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1.
SHARON L. ULLMAN dvm ms RANDY J. BOUDRIEAU dvm dipiomate acvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(1):11-17
A technique using a modification of the transilial pin technique for stabilization of fracture/ luxations of the lumbosacral joint was performed in six dogs. This technique used an internal skeletal fixator composed of two transilial pins secured with two double fixator clamps. Collapse (shortening) of the seventh lumbar vertebra (L7) was observed in five dogs without compromise of the vertebral canal. Kirschner wires placed across the articular facets as supplemental fixation devices migrated to the subcutaneous tissues in two dogs and were easily removed. Migration of the internal fixators was not observed during healing; vertebral canal dimensions were maintained in all cases, and the internal fixators were not removed after resolution of fracture healing. All fractures were healed within 6 to 12 weeks of surgery without evidence of pain, neurologic impairment, or long-term complications. 相似文献
2.
Jeffery ND Smith PM Talbot CE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,230(4):532-536
CASE DESCRIPTION: 3 immature screw-tailed dogs were evaluated because of progressive pelvic limb paraparesis. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Each dog had marked ataxia and paresis of the pelvic limbs and a palpable deformity of the midthoracic portion of the vertebral column. Pain perception in the pelvic limbs was considered normal, and there was no evidence of fecal or urinary incontinence in any of the 3 dogs. Radiography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed hemivertebrae with severe dorsoventral stenosis of the vertebral canal resulting in spinal cord compression in 2 dogs and lateral compression in the other. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Each dog underwent decompressive surgery consisting of dorsal laminectomy or hemilaminectomy and vertebral stabilization by use of combinations of Kirschner wires or threaded external fixator pins plus polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. All dogs regained strong locomotor function with minimal residual pelvic limb ataxia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Little detailed information regarding surgical treatment of hemivertebrae in dogs is available; results of treatment in these 3 dogs suggest that spinal cord decompression and stabilization of the vertebral column can achieve a satisfactory, functional outcome. 相似文献
3.
RON M. McLAUGHLIN Jr. DVM DVSC Dipiomate acvs D. MICHAEL TILLSON dvm 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(1):21-30
An external fixator consisting of two Ellis pins connected by a flexible band was developed and evaluated as a treatment for craniodorsal coxofemoral luxations in dogs. The technique for closed application of the fixator without injury to the coxofemoral joint or sciatic nerve was developed in six dog cadavers. The coxofemoral joints were then surgically destabilized and the limbs were manipulated through a full range of motion to assess the efficacy of the fixator in maintaining joint reduction. The fixator maintained joint reduction and stability after a surgically created craniodorsal luxation except when the femur was externally rotated 90d?. A flexible external fixator was then applied unilaterally in four healthy dogs. The dogs tolerated the fixator well and were bearing weight on the limb within 2 days after surgery; the range of motion was not limited by the fixator. The efficacy of a flexible external fixator in maintaining joint reduction after craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation was then evaluated in eight large dogs. The right coxofemoral joint in each dog was luxated surgically by removal of the dorsal joint capsule and transection of the ligament of the head of the femur and deep gluteal muscle. The joint was reduced and the fixator pins were applied in a closed fashion. In four dogs, a flexible external band was applied to the pins. Luxation did not reccur in these four dogs. The bands were not applied initially in four control dogs. Luxation occurred in three of the four control dogs within 24 hours of surgery. The joints that luxated were reduced and the flexible bands applied. Luxation did not recur after the bands were in place. The dogs tolerated the external fixators well, were bearing weight within 2 days of surgery, and walking with only minimal lameness 5 days after surgery. Luxation of the coxofemoral joints did not occur during the 2-week period in which the fixators were in place. The joints remained stable 1 week after removal of the fixators, at which time the dogs were euthanatized. Necropsy evaluation identified inflammation surrounding the pins and fibrous thickening of the dorsal joint capsule. The flexible external fixators were applied closed, maintained reduction of the coxofemoral joint after replacement of a craniodorsal luxation, and allowed weight bearing and limb usage soon after surgery. The flexible external fixator has several advantages over other methods of treating craniodorsal coxofemoral luxations. Complications noted in this study included pin tract drainage, pin loosening, and disruption of the flexible bands. 相似文献
4.
Objective: To report use of semicircular external skeletal fixators (ESF) for management of femoral fractures in dogs. Study Design: Prospective clinical study. Animals: Dogs (n=16) with femoral fractures (n=18). Methods: A semicircular ESF system composed of 6‐hole 45° or 5‐hole 40° carbon‐fiber arches, 6 mm threaded rods, half pin fixation bolts, 6 mm nuts, and negative profile end‐threaded half pins were used for open repair of femoral fractures. ESF configuration, complications, limb use, fixator removal time, and functional outcomes were evaluated. Outcome was graded as excellent, good, fair, or poor. Results: Seventeen fractures with sufficient follow‐up healed. Eight dogs started using the limb immediately after waking up from anesthesia whereas initial limb use was 1–4 days after repair in the other dogs. Time to fixator removal ranged from 28 to 63 days (mean, 38 days). Functional outcome was excellent in 13 cases, good in 4, and poor in 1 nonunion. Conclusion: Semicircular ESF combined with open surgical reduction can be used to successfully repair metaphyseal and diaphyseal femoral fractures in young growing dogs. 相似文献
5.
