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1.
Background: The importance of blood lactate concentrations in dogs with intracranial disease has not been established, despite frequently observed hyperlactatemia in dogs undergoing general anesthesia for advanced imaging, surgery, or both.
Hypothesis: Blood lactate concentrations are elevated in anesthetized dogs with intracranial disease, compared with dogs with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD).
Animals: Eighty-five hospitalized dogs undergoing advanced imaging, surgery, or both for primary neurologic disease; 30 with intracranial disease; 55 with IVDD.
Methods: Retrospective study. Age, breed, neurologic diagnosis, time from anesthesia induction to measurement of blood lactate, blood lactate concentration under anesthesia, and concurrently measured heart rate, mean arterial pressure, PCV, arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and arterial partial pressure of oxygen were included in a multivariable linear regression analysis.
Results: Dogs with meningioma (adjusted mean lactate 2.99 mmol/L, 95% CL 2.21–4.05, P < 0.0001) and hydrocephalus (adjusted mean lactate 1.5 mmol/L, 95% CL 0.99–2.27, P = 0.003) had higher blood lactate concentrations compared with dogs with IVDD (adjusted mean lactate 0.79 mmol/L, 95% CL 0.6–1.04). Only dogs with meningioma had clinically important hyperlactatemia (>2.5 mmol/L).
Conclusions: Prospective studies are warranted to determine the degree and clinical importance of high blood lactate concentrations in dogs with intracranial disease.  相似文献   

2.
Cyclophosphamide is commonly used with prednisone in the initial treatment of severe idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in dogs because retrospective reports suggest its benefit. This randomized controlled prospective clinicaltrial evaluated whether combined cyclophosphamide and prednisone therapy is more efficacious than prednisone therapy alone in the initial treatment of IMHA. Eighteen dogs with acute, severe idiopathic IMHA were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. The P group received prednisone therapy alone (1-2 mg/kg PO q12h), and the PC group received prednisone (1-2 mg/kg PO q12h) and cyclophosphamide (50 mg/m2 PO q24h for 4 consecutive days a week) for 4 weeks. The mortality rate in the P group was 20% (2 of 10), and in the PC group, the mortality rate was 38% (3 of 8). There was no difference in sequential CBC evaluations between the 2 groups. However, whereas dogs in the P group showed increases in reticulocyte count, reticulocytosis was suppressed in dogs in the PC group during the 1st week of therapy. Spherocytosis resolved more quickly in the P group (day 21) than in the PC group (day 28), but the time taken to achieve a negative Coombs' test result was comparable between groups. No difference was observed in the volume of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) given per transfusion between treatment groups, but more dogs in the PC group required a 2nd transfusion. The results of this limited study suggest that cyclophosphamide plus prednisone has no benefit over prednisone alone in the initial treatment of acute, severe idiopathic IMHA indogs.  相似文献   

3.
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4.
Results of routine hematologic and serum biochemical analyses from 12 healthy adult male dogs that were given prednisone (0.55 mg/kg of body weight, PO, q 12 h) for 35 days were compared with those of a control group of 6 dogs that were given gelatin capsules. Analyses were performed at 2-week intervals during and after prednisone administration. Lymphocyte and eosinophil counts were significantly (P less than 0.005) decreased after 2 and 4 weeks of prednisone treatment, compared with controls. Two weeks after treatment, eosinophil counts in prednisone-treated dogs were similar to those of control dogs, whereas lymphocyte counts remained low 4 weeks after treatment in treated dogs (1,869 +/- 145 cells/microliters), compared with that in control dogs (3,662 +/- 548 cells/microliters). Neutrophil and monocyte counts did not significantly change during glucocorticoid administration. Mean platelet volume significantly (P less than 0.001) decreased after 4 weeks of prednisone treatment, but returned to pretreatment values by 2 weeks after treatment. Four weeks of prednisone treatment did not cause significant increased activity in serum alanine transaminase, total alkaline phosphatase or the steroid-induced isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase. Significant increases in serum albumin (P less than 0.001) and total protein (P less than 0.05) concentrations were detected after 4 weeks of treatment, but mean values were not significantly different from those of controls 2 weeks after treatment ended. Results of our study indicate that eosinophil and lymphocyte counts are the most sensitive indicators of long-term glucocorticoid administration at anti-inflammatory dosages of 1.1 mg/kg daily.  相似文献   

