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转Bt基因抗虫棉毒蛋白检测方法及其表达规律研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究转Bt基因抗虫棉毒蛋白的表达规律及其对标靶害虫毒杀性,对评价Bt基因成功转化、转Bt基因抗虫棉选育和推广、目标害虫抗性预测以及生物安全评价管理都具有重要意义。概述了国内外转Bt基因棉毒蛋白检测方法及其表达变化规律,并提出引起Bt毒蛋白表达变化的原因及改进对策。 相似文献
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1999年 ,美国中南部增种转 Bt基因玉米 ,占总耕地面积的 50 % ,取得了成功。阿肯色州大学的小麦和谷类推广专家 William Johnson说 ,1 999年大约种植 40 %～ 50 %的转 Bt基因玉米 ,不但有效地防治了西南部和欧洲的玉米螟 ,而且也防治了玉米铃虫 ,即棉花上的棉铃虫。 1 999年密西西比州也大量增种转 Bt基因玉米美国中南部增种转Bt基因玉米@牛巧鱼 相似文献
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转Bt基因玉米对亚洲玉米螟的抗性及其农艺性状研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以普通玉米杂交组合N3030、N4640为对照，通过盆栽接虫试验和田间调查，系统研究了转Bt基因玉米杂交组合N3030Bt和N4640Bt对亚洲玉米螟的抗虫效果和主要农艺性状变化。结果表明，转Bt基因玉米对亚洲玉米螟产卵无驱避作用，但花叶率、茎秆和雌雄穗的受害程度均明显轻于对照；转Bt基因玉米的生育期、株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗等与对照差异不大，秃尖长明显短于对照，穗粒数和产量明显高于对照。 相似文献
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分子改造Cry蛋白基因的转基因玉米创制及其抗虫功能评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用结构域交换和密码子优化方法对苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)杀虫晶体蛋白Cry1Ab进行合理化设计改造,获得新型Bt蛋白编码基因cry FLIa。利用农杆菌介导法将该基因转入玉米Hi II中,对转基因后代开展分子鉴定和抗性评价等相关工作。结果表明,cryFLIa基因已整合进玉米基因组中,连续3代自交材料检测显示,转基因玉米目标基因正常表达并稳定遗传;蛋白在植株叶片中发育各时期的表达各异,在灌浆期蛋白表达量较高(471.883 ng/g)。室内生测和田间人工接虫试验表明,转cryFLIa基因玉米具有抗亚洲玉米螟的能力。 相似文献
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转Bt基因棉的抗虫性遗传及其生化基础研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从卡那霉素抗性鉴定、抗虫性鉴定Bt毒蛋白含量测定等三个方面对转Bt基因棉的抗虫性遗传及其生化基础进行了研究。结果表明，转Bt基因棉美棉33B和GK-12对棉铃虫具有显著的抗性。盛蕾期饲喂美棉33B、GK-12棉抹顶端叶片72h后，初孵棉铃虫幼虫死亡率分别为86．8％、75．1％，对照TM-1、泗棉33号、苏棉12号三个常规品种(系)初孵幼虫死亡率分别为10.9％、13．9％、9．2％。美棉33B、GK-12盛蕾期功能叶片Bt毒蛋白含量分别为每克鲜重836.68纳克、682．56纳克。饲喂美棉33B、GK-12与常规品种(系)杂种一代棉抹顶端叶片72h后。初孵棉铃虫幼虫平均死亡率分别为84．1％、77．2％，两个转Bt基因棉品种与常规棉品种(系)杂种一代功能叶片的Bt毒蛋白含量平均值分别为每克鲜重820．58纳克、683．77纳克。转Bt基因棉与常规棉杂种一代的抗虫性表现及其生化基础与转Bt基因棉非常接近，杂种二代群体抗、感虫植抹的分离比例符合3：1，回交世代BC1群体抗、感虫植株的分离比例符合1：1，转Bt基因抗虫性状的遗传是受一对完全显性基因控制的。Bt基因与NPTⅡ基因是紧密连馈或完全连锁的。段毒蛋白表达量按照一对显性基因的表达方式在转Bt基因棉杂交后代中进行传递。不存在基因的剂量效应。三种鉴定方法都能对玫基因进行有效的追踪检测，且三者之间具有高度的一致性。并对国产转Bt基因棉GK-12的抗虫性不及美棉33B的原因进行了探讨。 相似文献
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The Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides Lefèbvre, is a key pest of corn and a main target of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn in Northeast Spain. Trends for future biotechnology crops indicate that Bt, non-Bt, and stacked corn varieties with metabolic pathways for vitamin-increased traits could coexist in same region. Knowledge of the oviposition response of gravid females of S. nonagrioides to these different varieties could be extremely important for managing strategies aimed for delaying resistance development. In dual-choice assays, we examined the host preference of gravid females of S. nonagrioides for four corn varieties: a new transgenic corn with increased vitamin levels, its near isogenic counterpart (M37W), a Bt corn plant, and its near isogenic counterpart. Olfactory cues were the predominant ones when gravid females looked for a suitable host to lay eggs, and no synergistic effects were observed when both visual and olfactory cues were present. When the plant was visible, the females preferred the odors emitted by the nontransgenic to its multivitamin transgenic counterpart and when they only could detect the volatiles they also preferred the nontransgenic M37W variety to the Bt corn variety. If gravid females are less attracted to corn with an increased level of vitamins, this could impact insect resistance management and the value of refuge plants, if such traits are stacked with an insect resistance trait. 相似文献
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SW12-859为吉林省农业科学院农业生物技术研究所培育的转基因玉米杂交组合,全株表达Cry1F基因杀虫蛋白。本研究以其为材料,与其遗传背景相似的郑单958为非转基因对照,在玉米心叶期(6~8叶期)和穗期(13~16叶期)进行田间人工接玉米螟初孵幼虫,调查其抗螟性、农艺性状及对产量损失的影响。结果表明,在玉米心叶期和穗期,转基因玉米SW12-859对一、二代玉米螟表现为高抗,郑单958表现为感,二者受玉米螟危害程度(抗螟性)差异显著。转基因玉米SW12-859和郑单958的株高、穗位高等农艺性状相近,在接虫条件下,转基因玉米产量显著高于非转基因玉米。 相似文献