Ness MG 《The Journal of small animal practice》2006,47(2):83-88
OBJECTIVES: To assess the use of external skeletal fixation with open wound management for the treatment of inherently unstable open or infected fractures in dogs. METHODS: A retrospective review of 10 cases. RESULTS: Fracture stabilisation and wound management required only a single anaesthetic, and despite the challenging nature of these injuries, the final outcome was acceptable or good in every case. However, minor complications associated with the fixator pins were quite common, and two dogs developed complications which required additional surgery. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Open management of wounds, even when bone was exposed, proved to be an effective technique, and external skeletal fixators were usually effective at maintaining stability throughout an inevitably extended fracture healing period. 相似文献
6.
Objective— To describe diagnostic findings, surgical technique, and outcome in dogs with thoracic spinal canal stenosis and vertebral instability secondary to congenital vertebral anomalies.
Study Design— Retrospective clinical study.
Animals— Dogs (n=9) with thoracic spinal canal stenosis.
Methods— Medical records (1995–1996; 2000–2006) of 9 dogs with a myelographic diagnosis of spinal canal stenosis and/or vertebral instability secondary to congenital vertebral anomaly that were surgically managed by vertebral stabilization with or without laminectomy were reviewed. Data on pre- and postoperative neurologic status, diagnostic findings, surgical techniques, and outcomes were retrieved. Follow-up evaluations were performed at 1, 2, and 6 months. Long-term outcome was assessed by means of clinical examination or owner telephone interviews.
Results— Spinal cord compression was confirmed by myelography, and in 2 dogs, dynamic compression by stress myelography. Eight dogs regained the ability to ambulate postoperatively. One dog with a partial recovery regained voluntary movement but did not become ambulatory.
Conclusions— Spinal cord injury secondary to congenital vertebral anomaly may have a good outcome when treated by vertebral stabilization with or without laminectomy. Adequate stabilization of the vertebrae and improved neurologic outcome were achieved in most dogs.
Clinical Relevance— Vertebral stabilization using positively threaded profile pins and polymethylmethacrylate with or without laminectomy is an effective treatment for spinal canal stenosis and vertebral instability secondary to congenital thoracic vertebral anomalies. 相似文献
Study Design— Retrospective clinical study.
Animals— Dogs (n=9) with thoracic spinal canal stenosis.
Methods— Medical records (1995–1996; 2000–2006) of 9 dogs with a myelographic diagnosis of spinal canal stenosis and/or vertebral instability secondary to congenital vertebral anomaly that were surgically managed by vertebral stabilization with or without laminectomy were reviewed. Data on pre- and postoperative neurologic status, diagnostic findings, surgical techniques, and outcomes were retrieved. Follow-up evaluations were performed at 1, 2, and 6 months. Long-term outcome was assessed by means of clinical examination or owner telephone interviews.
Results— Spinal cord compression was confirmed by myelography, and in 2 dogs, dynamic compression by stress myelography. Eight dogs regained the ability to ambulate postoperatively. One dog with a partial recovery regained voluntary movement but did not become ambulatory.
Conclusions— Spinal cord injury secondary to congenital vertebral anomaly may have a good outcome when treated by vertebral stabilization with or without laminectomy. Adequate stabilization of the vertebrae and improved neurologic outcome were achieved in most dogs.
Clinical Relevance— Vertebral stabilization using positively threaded profile pins and polymethylmethacrylate with or without laminectomy is an effective treatment for spinal canal stenosis and vertebral instability secondary to congenital thoracic vertebral anomalies. 相似文献
7.
ROBERT L. BERGMAN DVM MS Diplomate ACVIM JONATHAN M. LEVINE DVM Diplomate ACVIM JOAN R. COATES DVM MS Diplomate ACVIM ANNE BAHR DVM MS Diplomate ACVR BIANCA F. HETTLICH T Diplomate ACVS SHARON C. KERWIN DVM MS Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2008,37(6):530-536
Objective— To evaluate use of a surgical technique commonly used in humans for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) in dogs.
Design— Prospective case series.
Animals— Dogs with CSM (n=10).
Methods— Dogs weighing >30 kg that had CSM at 1 vertebral articulation were eligible for inclusion. Dogs had vertebral column distraction/fusion performed using a cortical ring allograft, cancellous autograft, and a spinal locking plate. Dogs were evaluated temporally by repeat neurological examinations and by client perception of postsurgical outcome, determined by telephone interview.
Results— Nine dogs survived the immediate postoperative period. Seven of 8 dogs had moderate to complete improvement without recurrence (mean follow-up, 2.48 years). The most common postsurgical complications were screw loosening (n=4) and plate shifting (2), neither of which required surgical revision. One dog had pseudoarthrosis that may have negatively impacted outcome.
Conclusion— Treatment of single level CSM in dogs with ring allograft and a spinal locking plate system may lead to successful outcomes. The major problems encountered with included cost of the implants and adjusting the system designed for humans to fit the vertebral column of a dog.
Clinical Relevance— For dogs with CSM at a single level, the use of a spinal locking plate in combination with a cortical ring allograft can be an effective surgical treatment. Costs of the implants as well as anatomic differences in dogs make this type of surgery less appealing. 相似文献
Design— Prospective case series.
Animals— Dogs with CSM (n=10).
Methods— Dogs weighing >30 kg that had CSM at 1 vertebral articulation were eligible for inclusion. Dogs had vertebral column distraction/fusion performed using a cortical ring allograft, cancellous autograft, and a spinal locking plate. Dogs were evaluated temporally by repeat neurological examinations and by client perception of postsurgical outcome, determined by telephone interview.
Results— Nine dogs survived the immediate postoperative period. Seven of 8 dogs had moderate to complete improvement without recurrence (mean follow-up, 2.48 years). The most common postsurgical complications were screw loosening (n=4) and plate shifting (2), neither of which required surgical revision. One dog had pseudoarthrosis that may have negatively impacted outcome.
