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1.
利用MISA软件对双须骨舌鱼(Osteoglossum bicirrhosum)性腺转录组测序获得的188 461条Unigene进行SSR检测,结果在11 917个Unigene中共检测到SSR位点12 578个,其中包含2个及以上SSR位点的Unigene有633个。SSR的发生频率为6.32%,平均分布距离为9 949 bp。在筛选到的SSR位点中,优势重复基序为二核苷酸、三核苷酸和四核苷酸,其中二核苷酸重复基序数量最多,占总数的50.52%。重复基元类型共216种,其中数量最多的类型为二核苷酸重复AC/GT,占总数的20.66%。从所有筛选出的SSR位点中随机选取50个位点并运用Primer Premier 5.0设计引物,共有25对引物成功扩增出特异性产物,并且均在同科的美丽硬仆骨舌鱼(Scleropages formosus)的三个亚种中通用。结果表明,转录组测序产生的EST序列是开发SSR标记的有效来源,开发所得EST-SSR引物可用于双须骨舌鱼及其近缘物种遗传分析、遗传图谱构建以及分子标记辅助育种等工作中。  相似文献   

2.
为开展江鳕(Lota lota)遗传多样性、系统分化分析,开发有效分子标记,采用转录组测序RNA-seq方法,挖掘江鳕微卫星标记。结果显示:通过聚类、从头组装和拼接,获得Unigene共计106 084条。所有的Unigene中,共识别17 619个SSR位点,包含SSR位点的Unigene序列数量为10 893条,占总Unigene的10.27%。江鳕转录组中SSR含量较为丰富,一至六核苷酸重复类型均存在。其中,单核苷酸重复类型的数量最多(7 102个),占总SSR位点数的40.31%。江鳕转录组SSR位点中,以10次重复次数最多,达2 788个位点,占总SSR位点的15.82%。江鳕转录组SSR的片段长度从10～66 bp均有分布,大部分集中在10～24 bp,占SSR总数的87.24%。  相似文献   

3.
基于牙鲆RNA-seq数据中SSR标记的信息分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)进行转录组测序(RNA-seq),利用Micro SAtellite(MISA)软件对1~6个碱基重复、碱基数在10 bp以上的微卫星进行鉴定。结果表明,牙鲆转录组水平上,共发现42 183个SSR位点,分布在26 457条Unigene上,发生频率为27.12%,平均密度为339个/Mbp。获得的SSR一共有216种重复基元,其中二核苷酸重复基元类型数量最多,共有17 570个,占所鉴定SSR总数的41.65%。同时用SPSS statistics 20.0软件对牙鲆转录组SSR的多态性进行了评估。  相似文献   

4.
本研究基于高通量测序获得的曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)转录组数据,采用MISA(MIcro SAtellite)软件对其简单序列重复(Simple sequence repeat,SSR)位点进行了高通量发掘。组装并去冗余后,得到127575个Unigene,序列拼接的总长度为103104058 bp。对Unigene序列进行SSR分析,共得到62124个SSR(完整型SSR 36813个),分布在50626条Unigene序列当中,SSR出现频率为48.70%,平均16.6 kb出现1个SSR。微卫星序列主要以二碱基重复类型为主(31227,50.27%),其次为三碱基重复(16230,26.13%)。共发现122种碱基重复基元,在所有重复基元中(AT/AT)n占的比例最高为23.33%,其次为(AAAG/CTTT)n(17.42%)。曼氏无针乌贼SSR(完整型)的平均长度为25.87 bp,微卫星主要为重复长度大于20 bp的长序列,长度大于20 bp的微卫星序列占总数的51%。本研究发现,曼氏无针乌贼微卫星出现的频率和其长度呈极显著负相关(P0.01),相关系数为–0.594。该研究结果为开发高度多态性微卫星引物进行曼氏无针乌贼亲缘关系鉴定、种群遗传多样性和增殖放流效果评估等研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

