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1.
4种沉水植物断枝再生能力研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
比较研究了4种长江中下游湖泊常见的沉水植物(金鱼藻、伊乐藻、黑藻和穗花狐尾藻)断枝在投掷和扦插的移植方式下,生物量、株高、节数的变化及不定根和新芽形成的时间.结果表明,在试验期间,各种断枝均发生了明显的变化,除金鱼藻外,其他3种沉水植物均有不定根产生;除穗花狐尾藻外,其他3种沉水植物断枝均有新芽产生.投掷和扦插对金鱼藻断枝生物量、节数和新芽的产生无明显影响,对株高影响显著;对黑藻和伊乐藻断枝生物量、株高、节数、不定根和新芽的产生影响显著;对穗花狐尾藻断枝的生物量、株高影响显著,对节数影响不明显,而对不定根的产生有一定的影响.研究结果为退化水体的修复、恢复和重建提供了参考.  相似文献   

2.
鉴于湖泊内源污染不断加重,出现了较多以铝(Al)、铁(Fe)、钙(Ca)、镧(La)盐等化学材料为主的湖泊底质环境改善方法,但大规模应用受长期控磷效率、生物毒性和使用成本等因素限制。2014年8月至2015年7月,在洱海近岸水域设置围隔开展原位试验,采用洱海本地无污染红壤对底质进行浅层覆盖改性,探究此方法对水质及沉水植物的影响。试验设置3个不同处理组,分别为对照组(Control)、红壤覆盖组(S)以及红壤覆盖+沉水植物组(MS),每组处理4个重复,逐月监测各围隔内水质和沉水植物生长情况。结果表明,采用红壤对底泥进行改性,可以短期提高水体的透明度,为沉水植物生长创造良好条件,促进移栽沉水植物的生长与建群,在某些时段可以改善水质(透明度最高达2.2 m),但红壤覆盖措施并没有长期显著降低水体中的总氮、总磷和藻类的含量(P>0.05)。全年水生植物物种保持在7种左右,群落主要由黑藻(Hydrilla verticillat)、篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)、单果眼子菜(P. acutifolius)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)和微齿眼子菜(P. maackianus)组成,生物量也在不断增加,最高达18000 g/m2,群落稳定后优势种为黑藻。研究结果可以为富营养化湖泊生态修复短期水质危机处理提供借鉴,为沉水植物群落恢复提供可探索的方向。  相似文献   

3.
鉴于湖泊内源污染不断加重,出现了较多以铝(Al)、铁(Fe)、钙(Ca)、镧(La)盐等化学絮凝材料为主的湖泊底质环境改善方法,但大规模应用受长期控磷效率、生物毒性和使用成本等因素限制;天然粘土、红土和石英砂等材料由于廉价无污染、环境友好等特性,其用于改善湖泊水体环境和控制底泥磷释放越来越受到重视。2014年8月至2015年7月,在洱海近岸水域设置围隔开展原位试验,采用洱海本地无污染红壤对底质进行浅层覆盖改性,探究此方法对水质及沉水植物的影响。试验设置3个不同处理组,分别为对照组(CK)、红壤覆盖组(S)以及红壤覆盖+沉水植物组(MS),每组处理4个重复,逐月监测各围隔内水质和沉水植物生长情况。结果表明,采用红壤对底泥进行改性,可以短期提高水体透明度,为沉水植物生长创造良好条件,促进移栽沉水植物的生长与建群,在某些时段可以改善水质(透明度最高达2.2 m),但红壤覆盖措施并没有长期显著降低水体中的总氮、总磷和藻类的含量(P0.05)。全年水生植物保持在7种左右,群落主要由黑藻(Hydrilla verticillat)、篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)、单果眼子菜(P.acutifolius)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)和微齿眼子菜(P.maackianus)组成,生物量也在不断增加,最高达18 000 g/m~2,群落稳定后的优势种为黑藻。研究结果可以为富营养化湖泊生态修复短期水质危机处理提供借鉴,为沉水植物群落恢复提供可探索的方向。  相似文献   