Conclusion— Treatment of single level CSM in dogs with ring allograft and a spinal locking plate system may lead to successful outcomes. The major problems encountered with included cost of the implants and adjusting the system designed for humans to fit the vertebral column of a dog.
Clinical Relevance— For dogs with CSM at a single level, the use of a spinal locking plate in combination with a cortical ring allograft can be an effective surgical treatment. Costs of the implants as well as anatomic differences in dogs make this type of surgery less appealing. 相似文献
8.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of treatment of long bone defects and extremity shortness in 5 dogs using circular external skeletal fixator. In one case a bone necrosis and osteomyelitis shortened radius by 7.0 cm; however in others extremity shortening between 3.0 and 6.0 cm affected radius-ulna or tibia. 2 or 3 rings of 80.0-100.0 mm diameters, and 3 rods were used as a circular external skeletal fixator. The distractions at the rate of 0.5 mm X 2 times/day were performed following a latent period of 3 days after the corticotomy. Unifocal internal lengthening for case 1 and unifocal external lengthening for the others were performed. Distraction was performed between 30 and 70 days (mean 50 days). It was noted that the circular external skeletal fixator was well-tolerated in all cases. The first usages of limbs in all cases were on postoperative day between 8 and 43 (mean 22 days). The radiographic follow-up examinations revealed a complete consolidation on postoperative day between 35 and 75 (mean 55.6 days). The fixators were removed on the postoperative day between 45 and 85 (mean 65 days). The treatment was successful in restoring the appropriate length of the limbs. After removing the fixator, functional and cosmetic results were graded as excellent in 3 cases, good in one case and fair in one case. 相似文献
9.
Leasure CS Lewis DD Sereda CW Mattern KL Jehn CT Wheeler JL 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2007,36(7):633-643
Objective— To describe percutaneous fluoroscopically assisted placement of a trans-iliosacral rod to stabilize sacroiliac fracture-luxations after limited open reduction.
Study Design— Retrospective clinical case series.
Animals— Dogs (n=5) with sacroiliac fracture-luxations.
Methods— Medical records and radiographs were reviewed to evaluate implant placement, fracture reduction, pelvic canal diameter ratio, maintenance of reduction, implant stability, assessment of union, and to identify any complications. Owners were contacted to obtain long-term assessment of limb function.
Results— Dogs weighed between 6 and 31 kg. Trans-iliosacral rods were placed correctly traversing the sacral body. Mean (±SD) percent reduction of the sacroiliac joint was 92.9±6.6%. Pelvic canal diameter ratio did not differ significantly between time periods. With the exception of 1 dog, which died in the early postoperative period, all sacroiliac fracture-luxations healed without appreciable complications. Three dogs were sound and 1 dog had a subtle lameness at final physical and radiographic examination (mean±SD: 217±205 days). Owners assessed their dog's limb function (mean±SD: 355±205 days) as good or excellent.
Conclusions— Trans-iliosacral rods can be accurately placed using intraoperative fluoroscopy after limited open reduction of sacroiliac fracture-luxations. Trans-iliosacral rods provided bilateral secure fixation, allowed early weight-bearing and dogs consistently had good long-term clinical results.
Clinical Relevance— Trans-iliosacral rods are suitable implants for the stabilization of sacroiliac fracture-luxations, particularly in dogs with bilateral fracture-luxations and/or concurrent musculoskeletal injuries. 相似文献
Study Design— Retrospective clinical case series.
Animals— Dogs (n=5) with sacroiliac fracture-luxations.
Methods— Medical records and radiographs were reviewed to evaluate implant placement, fracture reduction, pelvic canal diameter ratio, maintenance of reduction, implant stability, assessment of union, and to identify any complications. Owners were contacted to obtain long-term assessment of limb function.
Results— Dogs weighed between 6 and 31 kg. Trans-iliosacral rods were placed correctly traversing the sacral body. Mean (±SD) percent reduction of the sacroiliac joint was 92.9±6.6%. Pelvic canal diameter ratio did not differ significantly between time periods. With the exception of 1 dog, which died in the early postoperative period, all sacroiliac fracture-luxations healed without appreciable complications. Three dogs were sound and 1 dog had a subtle lameness at final physical and radiographic examination (mean±SD: 217±205 days). Owners assessed their dog's limb function (mean±SD: 355±205 days) as good or excellent.
Conclusions— Trans-iliosacral rods can be accurately placed using intraoperative fluoroscopy after limited open reduction of sacroiliac fracture-luxations. Trans-iliosacral rods provided bilateral secure fixation, allowed early weight-bearing and dogs consistently had good long-term clinical results.
Clinical Relevance— Trans-iliosacral rods are suitable implants for the stabilization of sacroiliac fracture-luxations, particularly in dogs with bilateral fracture-luxations and/or concurrent musculoskeletal injuries. 相似文献
10.
Oxytocin Content of the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Dogs and Its Relationship to Pain Induced by Spinal Cord Compression 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
DOROTHY CIMINO BROWN DVM Diplomate ACVS SANDRA PERKOWSKI VMD PhD Diplomate ACVA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1998,27(6):607-611
Objectives —To determine whether oxytocin exists in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dogs and whether the amount of oxytocin in the CSF of dogs with neck or back pain caused by spinal cord compression is significantly different than that in the CSF of clinically normal dogs.
Study Design —Prospective controlled study.