5.
本研究基于毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)的转录组数据,利用MISA软件对其中的微卫星位点进行挖掘。从35 555条unigene中共获得3987个SSR,SSR出现频率达11.21%。SSR重复类型主要以二核苷酸重复为主(58.06%),其次为三核苷酸重复(19.04%)。共有182种重复基元,不同类型SSR的重复基元分布特征不同,其中,二核苷酸重复基元中AC/GT类型比例最高,为45.70%。毛蚶转录组中SSR重复次数主要集中在5~7次,SSR长度主要集中在12~29 bp,多态性均在中等以上。利用筛选出的14对SSR引物在山东潍坊毛蚶野生群体中进行遗传多样性分析,结果显示,平均有效等位基因数(Na)、平均观测杂合度(Ho)、平均期望杂合度(He)和多态性信息含量(PIC)分别为15.4、0.682、0.852和0.817,从PIC值来看,本研究开发的14个微卫星标记均属高多态性标记(PIC≥0.5)。此外,有7个位点显著偏离哈迪–温伯格平衡(Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, HWE) (P<0.05)。结果表明,基于毛蚶转录组数据开发微卫星标记是切实可行的,研究结果丰富了毛蚶的分子标记数量,对毛蚶的种群遗传学分析、遗传图谱构建及分子辅助育种等研究具有重要意义。  相似文献   

6.
以密斑刺鲀(Diodon hystrix)为研究对象,利用RNA-seq技术进行转录组测序及序列组装,最终获得221762条Unigene序列,N50为2240 nt,GC含量为46.20%。利用MISA软件从该转录组数据中搜索到106221个符合条件的SSR位点,分布于62451条Unigene中,发生频率为28.16%。优势重复单元为单核苷酸、二核苷酸和三核苷酸,发生频率分别为48.99%、32.57%和14.72%,其中单核苷酸重复单元中以A/T为主,占总SSR位点数的46.21%,二和三核苷酸重复单元分别以AC/GT和AGG/CCT为主,占比分别为21.90%和2.70%。选取SSR长度大于等于20 bp的位点设计了17563个位点的引物,随机挑选160对位点引物进行扩增鉴定,筛选到95对有效扩增引物,占比为59.38%。通过多态性验证,最终获得30对稳定、可重复的多态性引物(占有效扩增引物的31.58%),其中15对引物表现出高多态性(PIC>0.5),这些高多态性引物具有评估密斑刺鲀群体多样性的潜力。结果表明,密斑刺鲀转录组数据可作为开发稳定的SSR标记的有效来源,该实验所开发的多态性SSR位点为进一步研究密斑刺鲀的遗传图谱和遗传多样性奠定了基础。  相似文献   

7.
为更好地开发军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)高多态性微卫星分子标记,本研究基于军曹鱼全基因组测序结果,利用MISA1.0软件对其简单重复序列(simple sequence repeat, SSR)的位点信息进行检索及分析。结果显示,基因组中共筛选出1~6个核苷酸为重复单元的SSR位点344 820个,其中,以单核苷酸重复序列最多(174 146个),占SSR总数的50.50%;其次为二核苷酸重复和三核苷酸重复序列,分别占SSR总数的30.23%和14.02%。在SSR包含的重复单元中,单核苷酸重复以A/T类型为主,AC/GT是二核苷酸的优势重复单元类型。军曹鱼基因组SSR核心序列重复次数在4~275次范围内波动,单核苷酸SSR重复数为10的最多,二核苷酸SSR重复次数为6的最多。本研究设置长度≥12 bp为筛选高多态性SSR位点的标准,共获得361 684个位点。在上述位点中随机选取100个候选位点进行基因分型检测,利用从中筛选到多态性较高的10个SSR标记分别对北海、陵水、硇洲、徐闻和三亚5个养殖群体进行遗传多样性分析,145尾个体中共检测到69个等位基因,观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)和多态信息含量(PIC)平均值分别为0.628、0.706和0.653。相关研究表明,军曹鱼基因组中SSR位点类型较为丰富、多态性潜能较高,从中筛选获得的多态性SSR标记可为军曹鱼分子标记辅助育种、群体遗传多样性评价等研究提供有力支持。  相似文献   

