共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
2.
Development of molecular immunoassay system for probiotics via toll-like receptors based on food immunology 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Haruki KITAZAWA Masanori TOHNO Takeshi SHIMOSATO Tadao SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(1):11-21
Recent interest has focused on the importance of intestinal immunity for the host defense, but to date, not much is known about the underlying mechanisms. The toll‐like receptor (TLR) family plays an important role in host defense through recognizing bacterial pathogen‐associated molecular patterns. Our recent research on the physiological function of food products has investigated the immunoregulatory effects of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) via TLR. Studies of swine, which often substitute for a human model, have demonstrated intestinal immunoregulation by the probiotic LAB mediated by TLR in the gut. On the basis of our study, efforts have also been made to develop a molecular immunoassay system for probiotic LAB and find novel immunostimulatory DNA sequences from probiotics and high potential immunobiotic LAB strains via TLR signaling. These findings may provide important clues at the molecular level on TLR signal transduction pathways and recognition mechanisms for the ligands. They also provide impetus to further delineate the activation mechanism of the innate immune response. In addition to identifying immunoregulatory factor immunogenics from LAB, a better understanding of intestinal immune regulation through cytokine networks holds out promise for basic food immunology research and the development of immunobiotic foods to prevent specific diseases. 相似文献
3.
Desrayni Hanadhita Anisa Rahma Andhika Yudha Prawira Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari Aryani Sismin Satyaningtijas Eiichi Hondo Srihadi Agungpriyono 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(4):315-324
Spleen is one of the important lymphoid organs with wide variations of morphological and physiological functions according to species. Morphology and function of the spleen in bats, which are hosts to several viral strains without exhibiting clinical symptoms, remain to be fully elucidated. This study aims to examine the spleen morphology of fruit bats associated with their physiological functions. Spleen histological observations were performed in three fruit bats species: Cynopterus titthaecheilus (n = 9), Rousettus leschenaultii (n = 3) and Pteropus vampyrus (n = 3). The spleens of these fruit bats were surrounded by a thin capsule. Red pulp consisted of splenic cord and wide vascular space filled with blood. Ellipsoids in all three studied species were found numerously and adjacent to one another forming macrophages aggregates. White pulp consisted of periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS), lymphoid follicles and marginal zone. The lymphoid follicle contained a germinal centre and a tingible body macrophage that might reflect an active immune system. The marginal zone was prominent and well developed. This study reports some differences in spleen structure of fruit bats compared to other bat species previously reported and discusses possible physiological implications of the spleen based on its morphology. 相似文献
4.
法氏囊为鸟类特有的中枢免疫器官,是B淋巴细胞成熟与分化的场所。论文从法氏囊组织结构发育、发生与退化、相关传染性疾病及病理机制进行综述,并着重从存在于法氏囊中的相关免疫活性因子来阐述其生理功能的发育,同时提出了增强法氏囊免疫生理功能的几点措施,为今后对法氏囊生理功能的进一步研究提供基础资料。 相似文献
5.
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) infection resulting in clinical signs is invariably fatal despite clinical intervention. As FIP is an immune-mediated disease, treatment is mainly aimed at controlling the immune response triggered by the infection with the feline coronavirus (FCoV). Immune suppressive drugs such as prednisone or cyclophosphamide may slow disease progression but do not produce a cure. In nearly every published case report of attempted therapy for clinical FIP, glucocorticoids have been used; there are, however, no controlled studies that evaluate the effect of glucocorticoids as a therapy for FIP. Some veterinarians prescribe immune modulators to treat cats with FIP with no documented controlled evidence of efficacy. It has been suggested that these agents may benefit infected animals by restoring compromised immune function, thereby allowing the patient to control viral burden and recover from clinical signs. However, a non-specific stimulation of the immune system may be contraindicated as clinical signs develop and progress as a result of an immune-mediated response to the mutated FCoV. 相似文献
6.