Animal Population —A total of 15 purpose-bred beagles and 17 client-owned dogs.
Methods —CSF was collected by needle puncture of the cerebellar medullary cistern after induction of general anesthesia. Oxytocin levels within the samples were determined through radioimmunoassay.
Results —Dogs with spinal cord compression had significantly more oxytocin in their CSF than the clinically normal dogs (13.76 ± 2.0 pg/mL and 3.61 ± 0.63 pg/mL, respectively; P < .0001). Dogs with chronic signs (>7 days) had significantly more oxytocin in their CSF than dogs with acute signs (<7 days) (21.60 ± 0.86 pg/mL and 6.80 ± 0.81 pg/mL, respectively; P < .0001). Both acutely and chronically affected dogs had significantly more oxytocin in their CSF than the controls ( P < .005 and P < .0001 respectively).
Conclusions —Dogs with neck and back pain caused by spinal cord compression have significantly more oxytocin in their CSF than clinically normal dogs. Dogs with chronic clinical signs have significantly more oxytocin in their CSF than dogs with acute clinical signs.
Clinical Relevance —In humans, intrathecal injection of oxytocin is effective in treating low back pain for up to 5 hours. Intrathecal oxytocin may be a logical choice for perioperative analgesia in dogs undergoing myelography because the intrathecal space is accessed for injection of contrast agent. 相似文献
Study Design —Prospective controlled study.
Animal Population —A total of 15 purpose-bred beagles and 17 client-owned dogs.
Methods —CSF was collected by needle puncture of the cerebellar medullary cistern after induction of general anesthesia. Oxytocin levels within the samples were determined through radioimmunoassay.
Results —Dogs with spinal cord compression had significantly more oxytocin in their CSF than the clinically normal dogs (13.76 ± 2.0 pg/mL and 3.61 ± 0.63 pg/mL, respectively; P < .0001). Dogs with chronic signs (>7 days) had significantly more oxytocin in their CSF than dogs with acute signs (<7 days) (21.60 ± 0.86 pg/mL and 6.80 ± 0.81 pg/mL, respectively; P < .0001). Both acutely and chronically affected dogs had significantly more oxytocin in their CSF than the controls ( P < .005 and P < .0001 respectively).
Conclusions —Dogs with neck and back pain caused by spinal cord compression have significantly more oxytocin in their CSF than clinically normal dogs. Dogs with chronic clinical signs have significantly more oxytocin in their CSF than dogs with acute clinical signs.
Clinical Relevance —In humans, intrathecal injection of oxytocin is effective in treating low back pain for up to 5 hours. Intrathecal oxytocin may be a logical choice for perioperative analgesia in dogs undergoing myelography because the intrathecal space is accessed for injection of contrast agent. 相似文献
11.
D. Bianco P.J. Armstrong R.J. Washabau 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(5):1071-1078
Background: Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT) is a common hematologic disorder in dogs. Human intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG) may have a beneficial effect in canine IMT.
Hypothesis: A single hIVIG infusion (0.5 g/kg) in dogs with presumed primary IMT (pIMT) is a safe adjunctive emergency treatment to accelerate platelet count recovery and shorten hospitalization time without increasing the cost of patient care.
Animals: Eighteen client-owned dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of pIMT.
Methods: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Results: There were no identifiable immediate or delayed adverse reactions associated with hIVIG administration over a 6-month period. The median platelet count recovery time for the hIVIG group was 3.5 days (mean ± SD: 3.7 ± 1.3 days; range, 2–7 days) and 7.5 days (mean ± SD: 7.8 ± 3.9 days; range, 3–12 days) for the placebo group. The median duration of hospitalization for hIVIG group was 4 days (mean ± SD: 4.2 ± 0.4 days; range, 2–8 days) and 8 days (mean ± SD: 8.3 ± 0.6 days; range, 4–12 days) for the placebo group. There was no significant difference between groups with respect to expense of initial patient care, whereas significant reduction in platelet count recovery time ( P = .018) and duration of hospitalization ( P = .027) were detected in the hIVIG group.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Compared with corticosteroids alone, adjunctive emergency therapy of a single hIVIG infusion was safe and associated with a significant reduction in platelet count recovery time and duration of hospitalization without increasing the expense of medical care in a small group of dogs with presumed pIMT. 相似文献
Hypothesis: A single hIVIG infusion (0.5 g/kg) in dogs with presumed primary IMT (pIMT) is a safe adjunctive emergency treatment to accelerate platelet count recovery and shorten hospitalization time without increasing the cost of patient care.
Animals: Eighteen client-owned dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of pIMT.
Methods: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Results: There were no identifiable immediate or delayed adverse reactions associated with hIVIG administration over a 6-month period. The median platelet count recovery time for the hIVIG group was 3.5 days (mean ± SD: 3.7 ± 1.3 days; range, 2–7 days) and 7.5 days (mean ± SD: 7.8 ± 3.9 days; range, 3–12 days) for the placebo group. The median duration of hospitalization for hIVIG group was 4 days (mean ± SD: 4.2 ± 0.4 days; range, 2–8 days) and 8 days (mean ± SD: 8.3 ± 0.6 days; range, 4–12 days) for the placebo group. There was no significant difference between groups with respect to expense of initial patient care, whereas significant reduction in platelet count recovery time ( P = .018) and duration of hospitalization ( P = .027) were detected in the hIVIG group.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Compared with corticosteroids alone, adjunctive emergency therapy of a single hIVIG infusion was safe and associated with a significant reduction in platelet count recovery time and duration of hospitalization without increasing the expense of medical care in a small group of dogs with presumed pIMT. 相似文献
12.