5.
Background: The coadministration of prednisone and ultralow-dose aspirin has been recommended for the management of various diseases, but the safety of this combination in dogs has not been studied.
Hypotheses: The gastroduodenal lesions associated with prednisone and ultralow-dose aspirin administration will be similar to those caused by prednisone alone, but both treatments will result in more severe lesions than placebo.
Animals: Eighteen healthy adult purpose-bred dogs.
Methods: Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study of 3 treatment groups for 27 days: placebo, prednisone, and prednisone and aspirin. Gastroduodenoscopy was performed before and on days 5, 14, and 27 of treatment and mucosal lesions scores were assigned. Mucosal lesion scores were compared by a Kruskal-Wallis test. Clinical signs were compared by the Friedman's chi-square test (significance at P < .05).
Results: There were no significant differences in the gastroduodenal lesion scores among groups, or within groups at any time during the study. Significantly more dog-days of diarrhea occurred in the prednisone and aspirin group during treatment, compared with baseline. No significant differences in clinical signs were found among any of the groups.
Conclusion: The concurrent use of prednisone and ultralow-dose aspirin did not increase the severity of gastroduodenal lesions compared with prednisone or placebo. Coadministration of prednisone and ultralow-dose aspirin increases the frequency of mild, self-limiting diarrhea in some dogs.  相似文献   

6.
Background: Cancer is considered a cause of type B hyperlactatemia in dogs. However, studies evaluating cancer as a cause of clinically relevant type B hyperlactatemia (>2.5 mmol/L) are lacking. Cancer cells have a higher lactate production because of increased aerobic glycolysis, known as the “Warburg effect.” The mechanisms through which aerobic glycolysis occurs are not well elucidated, but neoplasia may cause type B hyperlactatemia via this process. Objectives: To determine if malignant tumors of dogs are associated with clinically relevant type B hyperlactatemia (>2.5 mmol/L). Animals: Thirty‐seven client‐owned dogs with malignant tumors: 22 with hematopoietic and 15 with solid tumors. Methods: Histology was used to confirm the diagnosis (cytology was considered adequate for diagnosis of lymphoma). Confounding conditions associated with hyperlactatemia were excluded. Lactate measurements were immediately performed on free‐flow jugular whole blood samples using the LactatePro analyzer. Results: All dogs had lactate concentrations <2.5 mmol/L. Mean blood lactate concentration was 1.09 mmol/L. Mean blood lactate concentrations for solid and hematopoietic tumors were 0.95 and 1.19 mmol/L, respectively. Dogs with lymphoma (n = 18) had a mean blood lactate concentration of 1.15 mmol/L. Conclusions: Malignant tumors were not considered a cause of clinically relevant type B hyperlactatemia. Therefore, cancer‐related type B hyperlactatemia in dogs is uncommon, and hyperlactatemia should prompt careful investigation for causes other than cancer.  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether administration of misoprostol prevents gastric hemorrhage in healthy dogs treated with high doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS). ANIMALS: 18 healthy hound-type dogs of both sexes. PROCEDURE: All dogs were given high doses of MPSS (30 mg/kg of body weight, initially, then 15 mg/kg 2 and 6 hours later, and, subsequently, q 6 h for a total of 48 hours) IV. Dogs were assigned randomly to receive concurrent treatment with misoprostol (4 to 6 microg/kg, PO, q 8 h; n = 9) or an empty gelatin capsule (9). Gastroduodenoscopy was performed before and after treatment. Hemorrhage was graded from none (0) to severe (3) for each cardia, fundus, antrum, and duodenum. A total stomach score was calculated as the sum of the regional stomach scores. Food retention was recorded, and pH of gastric fluid was determined. Gastric and fecal occult blood was measured. RESULTS: Gastric hemorrhage was evident in all dogs after MPSS administration, and its severity was similar in both groups. Median total stomach score was 6 for misoprostol-treated dogs and 5.5 for dogs given the gelatin capsule. Difference in gastric acidity, frequency of food retention, and incidence of occult blood in gastric fluid and feces was not apparent between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Administration of misoprostol (4 to 6 microg/kg, PO, q 8 h) does not prevent gastric hemorrhage caused by high doses of MPSS. Alternative prophylactic treatment should be considered.  相似文献   

