暖气候 ,其花芽不会萌动并开花较迟 ,从而可减少晚霜危害。2 早春灌水、树盘覆草和树干涂白 早春在土壤刚解冻时 ,灌水两次。将水、生石灰、石硫合剂、食盐和少量动植物油混合 ,用来涂抹树干和大枝 ,既可推迟花期 ,又可杀虫。3 喷稀食盐水和稀石灰水 花前 1个月和花芽萌动前各喷一次 0 .1%～ 0 .3%的食盐水 ,可增强树体抗冻力 ,减轻花器冻害。在花芽微露白时喷 8%～ 10 %的石灰水。4 熏烟、喷防冻坐果… 相似文献
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甜油桃,幼树极性生长很强,新梢生长旺,1 a可多次分枝生长.特别是1～2 a生幼树,生长更旺,致使花芽分化率低,花芽大都着生在副梢的顶部,而且花芽瘦小,坐果率和产量都很低.为了探讨大棚甜油桃栽植当年前期促梢,中后期促花,第二年实现丰产的新技术,于2003～2005年开展此项试验. 相似文献
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分别对皇冠梨背上旺梢采取了3种夏季修剪处理方法,即剪除基角处背上旺梢、背上过密直立旺梢、剪口处旺梢;对侧生花芽、背上花芽所发的果台副梢、主枝及侧枝延长枝的先端竞争枝旺梢进行摘心;对没有摘心的直立旺梢进行捋(拿)枝、拉枝、别枝。结果证明,这3种处理方法均可有效控制旺梢生长,促进花芽形成,实现通风透光、培养结果枝组的目的。 相似文献
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甜樱桃幼树生长3～4年时,就要控制树冠的扩大,以免樱桃园郁闭。下面介绍控制树冠的几种方法。一是新梢摘心。未成形的幼树,在生长季可以利用摘心来增加枝量,也可以用摘心来控制生长,促进结果。基本成形的幼树,对于生长旺盛的新梢可以全部摘心,一般留10～15cm长,1年可摘2～4次,到秋季新梢停长为止。摘心可控制旺枝,增加小枝量,利于提早结果。同时由于枝条生长充实,冬季不容易抽条。 相似文献
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苹果幼树新梢生长旺盛,尤以各级骨干枝头上的竞争梢和背上直立生长的新梢更旺。这不但影响幼树整形,还白白的消耗树体养分,又给冬季修剪造成不少麻烦。为了使这种强旺新梢当年成花,来年结果,我们根据苹果幼树有顶花芽和新梢腋花 相似文献
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2．2控制秋梢
为了达到幼树早期丰产,必须在增加枝量的基础上,控制秋梢生长,增加中、短枝比例和封顶枝率,逐步改变枝类比,将全树各类枝（16cm以上为长枝,6～15cm为中枝,5cm以下为短枝）比例逐步调整到2：1：7。新梢控制在30cm左右,使封顶枝（无秋梢）达到70％-80％,这样才能有利于花芽的形成。[第一段] 相似文献
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苹果根域交替、定位灌水对新梢生长和叶片生理的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以3年生盆栽嘎拉苹果（砧木为八棱海棠）为试材,研究了苹果根域交替和定位灌溉不同水量对新梢生长、叶片生理特性的影响。结果表明：交替灌水条件下,随每次灌水量增加,秋梢恢复生长时间提早,且生长量增大;灌水根域相同时,除1/4、2/4、3/4根域每次灌水500 mL和2/4根域每次灌水750 mL处理外,其余各处理新梢均有二次生长。定位灌水条件下各处理间新梢变化不明显,且新梢生长量较小。交替灌水和定位灌水对苹果叶片水势、气孔导度等生理特性指标无影响,但交替灌水叶片水势和气孔导度等指标相对于定位灌水而言变化较平稳。由此可见,灌水量是调节新梢二次生长的决定因素,而灌水根域主要影响相关生理指标;部分根域灌水,新梢可发生二次生长,灌水根域过多（3/4或4/4）和每次灌水量大于750 mL对新梢生长不利。从减少树体冗余生长和节水、保持树体生理稳定方面考虑,2/4根域每次交替灌水750 mL为最佳处理。 相似文献
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《Scientia Horticulturae》2001,87(3):199-205
In order to elucidate the role of maleic hydrazide (MH, 1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione; coline salt) in increasing flower bud formation on the Japanese pear, the effect of MH on cytokinin contents in the lateral buds of Japanese pear shoots were investigated. Foliar application of MH at 2600 mg l−1 increased zeatin, zeatinriboside, and isopentenyladenine levels in lateral buds though isopentenyladenosine concentration decreased. Application of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), an inhibitor of polar auxin transport, also increased the endogenous cytokinin levels in lateral buds. It is supposed that these increases of cytokinin in lateral buds may be involved in the increase of flower bud production on the Japanese pear shoot. The increases of cytokinin induced by these chemicals may be caused via the depletion of the auxin level and/or the activity in shoot tissues. 相似文献
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The combined effect of different irrigation regimes and canopy wetting treatments on flower yield and flower quality was examined with ‘Baccara’ roses. Total yields of 390 flowers per m2, of which 290 were of saleable quality for the period October–May, were obtained when the soil water tension at a depth of 15–20 cm was maintained below 4–6 centibar (cb). An increase in water tension up to 10–15 cb caused a 10 % decrease in yield. Wetting the canopy reduced the number of flowers and did not counteract the reduction in yield caused by the increase in soil water tension.Wetting the canopy slightly reduced plant surface temperature, mainly on dry and hot days. Wetting also increased the weight of flower buds obtained under irrigation treatments which maintained soil moisture tension below 5 cb (a low soil moisture treatment). The weight per unit length of flower stem increased when the canopy was wetted under all irrigation treatments. In spring, canopy wetting reduced the decrease in flower weight and in leaf area, and completely prevented the decrease in flower stem weight. 相似文献