Objective— To describe outcome after an alternative unilateral approach to the thoracolumbar spine for dorsal laminectomy.
Study Design— Retrospective clinical study.
Animals— Dogs (n=14) with thoracolumbar spinal cord compression.
Methods— Thoracolumbar spinal cord compression was lateral (6 dogs), dorsal (4), and dorsolateral (4) caused by subarachnoid (7) and synovial cysts (2) and intradural-extramedullary neoplasia (5). All dogs were treated by dorsal laminectomy with osteotomy of the spinous process using a unilateral paramedian approach. The contralateral paraspinal muscles were not stripped from the spinous process and the osteoligamentous complexes were preserved. Retraction of the spinous process and muscles to the contralateral side resulted in complete visualization of the dorsal vertebral arch thereby allowing dorsal laminectomy to be performed.
Results— No technique complications occurred. Approximately 75% exposure of the spinal cord (dorsal and lateral compartments) was achieved providing adequate visualization and treatment of the lesions. Transient deterioration of neurologic state occurred in 5 dogs because of extensive spinal cord manipulation. At long-term follow-up, 6 dogs were normal, 6 had clinical improvement, and 2 were unchanged.
Conclusion— Dorsal laminectomy after osteotomy and retraction of the spinous process may be considered in canine patients with dorsal, dorsolateral, or lateral compression to facilitate adequate decompression of the spinal cord.
Clinical Significance— This surgical technique offers an alternative approach to the thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord by a modified dorsal laminectomy that preserves the paraspinal muscle integrity on the contralateral side. 相似文献
Study Design— Retrospective clinical study.
Animals— Dogs (n=14) with thoracolumbar spinal cord compression.
Methods— Thoracolumbar spinal cord compression was lateral (6 dogs), dorsal (4), and dorsolateral (4) caused by subarachnoid (7) and synovial cysts (2) and intradural-extramedullary neoplasia (5). All dogs were treated by dorsal laminectomy with osteotomy of the spinous process using a unilateral paramedian approach. The contralateral paraspinal muscles were not stripped from the spinous process and the osteoligamentous complexes were preserved. Retraction of the spinous process and muscles to the contralateral side resulted in complete visualization of the dorsal vertebral arch thereby allowing dorsal laminectomy to be performed.
Results— No technique complications occurred. Approximately 75% exposure of the spinal cord (dorsal and lateral compartments) was achieved providing adequate visualization and treatment of the lesions. Transient deterioration of neurologic state occurred in 5 dogs because of extensive spinal cord manipulation. At long-term follow-up, 6 dogs were normal, 6 had clinical improvement, and 2 were unchanged.
Conclusion— Dorsal laminectomy after osteotomy and retraction of the spinous process may be considered in canine patients with dorsal, dorsolateral, or lateral compression to facilitate adequate decompression of the spinal cord.
Clinical Significance— This surgical technique offers an alternative approach to the thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord by a modified dorsal laminectomy that preserves the paraspinal muscle integrity on the contralateral side. 相似文献
13.
Objective— To describe surgical correction of pes varus deformity in Dachshunds by acute medial opening wedge osteotomy of the distal aspect of the tibia stabilized with a hybrid external skeletal fixator (HESF), and report clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Study Design— Multicenter, retrospective clinical study.
Animals— Immature Dachshunds (n=13) with pes varus deformity.
Methods— Limb function and lameness scores were assigned before and after surgery, and correction was determined visually at surgery. Tibiotarsal joint orientation (TTJO) and medial and lateral tibial cortex lengths, measured on radiographs of deformed and normal (when available) limbs, were compared before correction and after fixator removal.
Results— Pes varus deformities (n=14) were corrected; 93% had good to excellent clinical outcome. None of the dogs had a normal preoperative gait. Mean TTJO of abnormal and normal tibiae before surgery were 29° varus (median, 28°), and 12° valgus (median, 12°). Angular correction ranged from 20° to 51° (mean, 36±8°; median, 36°). M e an TTJO after fixator removal was 7° valgus (median, 7°). Two dogs had minor transient postoperative complications whereas 3 had major complications; only 1 of which was resolved.
Conclusions— Pes varus deformity in Dachshunds can be corrected by acute medial opening wedge osteotomy of the distal aspect of the tibia stabilized by HESF. Technique modifications are needed to improve correction precision.
Clinical Relevance— Visual inspection of limb alignment during surgery resulted in good to excellent clinical outcomes; however, 91% of tibiae were under- or overcorrected (mean, 6°; median, 5°). Limb alignment should be based on evaluation of immediate postoperative TTJO measurements, not solely on intraoperative visual assessment. 相似文献
Study Design— Multicenter, retrospective clinical study.
Animals— Immature Dachshunds (n=13) with pes varus deformity.
Methods— Limb function and lameness scores were assigned before and after surgery, and correction was determined visually at surgery. Tibiotarsal joint orientation (TTJO) and medial and lateral tibial cortex lengths, measured on radiographs of deformed and normal (when available) limbs, were compared before correction and after fixator removal.
Results— Pes varus deformities (n=14) were corrected; 93% had good to excellent clinical outcome. None of the dogs had a normal preoperative gait. Mean TTJO of abnormal and normal tibiae before surgery were 29° varus (median, 28°), and 12° valgus (median, 12°). Angular correction ranged from 20° to 51° (mean, 36±8°; median, 36°). M e an TTJO after fixator removal was 7° valgus (median, 7°). Two dogs had minor transient postoperative complications whereas 3 had major complications; only 1 of which was resolved.