4.
杭州西湖浮游植物群落对沉水植物恢复的响应   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
为评价杭州西湖沉水植物恢复对浮游植物群落的影响,以西湖湖西水域(茅家埠、乌龟潭、浴鹄湾)为代表,通过5年连续采样监测数据,研究了该区域沉水植物恢复前后浮游植物物种组成、生物量、多样性指数及其与水质理化参数的动态变化关系。结果表明,2009-2013年共检出浮游植物156种,隶属8门、78属,其群落结构在3个湖区间不存在显著差异(P0.05),藻类优势种的年际变化呈现由绿藻门(Chlorophyta)的球衣藻(Chlamydomonas globosa)、小球衣藻(Chlamydomonas microsphaera)和蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、不定微囊藻(Microcystis incerta)逐渐向绿藻门的蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)、细丝藻(Ulothrix teneriima)、多形丝藻(Ulothrix variabilis)和硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)的颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、具星小环藻(Cyclotella stelligera)转变。浮游植物群落的Margalef和Shannon-Weiner多样性指数分别在0.632~3.396和0.581~4.438之间变化,指示水体处于中度富营养状态且有转好趋势。调查期间水体总氮和总磷浓度分别在0.92~5.26 mg/L和0.005~0.108 mg/L。水质理化参数分析表明,茅家埠和乌龟潭浮游植物生物量与水体总氮的变化呈显著正相关(P0.05)。研究表明,相比工程实施前,西湖湖西水质有明显好转,沉水植被恢复是富营养化水体治理的有效措施之一。  相似文献   

5.
杂食性鱼类往往是修复后浅水湖泊的优势鱼类。大鳍鱊是一种小型杂食性鱼类,在无锡蠡湖生态修复区内发展成为优势种;虽主要以沉水植物为食,但对不同沉水植物的选择性目前尚不清楚.目前有关杂食性鱼类对沉水植物影响的研究多集中在个体较大的种类(如鲤、鲫),而对小型杂食性鱼类的研究较少。本文通过受控实验,研究了大鳍鱊对4种沉水植物(轮叶黑藻Hydrilla verticillata、密刺苦草Vallisneria denseserrulata、金鱼藻Ceratophyllum demersum和穗花狐尾藻Myriophyllum spicatum)的选择性摄食,分析了大鳍鱊对这些沉水植物生长的影响。结果显示:1)大鳍鱊组的水体营养盐浓度显著高于对照组,而pH值则显著低于对照组;2)肠道内含物分析结果显示:穗花狐尾藻和金鱼藻是大鳍鱊的主要食物,其所占肠道内含物的体积比分别为75%和17%;而大鳍鱊对密刺苦草的选择性较低(8%),且内含物中未出现黑藻;3)大鳍鱊显著抑制了穗花狐尾藻和金鱼藻的生长(RGR),而对轮叶黑藻和密刺苦草的RGR有促进作用。沉水植物在维持湖泊生态系统结构稳定与湖泊生态修复中发挥重要作用,大鳍鱊等小型鱼类与沉水植物关系密切,主要生活在沉水植物丰富的水域。我们的研究结果发现大鳍鱊可显著增加水体营养盐浓度,对不同沉水植物有明显的摄食选择性,其摄食活动可显著降低沉水植物的生物量。因此,大鳍鱊或者其它小型杂食性鱼类(如麦穗鱼和鲹等)可能会通过选择性摄食沉水植物的途径影响沉水植物群落结构和生物量,严重时可能会对湖泊生态系统结构的稳定性产生负面影响。所以,在湖泊管理与生态修复中,需要关注此类小型杂食性鱼类的种群规模,将其控制在较低生物量水平。该研究探讨了大鳍鱊的选择性摄食行为以及该行为带来的影响,为浅水湖泊的修复提供了参考。  相似文献   

6.
2015年6月15日至7月27日,在太湖北部湖湾原位围隔中,通过盆栽试验方法,利用不锈钢架,采用湖泥培养的苦草(Vallisneria natans),进行为期45 d的原位试验。试验共设置3个水深梯度,分别为1.0 m、1.5 m和2.0 m,依次记为D_1、D_2、D_3;将试验架顶部固定在围隔的浮体上,通过上下浮动保持试验水深,观测苦草在不同水深梯度下生长指标的变化,分析水深对苦草生长的影响,探究苦草在太湖北部湖湾生长的适宜水深。结果表明,不同水深围隔间的总氮、总磷浓度和蓝藻数量不存在显著差异(P0.05)。水深是影响苦草生长的关键因子,不同水深梯度下苦草的成活率、分蘖数和平均叶长等指标均存在一定差异。苦草的成活率随水深增加明显降低,1.0 m水深苦草的成活率与其他2组差异显著(P0.05),试验第7天,3个水深处理组苦草的成活率分别为91%、30%和27%;第28天,3组成活率依次降至64%、9%和5%。试验前期,苦草的平均叶片长度随水深增加而减小,试验后期D_1组苦草叶片出现断裂现象,试验第14~28天,D_1组苦草平均叶长由10.3 cm缩短到4.46 cm,缩减了57%。1.0 m水深苦草有分蘖出现,1.5 m和2.0 m均未出现分蘖现象。1.0 m以内湖滨带较适合太湖北部湖湾苦草的恢复重建,但需借助消浪桩和软围隔等措施降低风浪和蓝藻水华对沉水植物生长的影响。  相似文献   