8.
目的进行雉鸡SSR分子标记的开发。方法在雉鸡分子标记未知的情况下,采用454测序平台结合SSR富集文库测序的高通量测序方法进行雉鸡SSR分子标记的开发,对测序数据进行分析与筛选。结果获得如下结果:①原始数据经质量过滤后的总reads数为289 008条,总碱基数为109 667 298个,含有SSR位点的序列数为48 168条;②单核苷酸重复SSR到六核苷酸重复SSR在雉鸡基因组中均有分布。其中单核苷酸重复SSR数目最多,达25 648个,占SSR位点总数的39.33%;双核苷酸和三核苷酸SSR数量亦较丰富,分别为19 618和9 299个,占SSR位点总数的30.08%和14.26%;而四核苷酸至六核苷酸重复SSR数目较少,三者的总和为10 651个,其中六核苷酸重复序列最少,仅为603个。结论通过雉鸡SSR分子标记数据库的构建,为雉鸡种质资源遗传多样性分析、分子标记辅助育种、遗传图谱构建和功能基因的挖掘等提供了有利工具。  相似文献   

9.
本研究应用生物信息学方法,对21种十足目甲壳动物EST-SSR的特点进行了归纳总结和分析。结果显示,不同物种间的EST-SSR丰度存在明显差异,腹胚亚目中脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)的EST-SSR位点最为丰富(868.02个/Mb),拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)位点丰度最低(286.48个/Mb);枝鳃亚目中斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon) EST-SSR位点最为丰富(641.19个/Mb),白滨对虾(Litopenaeus setiferus)位点丰度最低(166.96个/Mb);腹胚亚目和枝鳃亚目中均是二、三、四核苷酸基元的SSR较为常见,在腹胚亚目中占总数的41.11%,在枝鳃亚目中占总数的28.00%;复合(Ⅰ)类型的SSR在腹胚亚目(51.38%)和枝鳃亚目(65.13%)中占很大比例;腹胚亚目二核苷酸基元的SSR中AC/GT分布频率最高,三核苷酸基元的SSR中ACC/GGT和AAT/ATT占优势;枝鳃亚目二核苷酸基元的SSR中AG/CT占优势,三核苷酸基元的SSR中AAT/ATT的分布频率高于其他三核苷酸基元。此外,对脊尾白虾含有SSR的EST进行GO分析后发现,细胞代谢过程、链接产物、细胞组分和细胞的比例分别在3个类型的注释中占优势。本研究加深了对十足目甲壳动物SSR分布规律的认识,可为甲壳动物EST-SSR标记的开发及实际应用提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
采用生物信息学方法分析了文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)转录组中微卫星序列(简单重复序列,simple sequence repeat)的分布规律。结果表明:在文蛤转录组SSR中,单碱基重复序列的数量最多,有3001个;其次为三碱基和四碱基重复序列,分别为2254和2200个;二碱基重复序列1052个;五碱基重复序列332个;六碱基重复序列最少,仅13个。文蛤转录组SSR共包含26种重复基元,其中优势基元为单碱基重复A/T有2809个,其次为三碱基重复AAC/TTG有907个,四碱基和二碱基重复中的AAAC/TTTG和AT/TA分别有588和561个,说明文蛤转录组微卫星位点的分布对A/T具有偏好性。文蛤完整SSR的平均长度为18.34 bp,长度分布在12~20 bp,约占41%。研究结果将为研究文蛤SSR标记开发、群体遗传多样性、遗传连锁图谱、种质资源鉴定和分子遗传育种等后续研究提供基础数据。  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

17.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

18.
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.  相似文献   

19.
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.  相似文献   

20.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

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