Conclusions— Pes varus deformity in Dachshunds can be corrected by acute medial opening wedge osteotomy of the distal aspect of the tibia stabilized by HESF. Technique modifications are needed to improve correction precision.
Clinical Relevance— Visual inspection of limb alignment during surgery resulted in good to excellent clinical outcomes; however, 91% of tibiae were under- or overcorrected (mean, 6°; median, 5°). Limb alignment should be based on evaluation of immediate postoperative TTJO measurements, not solely on intraoperative visual assessment. 相似文献
14.
MICHAEL G. ARONSOHN VMD Diplomate ACVS RONALD L. BURK DVM Diplomate ACVR 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(5):654-658
Objective: To report and evaluate use of external skeletal fixation (ESF) for repair of isolated (fibula intact) diaphyseal tibia fractures in skeletally immature dogs.
Study Design: Case series.
Animals: Skeletally immature (mean age, 17 weeks; range, 12–23 weeks) dogs (n=5) with isolated diaphyseal tibial fractures.
Methods: Medical records (2006–2007) of 5 dogs with isolated diaphyseal tibial fractures treated with Type 1a ESF were reviewed and outcome assessed by clinical examination and telephone interviews.
Results: Dogs were evaluated ∼2 and 4 weeks after surgery. Limb function, muscle mass, and comfort level remained very good to excellent throughout healing. Bony union was confirmed radiographically and the ESF removed ∼4 weeks after surgery (mean, 31.4 days; range, 28–37 days). Owner satisfaction was high when contacted a minimum of 4 weeks after ESF removal.
Conclusions: Use of Type Ia ESF with positive profile threaded pins is a practical and biologic method for treatment of isolated tibial fractures in skeletally immature dogs
Clinical Relevance: ESF is an effective alternative treatment to external coaptation and internal fixation for isolated diaphyseal tibial fractures in skeletally immature dogs. 相似文献
Study Design: Case series.
Animals: Skeletally immature (mean age, 17 weeks; range, 12–23 weeks) dogs (n=5) with isolated diaphyseal tibial fractures.
Methods: Medical records (2006–2007) of 5 dogs with isolated diaphyseal tibial fractures treated with Type 1a ESF were reviewed and outcome assessed by clinical examination and telephone interviews.
Results: Dogs were evaluated ∼2 and 4 weeks after surgery. Limb function, muscle mass, and comfort level remained very good to excellent throughout healing. Bony union was confirmed radiographically and the ESF removed ∼4 weeks after surgery (mean, 31.4 days; range, 28–37 days). Owner satisfaction was high when contacted a minimum of 4 weeks after ESF removal.
Conclusions: Use of Type Ia ESF with positive profile threaded pins is a practical and biologic method for treatment of isolated tibial fractures in skeletally immature dogs
Clinical Relevance: ESF is an effective alternative treatment to external coaptation and internal fixation for isolated diaphyseal tibial fractures in skeletally immature dogs. 相似文献
15.
Bruce WJ 《The Journal of small animal practice》1999,40(10):482-488
Extra-articular suturing techniques and transarticular external skeletal fixators were used to repair traumatic luxation of the stifle joint in four cats. Rupture of the cranial cruciate, caudal cruciate and medial collateral ligaments, together with injury to one or both menisci, were the most common injuries observed. The method of stifle repair was successful in all cases, but serious complications occurred when cats with transarticular external fixators were not kept confined indoors. Complications consisted of pin loosening and disruption of the fixator, or fractures through proximal or distal pins. Transarticular external skeletal fixation was considered to be a simple and effective method of maintaining short-term joint stability to allow healing of injured soft tissue structures. The apparatus facilitated early weightbearing and, on removal, allowed for the return of near-normal stifle function. Careful pin insertion and owner compliance in enforcing confinement are essential in minimising complications associated with immobilising the stifle joint using transarticular external skeletal fixation. 相似文献
16.
DENIS J. MARCELLIN-LITTLE DEVD Diplomate ACVS ANTONIO FERRETTI DVM Diplomate ECVS SIMON C. ROE BVSC MS PhD Diplomate ACVS DAVID J. DEYOUNG DVM Diplomate ACVS Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1998,27(3):231-245
Objective —To evaluate hinged circular external fixation for correction of antebrachial deformities in dogs.
Study Design —Uncontrolled clinical trial.
Animal Population —Seven client-owned dogs.
Methods —Six dogs had one radius corrected and one dog had both radii corrected. Preoperative planning included measurement of the craniocaudal and mediolateral angular deformities, rotational deformity, length deficit, origin of deformity, graphical or mathematical determination of the amplitude and direction of the actual limb deformity, and frame assembly.
Results —Preoperatively, function and cosmesis were assessed to be fair to poor in all dogs. Deformity correction started 48 to 60 hours postoperatively and ranged from 0.46 mm to 1.36 mm twice daily. Hospitalization time ranged from 4 to 6 days. Corrections were mostly made by the owners, at home. Lengthening and angular correction ranged from 3 to 38 mm and 18° to 48°. Mean residual deformities were 2.7% of radial length and 2.7°. The time duration with the circular external fixators in place ranged from 29 to 71 days. Two additional surgeries were necessary in one dog because of wire breakage. Mean follow-up was 40 months. Long-term function and cosmesis were good to excellent in all dogs.
Conclusion—Although complications were present in six of seven dogs, the outcome of hinged Ilizarov external fixation was successful in all dogs treated for deformities of the antebrachium.