7.
为探究沉水植物群落现状及其变化规律,2015年10月至2019年10月对江苏省盐龙湖沉水植物进行连续跟踪调查,并分析沉水植物生长和分布的主要驱动因子。结果表明,调查期间共记录沉水植物15种,隶属于1门、6科;其中2015-2019年沉水植物出现种类数分别为13、12、9、11、12种。从优势种变化来看,沉水植物优势种整体经过穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)→金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)→马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)→穗状狐尾藻的变化过程。从覆盖度和生物量变化看,盐龙湖沉水植物的覆盖度和生物量均呈现先下降、后上升的变化趋势,其中2016-2017年沉水植物退化显著,但随着生态修复措施的进行,2018-2019年沉水植物群落逐渐恢复。相关分析表明,沉水植物生物量与透明度显著正相关(P <0.05),与浊度、草食性鱼类生物量和水深呈显著负相关(P<0.05);限制沉水植物生长的生态因子依次为透明度、浊度、草食性鱼类生物量和水深。水体透明度和浊度的改善、草食性鱼类的控制和水位调节是实现盐龙湖沉水植物恢复的主要方向及对策。  相似文献   

8.
采用单因素实验方法对双线紫蛤(Sanguinolaria diphos)幼贝的存活与生长进行了研究。实验设置了7个盐度梯度(10~40)、5个密度梯度(500~10 000 ind/m2)和5种底质类型(全细砂、90%细砂+10%细泥、80%细砂+20%细泥、70%细砂+30%细泥、全粗砂),研究了不同盐度、密度、底质对其存活、生长的影响。结果表明:盐度20、25和30组存活率、生长率差异不显著(P0.05);不同密度条件下幼贝存活率、生长率差异显著(P0.05);不同底质类型对幼贝生长影响差异明显。双线紫蛤幼贝最适生长盐度范围为20~25;最适养殖密度范围为500~1 000 ind/m2,最佳养殖底质为细砂底质。研究结果为双线紫蛤池塘人工增养殖提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
三角帆蚌对蓝藻的滤食作用及其对沉水植物生长的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
双壳贝类是淡水生态系统常见的滤食性动物,以浮游植物和有机物悬浮颗粒为食,其作用可能降低蓝藻浓度,从而促进沉水植物生长。通过构建4组(草+蓝藻、草+蓝藻+低生物量蚌、草+蓝藻+高生物量蚌、草)室外微型生态系统,研究了湖泊下风区常见蓝藻堆积浓度下,三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)的滤食作用对蓝藻水华和沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)生长的影响。结果表明:(1)蓝藻对苦草的生长具有显著抑制作用,草藻组和草组的相对生长率分别为-7.65mg/g·d和7.19mg/g·d;(2)三角帆蚌对蓝藻具有明显的下行滤食压力,其大小与蚌生物量有关,蚌生物量高时效果明显;(3)三角帆蚌的滤食可以不同程度上缓解蓝藻对苦草的生长抑制,低蚌组和高蚌组苦草相对生长率分别为-5.31mg/g·d和4.24mg/g·d。蓝藻颗粒被滤食后,水体光照条件的改善可能是有蚌组苦草生物量相对较高的主要原因。说明双壳贝类可以通过滤食浮游植物使水体理化环境向着有利于沉水植物生长的方向发展,但这种作用的大小与贝类生物量的合理配置有密切关系。  相似文献   

10.
沉水植物对中华绒螯蟹生长和非特异性免疫力的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从东太湖采集伊乐藻(Elodea canadensis)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticilla-ta)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)、马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)5种沉水植物分别制成干粉。在基础饲料中添加15%的干粉形成5种不同的配合饲料,分别饲喂体重为(9.37±0.15)g的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)60 d,分析沉水植物对中华绒螯蟹生长和非特异性免疫力的影响。结果显示:马来眼子菜组的中华绒螯蟹平均增重率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),饲料系数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其余4种沉水植物组的平均增重率和饲料系数与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);各组成活率、肥满度及肝体比差异不显著(P>0.05)。沉水植物各组的蟹血清超氧化物歧化酶活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,轮叶黑藻组、伊乐藻组和苦草组的中华绒螯蟹血清溶菌酶活性显著升高(P<0.05),金鱼藻组和马来眼子菜组则差异不显著(P>0.05);除马来眼子菜组降低外,其余4种沉水植物组中华绒螯蟹对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗力强于对照组。因此,除马来眼子菜以外的4种沉水植物对中华绒螯蟹的生长性能无明显的促进作用,但可在一定程度上提高其非特异性免疫力。  相似文献   