8.
OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of selegiline hydrochloride, phenylpropanolamine (PPA), or a combination of both on physiologic and behavioral variables in dogs. ANIMALS: 40 adult hound-type dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were assigned to 4 groups. One group received selegiline (1 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) and PPA (1.1 mg/kg, PO, q 8 h), a second group received selegiline alone, a third group received PPA alone, and a fourth group received neither drug. Dogs were observed 3 times/d throughout the 30-day study (daily during the first week, on alternate days during the next 2 weeks, and again daily during the final week). Observers recorded rectal temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, oscillometric blood pressure, and lead-II ECG and assessed 4 behaviors, using an analogue scale. Variables were compared among treatment groups by use of a 2-factor ANOVA with data categorized into three 10-day treatment periods. A similar comparison was made among treatment groups with data categorized by time of observation (morning, afternoon, or evening) for all study days. RESULTS: Variables did not differ among groups at study initiation. Pulse rate was the only variable that differed significantly among treatment groups during the study. During the first 10 days of treatment, dogs receiving PPA had a lower pulse rate than dogs that did not. Although signs of illness were apparent in a few dogs, illness did not appear to be related to treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Adverse effects were not detected after administration of selegiline, PPA, or a combination of the drugs in healthy dogs.  相似文献   

9.
Duration and magnitude of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression caused by daily oral administration of a glucocorticoid was investigated, using an anti-inflammatory dose of prednisone. Twelve healthy adult male dogs were given prednisone orally for 35 days (0.55 mg/kg of body weight, q 12 h), and a control group of 6 dogs was given gelatin capsule vehicle. Plasma cortisol (baseline and 2-hour post-ACTH administration) and plasma ACTH and cortisol (baseline and 30-minutes post corticotropin-releasing hormone [CRH] administration) concentrations were monitored biweekly during and after the 35-day treatment period. Baseline plasma ACTH and cortisol and post-ACTH plasma cortisol concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced in treated vs control dogs after 14 days of oral prednisone administration. By day 28, baseline ACTH and cortisol concentrations remained significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced and reserve function was markedly (P less than 0.0001) reduced as evidenced by mean post-CRH ACTH, post-CRH cortisol, and post-ACTH cortisol concentrations in treated vs control dogs. Two weeks after termination of daily prednisone administration, significant difference between group means was not evident in baseline ACTH or cortisol values, post-CRH ACTH or cortisol values, or post-ACTH cortisol values, compared with values in controls. Results indicate complete hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis recovery 2 weeks after oral administration of an anti-inflammatory regimen of prednisone given daily for 5 weeks.  相似文献   

10.
Canine babesiosis typically causes hemolytic anemia but also can result in multiple organ dysfunction. Human patients with severe disease often have persistent hyperlactatemia, and blood lactate concentration is correlated with survival rate. In dogs, blood lactate concentration has been shown to be of prognostic value in patients with gastric dilatation-volvulus and in dogs admitted to intensive care units. Serial blood lactate and glucose concentrations and hematocrit on admission were determined in 90 dogs with naturally occurring, severe or complicated canine babesiosis. Forty-five dogs (50%) had hyperlactatemia (blood lactate concentration >22.5 mg/dL) and 20 (22.2%) had hypoglycemia (blood glucose concentration <59.4 mg/dL) at presentation. Measurements significantly associated with mortality were hypoglycemia on admission, blood lactate concentration >45 mg/dL on admission, blood lactate concentration >22.5 mg/dL at 8, 16, and 24 hours after admission, and increase or <50% decrease in blood lactate concentration within 8 and 16 hours after admission. Blood lactate concentration persistently >40 mg/dL indicated a very poor prognosis. We conclude that serial blood lactate measurements are useful in predicting survival in dogs with severe and complicated canine babesiosis.  相似文献   