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The inclusion of the cry gene in corn may produce direct effects on non-target pests. Our research was focused on the relationship between Bt corn germplasm, expressing the cry1F protein to control the fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae)], and a non-target pest, the corn leafhopper [Dalbulus maidis (Cicadellidae)]. The aim of this contribution was to elucidate if Bt corn plants have influence on the oviposition preference of the leafhopper and to evaluate the effect of the transgenic plant on the hatching rate of egg. Female corn leafhoppers were released in cages each containing two potted plants in the V2 stage: a Bt germplasm and the corresponding isogenic hybrid. Laid eggs were counted and the number of hatched nymphs recorded. D. maidis females oviposited and laid more eggs in Bt plants. The egg hatching rate was negatively affected by the Bt germplasm. In addition, a field study was conducted in order to determine the abundance of D. maidis adults in Bt corn and the corresponding non-Bt isoline. Two corn plots sown with the same germplasms as used in the laboratory bioassays were sampled weekly. In the field, the population of the corn leafhopper was higher in the Bt corn plot than in the non-Bt isoline. Possible hypotheses for the differences in abundance of the vector in the field are: a) that pleiotropic effects of Bt corn could attract adults; b) the existence of a possible direct competition between the corn leafhopper and the target pest in order to utilize the whorls of corn plants as refuge and feeding sites, so the high populations of the vector could be due to the large supply of healthy whorls in the transgenic plot; and/or c) a differential attack of natural enemies occurring in non-Bt plots. 相似文献
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Monitoring Cry1Ab susceptibility in Asian corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Bt corn in the Philippines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Between 2002 and 2004, collections of egg masses of Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) were made from corn-planting sites on the major Philippine islands of Luzon (Laguna, Pangasinan, Camarines Sur and Isabela provinces) and Mindanao (Bukidnon and South Cotabato provinces). The resulting neonates were bioassayed for susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ab protein. The median lethal concentrations (LC50s) for the different collections ranged from 0.42 to 2.37 ng/cm2. The bioassay results suggest that Philippine corn borer populations were highly susceptible to Cry1Ab protein prior to the widespread deployment of Bt corn. The upper limit of the estimated LC99 (104 ng/cm2) from the pooled bioassay data was selected as a candidate diagnostic concentration and subsequently tested on eleven ACB populations. Results of the validation assays showed that the mortality response of all the tested ACB populations was higher than the expected mortality (99%). Therefore, the concentration of 104 ng/cm2 was used to monitor susceptibility in ACB populations in the Philippines. Monitoring of field populations during 2009 in areas where Bt corn had been grown for 3 years found some enhanced survival of neonates at the diagnostic concentration but progeny of the diagnostic-concentration survivors did not survive on Bt corn, indicating that ACB populations in the Philippines remain susceptible to Cry1Ab-containing Bt corn hybrids. 相似文献
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通过室内生物测定,研究球孢白僵菌和苏云金芽胞杆菌联合防治玉米螟的效果。研究表明,确定白僵菌与苏云金芽胞杆菌浓度分别为1.0×106孢子/mL、1.0×109孢子/mL条件下,杀虫效果达到最佳,LT90为6.64(±0.07)d,较1.0×109的Bb LT90缩短26.06%。通过助剂悬浮率、乳化效果以及助剂对微生物活性影响等确定1个白僵菌与苏云金芽孢杆菌水悬浮剂剂型配方。田间防治玉米螟结果表明,两种生防菌均在防治过程中起作用,田间玉米受害株数、活虫数均明显低于未施药对照,防治效果优于单一使用白僵菌或苏云金芽胞杆菌。 相似文献
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Bt转基因玉米的抗虫效果及其对田间动物种群影响的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过比较Bt转基因玉米和常规玉米（丹玉13号）的玉米螟卵量、被害株数及田间一些动物的种群数量，结果表明：Bt转基因玉米对玉米螟具有较高的抗性，而且这种作用是持久的、稳定的。另外还发现，Bt转基因玉米对非鳞翅目昆虫及其他动物的影响甚微，可以认为Bt转基因玉米对田间生态环境是安全的。 相似文献