Clinical Relevance —Despite complex preoperative planning, the placement of hinged circular external fixators is straightforward, and allows precise correction of complex antebrachial deformities with minimal tissue trauma. 相似文献
Study Design —Uncontrolled clinical trial.
Animal Population —Seven client-owned dogs.
Methods —Six dogs had one radius corrected and one dog had both radii corrected. Preoperative planning included measurement of the craniocaudal and mediolateral angular deformities, rotational deformity, length deficit, origin of deformity, graphical or mathematical determination of the amplitude and direction of the actual limb deformity, and frame assembly.
Results —Preoperatively, function and cosmesis were assessed to be fair to poor in all dogs. Deformity correction started 48 to 60 hours postoperatively and ranged from 0.46 mm to 1.36 mm twice daily. Hospitalization time ranged from 4 to 6 days. Corrections were mostly made by the owners, at home. Lengthening and angular correction ranged from 3 to 38 mm and 18° to 48°. Mean residual deformities were 2.7% of radial length and 2.7°. The time duration with the circular external fixators in place ranged from 29 to 71 days. Two additional surgeries were necessary in one dog because of wire breakage. Mean follow-up was 40 months. Long-term function and cosmesis were good to excellent in all dogs.
Conclusion—Although complications were present in six of seven dogs, the outcome of hinged Ilizarov external fixation was successful in all dogs treated for deformities of the antebrachium.
Clinical Relevance —Despite complex preoperative planning, the placement of hinged circular external fixators is straightforward, and allows precise correction of complex antebrachial deformities with minimal tissue trauma. 相似文献
17.
Objective— To describe indirect decompression by means of cervical spine locking plate (CSLP) fixation with vertebral distraction, discectomy, and cancellous block bone grafting in large breed dogs with single caudal cervical dynamic spondylotic lesions diagnosed by myelography with linear traction to the cervical spine, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
Study Design— Prospective clinical study.
Animals— Dogs (n=12) with caudal cervical spondylotic myelopathy because of a single dynamic, traction-responsive lesion.
Methods— Single, traction-responsive, caudal cervical spondylotic lesions were treated by vertebral distraction, discectomy, cancellous block bone grafting, and CSLP fixation. Follow-up was obtained by sequential recheck examination by the author or referring veterinarian or by telephone inquiries.
Results— Ten dogs had neurologic improvement after surgery. Indirect decompression by maintained distraction with cancellous block grafting and CSLP fixation was readily accomplished with less risk of blood loss or iatrogenic spinal cord injury than that associated with direct (ventral) decompression. There were no complications of graft intrusion, extrusion or subsidence, implant loosening, foraminal impingement, or end-plate failure. Two dogs that had satisfactory short-term recoveries developed clinical signs associated with adjacent segment disease and were euthanatized. At long-term follow-up, 8 dogs had satisfactory function, either a normal gait or one with slight to moderate proprioceptive deficits.
Conclusions— CSLP fixation with cancellous block interbody grafting is an effective and perhaps safer method of treating single-level, traction-responsive cervical spondylosis in large breed dogs.
Clinical Relevance— CSLP fixation with interbody bone grafting is a viable alternative to other techniques for treatment of single-level, traction-responsive cervical spondylosis. 相似文献
Study Design— Prospective clinical study.
Animals— Dogs (n=12) with caudal cervical spondylotic myelopathy because of a single dynamic, traction-responsive lesion.
Methods— Single, traction-responsive, caudal cervical spondylotic lesions were treated by vertebral distraction, discectomy, cancellous block bone grafting, and CSLP fixation. Follow-up was obtained by sequential recheck examination by the author or referring veterinarian or by telephone inquiries.
Results— Ten dogs had neurologic improvement after surgery. Indirect decompression by maintained distraction with cancellous block grafting and CSLP fixation was readily accomplished with less risk of blood loss or iatrogenic spinal cord injury than that associated with direct (ventral) decompression. There were no complications of graft intrusion, extrusion or subsidence, implant loosening, foraminal impingement, or end-plate failure. Two dogs that had satisfactory short-term recoveries developed clinical signs associated with adjacent segment disease and were euthanatized. At long-term follow-up, 8 dogs had satisfactory function, either a normal gait or one with slight to moderate proprioceptive deficits.
Conclusions— CSLP fixation with cancellous block interbody grafting is an effective and perhaps safer method of treating single-level, traction-responsive cervical spondylosis in large breed dogs.
Clinical Relevance— CSLP fixation with interbody bone grafting is a viable alternative to other techniques for treatment of single-level, traction-responsive cervical spondylosis. 相似文献
18.
J. S. Eagleson J. Diaz S. R. Platt M. Kent J. M. Levine † N. J. H. Sharp S. J. Schatzberg 《The Journal of small animal practice》2009,50(4):186-193
O bjectives : To describe the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features of cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation in Bernese mountain dogs.
M ethods : Seven Bernese mountain dogs (four males and three females) were diagnosed with cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation by magnetic resonance imaging. The following data were evaluated retrospectively: (1) abnormalities of the cervical vertebral column and spinal cord, (2) spinal cord compression, (3) intervertebral disc degeneration and herniation, (4) severity of clinical signs pretreatment and after treatment, (5) type of treatment and (6) outcome.
R esults : Spin echo T1-weighted and T2-weighted images disclosed multi-level, extradural compressive spinal cord lesions (ventral, dorsolateral or both) spanning from intervertebral disc spaces C3-4 to C6-7. In all seven dogs, T2-weighted images disclosed one or more intramedullary hyperintensities associated with extradural spinal cord compression. Surgery was performed in five dogs. Two dogs were managed medically. The prognosis for surgical or conservative management in Bernese mountain dogs was similar to cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation in other breeds.