11.
BACKGROUND: Ineffective clearance of Ehrlichia canis after doxycycline administration has been reported despite the fact that the recommended treatment for canine ehrlichiosis is doxycycline. The effectiveness of doxycycline in clearing E canis infection from the blood and tissues of dogs requires additional evaluation. HYPOTHESIS: Doxycycline (5 mg/kg PO q12h), administered for 4 weeks, will eliminate E canis infection from the blood and tissues of experimentally infected dogs. ANIMALS: Fifteen Walker hound-mixed breed dogs were inoculated subcutaneously with E canis-infected canine histiocytic cells 4 months before doxycycline treatment. METHODS: Four dogs were treated with doxycycline (5 mg/kg PO q12h for 3 weeks), 5 dogs were treated with doxycycline at the same dosage for 4 weeks, and 5 control dogs were not treated. Dexamethasone (0.4 mg/kg i.v.) was given after treatment to precipitate recrudescence of any remaining E canis organisms. Platelet counts, anti-E canis immunofluorescent antibodies, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of E canis deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in blood and tissues were evaluated. RESULTS: E canis DNA was not detected in the blood and tissues of doxycycline-treated dogs after treatment. Platelet counts were within reference intervals, and E canis antibodies decreased. Spontaneous clearance of E canis infection occurred in 2 of 5 control dogs. Three control dogs had E canis DNA detected in blood and tissues, platelet counts remained low or within the reference interval, and E canis antibodies remained high. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: As administered in this study, doxycycline cleared E canis from the blood and tissues of experimentally infected dogs.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of deracoxib and aspirin on serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in healthy dogs. ANIMALS: 24 dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were allocated to 1 of 3 groups of 8 dogs each. Dogs received the vehicle used for deracoxib tablets (PO, q 8 h; placebo), aspirin (23 to 25 mg/kg, PO, q 8 h), or deracoxib (1.25 to 1.8 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) and placebo (PO, q 8 h) for 28 days. Measurement of serum concentrations of T4, T3, fT4, and TSH were performed 7 days before treatment (day -7), on days 14 and 28 of treatment, and 14 days after treatment was discontinued. Plasma total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations were measured on days -7 and 28. RESULTS: Mean serum T4, fT4, and T3 concentrations decreased significantly from baseline on days 14 and 28 of treatment in dogs receiving aspirin, compared with those receiving placebo. Mean plasma total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations on day 28 decreased significantly in dogs receiving aspirin, compared with those receiving placebo. Fourteen days after administration of aspirin was stopped, differences in hormone concentrations were no longer significant. Differences in serum TSH or the free fraction of T4 were not detected at any time. No significant difference in any of the analytes was detected at any time in dogs treated with deracoxib. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Aspirin had substantial suppressive effects on thyroid hormone concentrations in dogs. Treatment with high dosages of aspirin, but not deracoxib, should be discontinued prior to evaluation of thyroid function.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To determine response rate and reduction in tumor burden and effect of dose on tumor response in dogs treated with neoadjuvant prednisone for cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs). DESIGN: Combined prospective clinical study and retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 49 dogs with MCT. PROCEDURES: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs with primary untreated cutaneous MCT managed with neoadjuvant prednisone administration and surgery. Tumor characteristics and response to treatment were recorded. A subset of dogs assigned to low-dose (LD) treatment with neoadjuvant prednisone (1.0 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) or high-dose (HD) treatment (2.2 mg/kg [1.0 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) was used to determine the effects of dose. RESULTS: The overall objective response rate was 70% for dogs treated with neoadjuvant prednisone; prednisone dose was not significantly associated with response. Prospectively, the median sum maximal diameter (MaxD) reduction was 45.2%, and reduction in tumor volume was 80.6%. In both treatment groups, the mean percentage MaxD reduction and tumor volume reduction were significant. The difference in response between the LD and HD groups was not significant. The LD group had mean MaxD and tumor volume reductions of 35.4% and 52.5%, respectively, compared with mean reductions of 48.8% in MaxD and 78% in tumor volume in the HD group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Treatment with neoadjuvant prednisone appears to be useful for inducing reduction of MCTs and may facilitate resection when adequate surgical margins cannot be confidently attained because of mass location or size or both.  相似文献   