传统的免疫增强剂,如左旋咪唑、催乳素等多属于化学合成或激素类物质。它们虽然通过增强养殖动物免疫力,提高了生产性能,但却降低了产品的营养价值,并可能危及食品安全,基于中草药研制的免疫增强剂应用于养殖业可解决这一难题。地黄对免疫系统具有广泛的药理作用:地黄多糖、低聚糖、水提液以及合剂等可通过调节免疫器官、免疫细胞和免疫分子的功能,平衡机体免疫系统。众多国内外学者开展了地黄的免疫调节研究,文中通过查阅大量国内外文献,综述了近年来地黄调节机体免疫作用的研究进展,以期为研制地黄类免疫增强剂提供参考。 相似文献
7.
光照信息是自然界中最重要的环境因素之一,它通过对动物的视觉系统和昼夜节律生物钟系统的调控,进而影响着生物体的多种生理功能。肉鸡属于光敏感动物,其视网膜和松果体上存在着不同的光感受器以及昼夜节律生物钟,通过位于其上的光受体接受外界环境的光信息（光照波长、光照周期和光照强度）,再把不同光信息处理后转化为特定的生物信号,从而影响机体的生长发育、生产性能和免疫功能。作者综述了不同的光照信息：光照周期、光照强度及光照波长对肉鸡免疫功能的增强或抑制作用并重点讲述了褪黑激素通过其受体途径和非受体途径（抗氧化作用）介导着不同光照波长（光色）对肉鸡免疫功能的调控,以期为现代化肉鸡养殖过程中合理运用光照信息提供理论依据。 相似文献
8.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: An increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections of the respiratory tract, which results in a loss of performance, has been reported in racehorses. Much research has focused on the influence of high-intensity exercise of a short duration on immune system function in horses, but scant attention has been given to prolonged endurance exercise as an immune modulator. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an 80 km endurance race on the monocyte and neutrophil oxidative burst, serum cortisol, glutamine and plasma glucose concentrations in 8 endurance-trained horses (mean +/- s.d. age 9.4 +/- 2.2 years). METHODS: Blood samples were drawn from the horses prior to and following an 80 km ride. RESULTS: Mean time for completion of the 80 km race was 306 +/- 40 mins. Immediately post race mean serum cortisol concentration, blood monocyte and neutrophil counts were higher and blood lymphocyte counts and plasma glucose concentration were lower compared with prerace values (P < 0.05). Neutrophil and monocyte oxidative burst activity decreased following the race and had not regained prerace values after 3 days of rest (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that long duration exercise in horses has a negative impact on the function of the innate immune system that lasts several days post race. Precise mechanisms instigating the fall in innate immune system function are unclear and multifactorial, but may be attributed, at least in part, to a high serum cortisol response during very prolonged exercise. POTENTIAL CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A prolonged bout of exercise results in a long-term suppression of the innate immune system function in horses which may, in part, account for the observed increase of infectious episodes in horses during training. 相似文献
9.
Dongge GUO Bo LUO Kangkang ZHANG Muxun LIU Walter METZNER Ying LIU Jiang FENG 《Integrative zoology》2019,14(5):446-459
Acoustic signals play a crucial role in transmitting information and maintaining social stability in gregarious animals, especially in echolocating bats, which rely primarily on biological sonar for navigating in the dark. In the context of foraging without relying on tactile, visual or olfactory cues, acoustic signals convey information not only on food but also on ownership and defense of resources. However, studies on such information remain fragmentary. In the present study, we aim to document the social vocal repertoire of Myotis macrodactylus at natural foraging sites. Multiple acoustic analyses and spectrographic classification revealed a rich foraging vocal repertoire comprising 6 simple syllables and 2 composites. Discriminant function analyses associated with a subset‐validation procedure provided an optimal method to spectrographically classify all recorded sounds into different syllable types. Multidimensional scaling of median values of multiple parameters further confirmed notable differences among these syllables in a 3‐D space. In addition, Euclidean distance analysis showed that there were some spectral similarities between specific social vocal syllables and feeding buzzes, which implied a potential jamming role. Altogether, the data indicate that bats at foraging sites under natural conditions used variant social vocalizations with different functions in addition to echolocation calls, providing supporting evidence for further work on the function and vocal mechanisms of acoustic communication in mammals. 相似文献
10.