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Michael G. Mullins 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):237-247
A distinctive seasonal pattern in the outgrowth of shoots was observed in upright maiden apple trees. Until midsummer, extension shoot growth was confined to the apical region of the trunk. After midsummer, vigorous shoots grew from the basal region of the trunk, and the production of these shoots coincided with a decline in growth rates of shoots in the apical region. A similar pattern of shoot growth was evident in trees grown in horizontal and inverted positions but was modified by the effects of gravity, viz. growth curvatures, effects on the symmetry of shoot production about the axis, and changes in the vigour of shoots in the apical and basal regions of the trunk. Growing trees in horizontal and inverted positions caused a reduction in terminal extension growth, but did not reduce the total amount of shoot growth compared with vertically-grown trees. Changing the orientation of the trunk caused differences in the pattern of axillary flower bud formation, but had no detectable effect on the total numbers of flower buds initiated. 相似文献
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SUMMARYThe possibility of using water stress during floral initiation and development, to synchronize flowering in potted coffee trees of cvs Catuai Rojo and Mundo Novo was investigated. Moderate and severe cyclic and constant water stress had little effect on vegetative growth during floral initiation. However, upon rewatering, shoot growth was significantly greater in plants where leaf water potential [¨,] had declined to -2.5 MPa compared with plants where ¨, was maintained above -0.5 MPa. The period of floral initiation was not influenced by water stress and occurred only under short days (<12 h). In contrast, a y, of -2.5 MPa significantly reduced the number of inflorescences compared with plants maintained at a ¨| of -0.5 or -1.5 MPa. This reduction was associated with leaf drop in stressed plants. Therefore, regular irrigation during the period of floral initiation is recommended. Water stress (¨, of -1.5 or -2.5 MPa compared with -0.5 MPa) accelerated floral development with no deleterious effects on floral differentiation. Once flower buds are fully differentiated they enter dormancy and reach anthesis only if trees are stressed and rewa-tered. Flower buds remain dormant if trees are watered regularly or a constant water stress provided. A constant period of water stress in the late stages of floral development after floral initiation is complete provides a means of increasing the proportion of fully differentiated dormant flower buds (mature buds). This could represent a practical method to achieve synchronized flowering in field conditions where there is irrigation and a reliable dry season in the late stages of floral development. 相似文献
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A. Garcia-Luis M. Kandušer J. L. Guardiola 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):817-825