C linical S ignificance : Cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation is an important differential diagnosis for young to middle-aged Bernese mountain dogs with a C1-5 or C6-T2 neuroanatomic localisation. Dorsolateral spinal cord compression associated with articular process hypertrophy was the most common feature of cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation in the seven Bernese mountain dogs evaluated. 相似文献
M ethods : Seven Bernese mountain dogs (four males and three females) were diagnosed with cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation by magnetic resonance imaging. The following data were evaluated retrospectively: (1) abnormalities of the cervical vertebral column and spinal cord, (2) spinal cord compression, (3) intervertebral disc degeneration and herniation, (4) severity of clinical signs pretreatment and after treatment, (5) type of treatment and (6) outcome.
R esults : Spin echo T1-weighted and T2-weighted images disclosed multi-level, extradural compressive spinal cord lesions (ventral, dorsolateral or both) spanning from intervertebral disc spaces C3-4 to C6-7. In all seven dogs, T2-weighted images disclosed one or more intramedullary hyperintensities associated with extradural spinal cord compression. Surgery was performed in five dogs. Two dogs were managed medically. The prognosis for surgical or conservative management in Bernese mountain dogs was similar to cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation in other breeds.
C linical S ignificance : Cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation is an important differential diagnosis for young to middle-aged Bernese mountain dogs with a C1-5 or C6-T2 neuroanatomic localisation. Dorsolateral spinal cord compression associated with articular process hypertrophy was the most common feature of cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation in the seven Bernese mountain dogs evaluated. 相似文献
19.
K.M. Rassnick A.S. Moore K.E. Collister N.C. Northrup O. Kristal J.D. Chretin D.B. Bailey 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(2):317-322
Background: Chemotherapy for multicentric canine lymphoma has favorable results. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common extranodal site of canine lymphoma, but there have been no prospective studies to determine outcome when dogs with GI lymphoma are treated with chemotherapy.
Hypothesis: Treatment with a multiagent chemotherapy protocol is associated with a poor outcome in dogs with GI lymphoma.
Animals: Eighteen dogs with histologically confirmed GI lymphoma.
Methods: Prospective clinical trial in which dogs with GI lymphoma were treated with a 20-week combination chemotherapy protocol consisting of induction and consolidation phases.
Results: Thirteen dogs had primary GI lymphoma and 5 had multicentric lymphoma with GI involvement. The majority of the lymphomas (63%) were of T-cell origin. Overall remission rate was 56%; 9 dogs achieved a complete remission for a median of 86 days (range, 22–420 days) and 1 dog achieved a partial remission for 26 days. Overall median survival time was 77 days (range, 6–700 days). Dogs that failed to achieve a remission (10 versus 117 days; P = .002) or had diarrhea at initial presentation (70 versus 700 days; P < .001) had shorter survival times.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The response and survival of dogs with GI lymphoma treated with multiagent chemotherapy is poor but long-term survival is possible. 相似文献
Hypothesis: Treatment with a multiagent chemotherapy protocol is associated with a poor outcome in dogs with GI lymphoma.
Animals: Eighteen dogs with histologically confirmed GI lymphoma.
Methods: Prospective clinical trial in which dogs with GI lymphoma were treated with a 20-week combination chemotherapy protocol consisting of induction and consolidation phases.
Results: Thirteen dogs had primary GI lymphoma and 5 had multicentric lymphoma with GI involvement. The majority of the lymphomas (63%) were of T-cell origin. Overall remission rate was 56%; 9 dogs achieved a complete remission for a median of 86 days (range, 22–420 days) and 1 dog achieved a partial remission for 26 days. Overall median survival time was 77 days (range, 6–700 days). Dogs that failed to achieve a remission (10 versus 117 days; P = .002) or had diarrhea at initial presentation (70 versus 700 days; P < .001) had shorter survival times.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The response and survival of dogs with GI lymphoma treated with multiagent chemotherapy is poor but long-term survival is possible. 相似文献
20.
OBJECTIVE: To describe a surgical technique involving distraction and stabilization of the lumbo-sacral vertebral segment using an external skeletal fixator in dogs with lumbosacral instability caused by discospondylitis. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Four client-owned dogs. METHODS: Medical records of all dogs diagnosed with discospondylitis from 1994 to 1997 were identified and reviewed. Four dogs with lumbosacral discospondylitis requiring surgical treatment were then specifically studied. Surgical technique, clinical signs, preoperative diagnostic investigation, radiographic findings, and the results of short-term and long-term reevaluations were recorded. RESULTS: Twelve dogs with discospondylitis were identified, 4 of which had lumbosacral discospondylitis. These 4 dogs underwent surgical distraction and stabilization because they failed to respond to medical treatment. Three dogs received a cancellous bone graft between L7 and S1 and had rapid interbody fusion of this vertebral segment. The dog that did not receive a graft did not have interbody fusion at the time of fixator removal. This did not affect the final clinical outcome. Lumbosacral pain and neurological deficits present before surgery rapidly subsided after the procedure. All dogs received concurrent antibiotic treatment for a minimum of 4 weeks. All dogs were clinically normal at the time of fixator removal and all continued to do well during the follow-up period (8-48 months; mean, 27.5 months). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Lumbosacral discospondylitis may not respond well to conservative treatment because of the mobility of the affected space. Surgical treatment involving distraction and stabilization to obtain intervertebral fusion is very effective in treating lumbosacral instability caused by discospondylitis. 相似文献