14.
Background: In people, hypercortisolism (HC) has been associated with acalculous cholecystitis and biliary dyskinesia, which may potentiate ascending biliary infections. In dogs, an association between HC and gallbladder disease recently has been documented, although the role of bacteria remains controversial. Furthermore, there is no information on the gallbladder bile microbial flora in healthy dogs.
Objectives: To investigate the microbial flora in gallbladder bile in healthy dogs, the relationship between iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism and bactibilia and possible changes in biliary microbial flora after cortisol withdrawal in dogs.
Animals: Six control dogs and 6 dogs treated with hydrocortisone.
Methods: Gallbladder bile obtained by percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis was cultured aerobically and anaerobically and examined cytologically before (d0), during (d28, d56, d84), and after (d28p, d56p, d84p) administration of hydrocortisone (8 mg/kg PO q12h).
Results: In the control group, 2/42 bile cultures yielded bacterial growth ( Enterococcus sp.; Escherichia coli on d0) and 1/42 bile smears had cytological evidence of bacteria (d28). In the HC group, 2/42 bile cultures yielded bacterial growth ( Enterococcus sp. on d28; Bacillus sp. on d28p) and 3/42 bile smears had cytological evidence of bacteria (d84, d84, d28p). All dogs remained healthy throughout the study period (168d).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Based on the results of conventional bacterial culture techniques, gallbladder bile of healthy dogs periodically may harbor bacteria, which do not appear to be clinically relevant. A 3-month period of iatrogenic HC was not associated with bactibilia. A higher prevalence of bactibilia may be detected with micromolecular techniques.  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the variation in plasma lactate concentration among samples from commonly used blood sampling sites in conscious, healthy dogs. ANIMALS: 60 healthy dogs. PROCEDURE: Cross-sectional study using a replicated Latin square design. Each dog was assigned to 1 of 6 groups (n = 10) representing all possible orders for 3 sites (cephalic vein, jugular vein, and femoral artery) used to obtain blood. Samples were analyzed immediately, by use of direct amperometry for pH, PO2, Pco2, glucose, and lactate concentration. RESULTS: Significant differences in plasma lactate concentrations were detected among blood samples from the cephalic vein (highest), femoral artery, and jugular vein (lowest). Mean plasma lactate concentration in the first sample obtained, irrespective of sampling site, was lower than in subsequent samples. Covariation was identified among plasma lactate concentration, pH, and PCO2, but correlation coefficients were low. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Plasma lactate concentrations differed among blood samples from various sites. A reference range for plasma lactate concentration was 0.3 to 2.5 mmol/L. Differences in plasma lactate concentrations among samples from various sites and with repeated sampling, in healthy dogs, are small. Use of the reference range may facilitate the clinical use of plasma lactate concentration in dogs.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T/SMX) on thyroid function in dogs. ANIMALS: 6 healthy euthyroid dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were administered T/SMX (14.1 to 16 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) for 3 weeks. Blood was collected weekly for 6 weeks for determination of total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (fT4), and canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) concentrations. Schirmer tear tests were performed weekly. Blood was collected for CBC prior to antimicrobial treatment and at 3 and 6 weeks. RESULTS: 5 dogs had serum TT4 concentrations equal to or less than the lower reference limit, and 4 dogs had serum fT4 less than the lower reference limit after 3 weeks of T/SMX administration; cTSH concentrations were greater than the upper reference limit in 4 dogs. All dogs had TT4 and fT4 concentrations greater than the lower reference limit after T/SMX administration was discontinued for 1 week, and cTSH concentrations were less than reference range after T/SMX administration was discontinued for 2 weeks. Two dogs developed decreased tear production, which returned to normal after discontinuing administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that administration of T/SMX at a dosage of 14.1 to 16 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours for 3 weeks caused decreased TT4 and fT4 concentrations and increased cTSH concentration, conditions that would be compatible with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Therefore, dogs should not have thyroid function evaluated while receiving this dosage of T/SMX for >2 weeks. These results are in contrast to those of a previous study of trimethoprim-sulfadiazine.  相似文献   

17.
BACKGROUND: Use of cyclo-oxygenase-2 specific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as deracoxib has been advocated because of their anti-inflammatory actions and apparently low incidence of gastrointestinal adverse effects. HYPOTHESIS: Deracoxib will cause less endoscopically detectable gastric injury in dogs than aspirin, a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. ANIMALS: Twenty-four random source healthy dogs. METHODS: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial compared gastroscopic findings of dogs receiving placebo (q8h), aspirin (25 mg/kg PO q8h), or deracoxib (1.5 mg/kg QD, placebo ql2h) for 28 days. Gastroscopy on days -7, 6, 14, and 28 evaluated 4 regions of the stomach separately and visible lesions were scored. Dogs were observed every 8 hours for vomiting and diarrhea. Median total scores for each group were compared each day of endoscopic examination and total dog-days of vomiting and diarrhea were compared. Significance was determined at P < .05. RESULTS: There were significant differences in total scores of the aspirin group and both the placebo and deracoxib groups on days 6, 14, and 28. No significant differences in total scores were found between placebo and deracoxib on days 6, 14, and 28. Significant differences in dog-days of vomiting were found between the aspirin and deracoxib groups whereas no significant differences were found between the deracoxib and placebo groups. There was no detectable effect of treatment on dog-days of diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Administration of deracoxib to healthy dogs resulted in significantly lower gastric lesion scores, and fewer days of vomiting compared to aspirin, indicating that deracoxib is better tolerated than aspirin in some dogs.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: To document changes in glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations in dogs with severe or complicated babesiosis; assess relationships among glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations in those dogs; and compare clinical and laboratory variables in dogs with and without hypoglycemia and hyperlactatemia. ANIMALS: 20 dogs with naturally developing severe or complicated babesiosis. PROCEDURE: Samples and measurements were obtained before treatment was initiated. Babesiosis was diagnosed by examination of blood smears. Arterial blood pressure measurement, parasite quantification, CBC count, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, venous blood gas analysis, and acid-base determination were performed. Glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations were measured in samples of venous blood. RESULTS: We detected a significant negative correlation between glucose and lactate concentrations. Glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations all differed significantly between dogs that died and those that survived. Three of 5 dogs that died had concurrent hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, and hyperpyruvatemia. Hypoglycemic dogs differed significantly from normoglycemic dogs with regard to lactate, urea, and bicarbonate concentrations; lactate-to-pyruvate ratio; percentage parasitemia; and PCO2. Dogs with hyperlactatemia differed significantly from normolactatemic dogs with regard to clinical collapse; alanine transaminase activity; concentrations of bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and bicarbonate; percentage parasitemia; and PCO2. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism is commonly evident in dogs with severe or complicated babesiosis and is often associated with changes in other clinical and laboratory variables. Significant differences were found between survivors and nonsurvivors. Hypoglycemia should be assessed and aggressively treated in dogs with babesiosis. Lactate concentration can be used as an indicator of disease severity.  相似文献   