SummaryThe effect of chilling temperatures on bud sprouting and flower formation was compared on fruiting and non-fruiting ‘Owari’ satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc) trees. On non-fruiting trees, bud dormancy was weak, and a significant proportion of buds were able to sprout at high temperatures without being chilled. Separate effects of low temperatures on bud sprouting and flower induction were demonstrated. On fruiting trees these two effects of low temperatures were also demonstrated on summer-flush buds, but not on older (spring-flush) buds. The spring-flush buds from fruiting trees scarcely sprouted without being chilled. These buds required a longer chilling period for dormancy release than for flower induction, and it was not possible to separate the effect of low temperature on flower induction from the effect on dormancy release. The presence of fruit reduced flower formation by reducing bud sprouting. Furthermore, fruit had a direct inhibitive effect on vernalization which resulted in increased formation of vegetative shoots. The effect of fruit and low temperature on flowering was unrelated to carbohydrate accumulation in the leaves or the roots. 相似文献
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以"库尔勒香梨"为试材,采用剖面网格取样法,调查"库尔勒香梨"根长密度的水平及垂直分布特征,探索"库尔勒香梨"根系分布的深度、广度与集中分布区。同时设置5种不同梯度滴头流量,监测每隔1 h点源入渗湿润体含水率,根据湿润锋运移特征与香梨集中分布区吻合程度,筛选节水灌溉的最佳滴头流量及最适宜滴灌时间。结果表明:"库尔勒香梨"整个生育期的根系垂直方向集中分布区为20~60 cm,水平方向集中分布区为50~80 cm。在香梨根系水平方向集中分布区域50~80 cm范围内,滴头流量为9.2 L·h-1的处理能够较为平稳的让水分自滴头正下方向两侧运移,且在滴灌开始后预计5 h让0~80 cm垂直范围内的水平剖面水分达到饱和状态。在香梨根系垂直方向集中分布区域20~60 cm范围内,滴头流量为9.2 L·h-1的处理能够较为平稳的让水分自表层向下层运移,且在滴灌开始后5 h让0~100 cm水平范围内的垂直剖面水分达到饱和状态。综合在不同滴头流量下土壤湿润体水平、垂直运移规律,在该地块滴灌推荐使用9.2 L·h-1的滴头流量,滴水时间最佳时间为5 h。 相似文献
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The effects of pinching and lateral bud removal (deshooting) on the development of structural shoots, the number of flowers, and the average flower stem length in young rose plants were examined, using the cultivars ‘Baccara’, ‘Sonia’ and ‘Belinda’. The effect of deshooting on flower yield varied with each cultivar. It did not affect the number of ‘Baccara’ flowers, but increased ‘Sonia’ and ‘Belinda’ flower production by 50% and 75%, respectively. Leaving flowers to bloom out on plants before the start of commercial harvest resulted in a decrease in the length of the flower stems and also reduced the beneficial effect of deshooting on flower yield. Deshooting enhanced structural shoot formation (“bottom breaks”). Pinching flower buds of structural shoots increased the number of ‘Baccara’ flowers in comparison with pruning these shoots to 40–60 cm, as in common practice. Deshooting of the structural shoots of ‘Sonia’ and ‘Belinda’ increased the number of flowers in both cultivars. 相似文献
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CaM在梨花芽分化过程中的含量变化 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以梨为试材，对成花过程中的短枝芽和叶所含钙调素（ＣａＭ）的含量进行了测定。（１）短枝芽的ＣａＭ含量在整个成花前后都明显高于新梢芽的含量，特别是在成花的发端期突然成倍增加，形成高峰；（２）短果枝叶的ＣａＭ与新梢叶有着相近的变化趋势，但在成花前后，短果枝叶的ＣａＭ含量明显高于新梢叶；（３）ＣａＡｃ处理可以使短枝芽所含ＣａＭ的峰值提前出现，ＴＦＰ处理可明显降低ＣａＭ含量和延迟其峰值到来。还就ＣａＭ在成花过程中的作用及与Ｃａ２＋的关系等问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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The growth retardant (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat chloride), applied as a soil drench to young tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), was effective in reducing the abortion of flower buds that occurred under winter conditions in the glasshouse. Application of chlormequat chloride also reduced flower abortion that occurred in response to a shading treatment or to high night temperatures. A second growth retardant, tributyl-2,4-dichlorobenzylphosphonium chloride (chlorphonium chloride), showed activity similar to that of chlormequat chloride. It is suggested that abortion of the flower buds occurred when vegetative parts of the shoot system were in competition with the inflorescence for metabolites or growth substances, and that the growth retardants acted to reduce or remove this competition. 相似文献