The anatomy of the avian gastrointestinal (GI) tract is unique and significantly different from that of other animals. The characteristics of the avian GI tract allow the different species to adapt and thrive in their habitats. Infectious diseases of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic origin commonly affect avian species. The significance and the nature of these pathologies vary with species and if they live in the wild or a captive environment. This review compiles information available in the literature on specific infectious processes that were considered relevant and clinically significant by the authors. Clinicians should be knowledgeable and aware of the infectious agents, clinical signs associated with disease, diagnostic techniques, and treatment methodologies currently available regarding diseases that affect the avian GI tract. Recent information that provides new insight to these infectious processes is the focus of this article. 相似文献
11.
Five groups of eight fattening pigs were vaccinated and then infected with Aujeszky's disease virus. Viral excretion was evaluated by two means: deep nasal swabbing and air sampling. It appeared that infectious airborne virus could be recovered from day 1 to day 6 after infection in the isolated units where control animals were raised. In vaccinated animals, airborne particles were also detected but the amount and duration varied in relation to their immune status at the day of virulent challenge: viral excretion was significantly lower in pigs presenting a high antibody level (1/16 to 1/64) just before infection. Results obtained with nasal swabs and with air samples were closely related. Despite its low sensitivity, the air sampling procedure could be considered as an efficient tool for reflecting infectious viral pressure in a confined atmosphere. 相似文献
12.
Omatsu T Bak EJ Ishii Y Kyuwa S Tohya Y Akashi H Yoshikawa Y 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,124(1-2):169-176
Bats are considered to be natural reservoirs for several viruses of clinical importance, including rabies virus, Nipah virus, and Hendra virus. Type I interferons (IFNs) is an important part of the immune system in the defense against viral infection. To investigate the function of type I IFNs upon viral infection in bats, the nucleic acid, and amino acid sequences of Egyptian Rousette (Rousettus aegyptiacus) IFN-alpha and -beta were characterized. Sequence data indicated that bat IFN-alpha consists of 562-bp encoded 187-aa, and IFN-beta consisted of 558-bp encoded 186-aa. Phylogenetic analysis of the overall identity of IFN-beta shared the highest sequence homology with pig IFN-beta in both nucleotide and amino acid level. Stimulation of bat primary kidney cells (BPKCs) and bat lung cell lines, Tb-1 Lu, with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) or exogenous bat type I IFNs resulted in increased type I IFNs mRNA expression in BPKCs, but not in Tb-1 Lu. Characterization of the bat IFN-alpha and -beta genes allows understanding of the immune responses upon stimulation in different tissues, thus providing practical strategies for control and treatment of clinically important diseases. These results are important especially for the virus infection, and suggest that future molecular studies on virus infection experiment of bats in vitro will require careful consideration of the differences of type I IFN expression patterns in different cell types. 相似文献
13.
MA Stevenson RL Sanson AO Miranda KA Lawrence RS Morris 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):264-272
To mitigate the effects of risks to food safety and infectious disease outbreaks in farmed animals, animal health authorities need to have systems in place to identify and trace the source of identified problems in a timely manner. In the event of emergencies, these systems will allow infected or contaminated premises (and/or animals) to be identified and contained, and will allow the extent of problems to be communicated to consumers and trading partners in a clear and unambiguous manner. The key to achieving these goals is the presence of an effective animal health decision support system that will provide the facilities to record and store detailed information about cases and the population at risk, allowing information to be reported back to decision makers when it is required. Described here are the components of an animal health decision support system, and the ways these components can be used to enhance food safety, responses to infectious disease incursions, and animal health and productivity. Examples are provided to illustrate the benefit these systems can return, using data derived from countries that have such systems (or parts of systems) in place. Emphasis is placed on the features that make particular system components effective, and strategies to ensure that these are kept up to date. 相似文献
14.
Stevenson MA Sanson RL Miranda AO Lawrence KA Morris RS 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2007,55(6):264-272
To mitigate the effects of risks to food safety and infectious disease outbreaks in farmed animals, animal health authorities need to have systems in place to identify and trace the source of identified problems in a timely manner. In the event of emergencies, these systems will allow infected or contaminated premises (and/or animals) to be identified and contained, and will allow the extent of problems to be communicated to consumers and trading partners in a clear and unambiguous manner. The key to achieving these goals is the presence of an effective animal health decision support system that will provide the facilities to record and store detailed information about cases and the population at risk, allowing information to be reported back to decision makers when it is required. Described here are the components of an animal health decision support system, and the ways these components can be used to enhance food safety, responses to infectious disease incursions, and animal health and productivity. Examples are provided to illustrate the benefit these systems can return, using data derived from countries that have such systems (or parts of systems) in place. Emphasis is placed on the features that make particular system components effective, and strategies to ensure that these are kept up to date. 相似文献
15.