19.
Background: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is decreased in humans with hypothyroidism, but information about kidney function in dogs with hypothyroidism is lacking.
Hypothesis: Hypothyroidism influences GFR in dogs. The objective of this study was to assess GFR in hypothyroid dogs before implementation of thyroxine supplementation and after re-establishing euthyroidism.
Animals: Fourteen hypothyroid dogs without abnormalities on renal ultrasound examination or urinalysis.
Methods: Blood pressure and GFR (measured by exogenous creatinine clearance) were measured before treatment (T0, n = 14) and at 1 month (T1, n = 14) and at 6 months (T6, n = 11) after beginning levothyroxine supplementation therapy (20 μg/kg/d, PO). The response to therapy was monitored at T1 by measuring serum total thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations. If needed, levothyroxine dosage was adjusted and reassessed after 1 month. Statistical analysis was performed using a general linear model. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
Results: At T0, the average age of dogs in the study group was 6.3 ± 1.4 years. Their average body weight decreased from 35 ± 18 kg at T0 to 27 ± 14 kg at T6 ( P < .05). All dogs remained normotensive throughout the study. GFR increased significantly with levothyroxine supplementation; the corresponding results were 1.6 ± 0.4 mL/min/kg at T0, 2.1 ± 0.4 at T1, and 2.0 ± 0.4 at T6 ( P < .01).
Conclusion: GFR was <2 mL/min/kg in untreated hypothyroid dogs. Re-establishment of a euthyroid state increased GFR significantly.  相似文献   

20.
This study investigates serum immunoglobulin (SIg) levels and lymphocyte subpopulations in normal dogs in response to putative immunosuppressive doses of prednisone and/or azathioprine. The objectives were to quantify SIg levels and lymphocyte subpopulations, including Thy-1+, CD4+, CD8+ and B cells, in normal dogs both before and after the administration of prednisone and/or azathioprine at 2 mg/kg, PO, each. Eighteen beagles were divided into 3 groups of 6 dogs each. Blood samples for radial immunodiffusion assay of IgG, IgM and IgA, complete blood count (CBC)and flow cytometry were collected prior to the administration of any drugs and again after 14 d of azathioprine, prednisone or azathioprine and prednisone. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated using density centrifugation and were incubated with monoclonal antibodies reacting with CD4+, CD8+, Thy-1+ and membrane immunoglobulin. Lymphocyte subsets were quantified using flow cytometry. Azathioprine-treated dogs had no significant changes in SIg levels or lymphocyte subpopulations. Prednisone-treated dogs had significant (P < 0.05) decreases in all SIg levels, all lymphocyte subpopulations and erythrocyte numbers, and had an increase in neutrophil counts. Prednisone and azathioprine-treated dogs had significant (P < 0.05) decreases in serum IgG levels and Thy-1+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations, with an increase in the CD4:CD8. These dogs also had a significant decrease in erythrocyte number and a significant increase in the monocyte count. These findings suggest that azathioprine and prednisone in combination or prednisone alone may be useful for the treatment of T cell-mediated diseases since decreased circulating T cell levels were demonstrated following treatment. The combination of drugs or azathioprine alone may not be appropriate for treatment of acute or autoantibody-mediated immune disease, because SIg levels were minimally affected by treatment.  相似文献   

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