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转基因抗虫玉米对亚洲玉米螟的抗性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用田间人工接虫鉴定方法,根据玉米抗螟性田间鉴定评价标准,研究转基因玉米Bt799和NC6304YGRR对亚洲玉米螟的抗性.心叶期接虫试验结果表明,以食叶级别作为评价参数,2种转基因玉米对亚洲玉米螟具有良好的抗性,食叶级别均为1级;2种非转基因玉米食叶级别均大于7级.吐丝期接虫试验结果表明,以单株虫孔数、单株活虫数、单株隧道个数及单株隧道长度作为评价参数,2种转基因玉米对亚洲玉米螟抗性均显著高于各自对应的非转基因玉米.转基因抗虫玉米Bt799和NC6304YGRR田间抗虫效果良好,均能保护玉米在整个生育期内不受亚洲玉米螟危害. 相似文献
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GAO Fang-yuan REN Guang-jun LU Xian-jun HE Shu-lin CHEN Xiao-juan LU Dai-hua SUN Shu-xia LI Zhi-hua LIU Guang-chun ZHANG Yi-zheng 《水稻科学》2009,16(3):194-200
Bt5198, a new rice restorer line containing Bt gene, was developed from the cross and backcross of the elite restorer line Chenghui 177 with Bt Minghui 63, a transgenic Bt restorer line. The inbred lines were evaluated using PCR amplification, test paper evaluation, insect resistance evaluation in both the laboratory and paddy fields, nursery evaluation of rice blast resistance and pedigree selection of agronomic traits. Larval mortalities on Bt5198 and Bt Minghui 63 were 100% when rice culms were inoculated with the eggs of the striped stem borer (SSB) in the laboratory. Bt5198 was highly resistant against SSB and the yellow stem borer (YSB) under field conditions. The F1 hybrids derived from Bt5198 and four cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines were also highly resistant to SSB and YSB and had a significant heterosis. Two-year evaluation of rice blast resistance confirmed that the resistance levels of Bt5198 to leaf blast and neck blast were similar to those of Chenghui 177 and significantly better than those of Bt Minghui 63. Seed germination ability and pollen yield of Bt5198 were similar with Chenghui 177, suggesting that the introduction of the Bt gene into the new restorer line had no significant effects on seed vitality or the yield of seed production. To identify the presence of the Bt gene, it was effective to combine test paper examination with the evaluation of insect-resistance, both in the laboratory and under field conditions. 相似文献
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S.Y. TanB.F. Cayabyab E.P. AlcantaraY.B. Ibrahim F. HuangE.E. Blankenship B.D. Siegfried 《Crop Protection》2011,30(9):1184-1189
Transgenic corn hybrids that express toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are highly effective against the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), and the closely related Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée). Since the registration of Bt corn hybrids in the U.S. in 1996, there has been a great deal of information generated on O. nubilalis. However, relatively little information exists for O. furnacalis. To help determine whether the information generated for O. nubilalis can be leveraged for decisions regarding the use of transgenic Bt corn against O. furnacalis, experiments were designed to determine whether the pattern of sensitivity to various Bt Cry1 toxins is similar between the two species. Test insects included laboratory-reared O. furnacalis originating from Malaysia, a Bt-susceptible laboratory colony of O. nubilalis maintained at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) and an out-group consisting of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), from Louisiana which represents a different genus from the same family. O. furnacalis and O. nubilalis exhibited a similar pattern of susceptibility to all the Cry1 toxins and were highly susceptible to the range of Bt toxins tested including Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac and Cry1F. Both of the Ostrinia species were more tolerant to Cry1Ba compared with D. saccharalis, although sensitivity of O. furnacalis was intermediate and did not differ significantly from that of O. nubilalis and D. saccharalis. D. saccharalis was also susceptible to the range of toxins tested but unlike the two Ostrinia species, was more tolerant to Cry1F and more susceptible to Cry1Ba. These results indicate that both of the Ostrinia corn borer species are similar in sensitivity to the Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba and Cry1F toxins, thus suggesting shared toxin receptors and mechanisms of toxicity for the two species. 相似文献