16.
Flies AS Grant CK Mansfield LS Smith EJ Weldele ML Holekamp KE 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,145(1-2):110-119
Animals that hunt and scavenge are often exposed to a broad array of pathogens. Theory predicts the immune systems of animals specialized for scavenging should have been molded by selective pressures associated with surviving microbial assaults from their food. Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) are capable hunters that have recently descended from carrion feeding ancestors. Hyenas have been documented to survive anthrax and rabies infections, and outbreaks of several other viral diseases that decimated populations of sympatric carnivores. In light of the extreme disease resistance manifested by spotted hyenas, our objective was to identify tools available for studying immune function in spotted hyenas and use these tools to document the hyena antibody response to immunization. Domestic cats (Felis catus) are the closest phylogenetic relatives of hyenas that have been studied in detail immunologically, and we hypothesized that anti-cat isotype-specific antibodies would cross react with hyena immunoglobulin epitopes. We used ELISA and Western blots to test isotype-specific anti-feline antibodies for specific cross-reaction to hyena Ig epitopes. Molecular weights of heavy (IgA, IgG, IgM) and light chains of hyena immunoglobulins were determined by protein electrophoresis, and as expected, they were found to be similar to feline immunoglobulins. In order to further validate the cross-reactivity of the anti-feline antibodies and document the hyena humoral response, eight spotted hyenas were immunized with dinitrophenol conjugated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH) and serum anti-DNP responses were monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for one year. The full array of isotype-specific antibodies identified here will allow veterinarians and other researchers to thoroughly investigate the hyena antibody response, and can be used in future studies to test hypotheses about pathogen exposure and immune function in this species. 相似文献
17.
18.
Beirão BC Fávaro C Nakao LS Caron LF Zanata SM Mercadante AF 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,145(1-2):32-41
Broilers and layer chickens have been intensively selected for production parameters. This selection has affected immune capacity. Consequently, the fine-tuning of immune responses is becoming important for maximum productivity. Flow cytometry is a recurrent technology used for the immunophenotyping of birds. Studies, however, have focused on the mechanism of specific diseases or have used animals whose immunological condition could be biased-by vaccination or environmental stressors, for example. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune status of specific-pathogen-free birds across different age ranges to characterize the natural changes that occur over time. Additionally, specific-pathogen-free chickens were challenged with four infectious agents, allowing identification of the subpopulations of peripheral blood immune cells that are consistently altered under various conditions. Several lymphocyte subsets vary naturally with aging, so the interpretation of results using animals of different age ranges must proceed with care. Parameters such as CD8(+)CD28(-), CD8αα(+), CD4(+)CD8(+), and CD8(+)TCRVβ1(+) have been shown to be valuable in understanding immune changes during disease. The use of these data allows a determination of the consistency of cytometric parameters under various conditions, which should ease the interpretation of immunophenotyping and the future application of cytometric analysis in the poultry industry. 相似文献
19.
W Langhans 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1989,131(9):521-535
Taste has a dual role. Like other senses it informs the individual about the external world, but unlike other senses it connects that perception with information about the internal environment. The principal function of taste is similar in all higher species. Molecules act on specialized sensory cells (= taste cells) in various regions of the oral cavity thus triggering signals, which are relayed to the cortex via afferent nerves, the caudal hindbrain and the thalamus. Taste afferents also reach the hypothalamus and the limbic system. The taste of food triggers physiological and behavioral reactions in man and animals. Stimulation of taste cells immediately elicits salivation, secretion of gastric acid and pancreatic juice as well as secretion of gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones. Innate and learned taste preferences or aversions play an important role in food selection and taste aversions are considered to be reliable indicators of malaise. Neural signals from the periphery or humoral factors which are sensed by receptors in the central nervous system both can change the acceptance of a certain taste. Endogenous opiates in the brain seem to play a special role in the modulation of taste perception. The amygdala is apparently a brain area which is particularly important for taste perception. 相似文献