11.
An experiment was conducted to determine the amount of P needed to saturate simulated fish pond sediments, formulated to contain six levels of clay (0, 30, 41, 64, 73 and 81% by weight). A series of cylindrical cement tanks were filled to 20 cm depth with the six sediment types and triple superphosphate (TSP) solution was added to reach P saturation in sediment. Results showed that all sediment types reached constant inorganic-P concentration in the upper 5 cm after 12 weeks of TSP application, and P adsorption capacity of sediment increased with increasing clay content. Sediment P adsorption was slower and not significant (P > 0·05) below 5 cm depth except in the sediment type containing 0% clay. Regression analysis showed that the rate and adsorption capacity of P in sediment are primarily governed by clay content and its dominant minerals. While organic-P and loosely bound-P are commonly deposited in sediment, most inorganic-P is adsorbed by cations to form cation-P complexes. The linear relationship between cation-P saturation level and the percentage of clay in sediment is highly significant (r2 = 0·84, P < 0·001) and, therefore, maximum adsorption capacity of cation-P in pond sediment can be approximated by Y = 0·019X (where Y represents the 100% saturation level in mg P g−1 soil, and X is the percentage of clay in the sediment). In practice, the level of P saturation in sediment can be approximated by the initial cation-P and clay contents in the top 5 cm of pond mud using the equation: P saturation (%) = initial cation-P (mg g−1 soil) × 100/P adsorption capacity (mg g−1 soil).  相似文献   

12.
This study involved the determination of sediment quality and heavy metals in the water column and bottom sediment of a selected cage fish farm in Lake Volta, to assess the potential impact of metals and organic matter pollution on the lake due to cage fish farming. Sediment analysis indicated that the texture of all sampling sites was sandy clay loam with sand dominating with a range of 31.5%–81.2%. The organic matter (TOM) ranged from 4.42%–8.89%, while organic carbon (TOC) was from 2.57%–5.22%. Total nitrogen (TN) fluctuated between 0.22% and 0.45%; total phosphate ranged between 0.22% and 5.30%. The TOC, TOM and TN content in the farm sediment were significantly lower than those of the reference sites (ANOVA, p < .05). Lead, copper, cadmium and selenium were not detected in the water. The results revealed that heavy metal concentrations in the water column and sediments were low and within tolerable levels, indicating no influence of metals from fish feed was observed on the lake water quality. However, the farm seemed to have moderate impact on sediment quality from organic matter. Water and sediment quality monitoring should be embarked upon periodically to ensure sustainable cage culture in the Lake Volta.  相似文献   

13.
为了研究外来沉水植物伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)和埃格草(Egeria densa)对夏季自然高温强光照环境的生理响应,选择同科本地种轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)作对比,在2014年8月夏季自然环境下进行实验处理,分别在第0、3、6、9、12、15天测定各物种的叶绿素含量、最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、丙二醛含量和脯氨酸含量,以分析其变化情况。结果显示,高温与强光照对3种沉水植物的生理特征都有显著影响,特别是对其光合作用影响显著,且长期高温强光照环境的影响更大。第1-3天,温度升高至31℃左右,伊乐藻的叶绿素含量和3种植物的Fv/Fm显著低于初始值(P<0.05);第4-6天温度持续在32℃左右,3种植物的叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm显著低于初始值(P<0.05),且伊乐藻和埃格草的丙二醛含量显著高于初始值(P<0.05);除了第3天埃格草的叶绿素含量外,整个实验期间伊乐藻和埃格草的叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm显著低于初始值(P<0.05),在第12天和第15天时轮叶黑藻的叶绿素含量与初始值无明显差异(P>0.05),第9天和第12天轮叶黑藻的Fv/Fm与初始值无明显差异(P>0.05),并且整个实验期间轮叶黑藻的丙二醛含量和脯氨酸含量与初始值均无明显差异(P>0.05),表明轮叶黑藻通过较快恢复光合作用并维持体内抗氧化系统的稳定,对夏季高温强光照环境展现出较好的适应能力。光合作用能力降低以及长期高温强光照条件下,丙二醛含量显著增加,使得外来种伊乐藻和埃格草不适合在高温强光照环境中生长,夏季高温与强光照环境将会抑制其入侵和扩散。外来种伊乐藻和埃格草对高温强光照的耐受力低于本地种轮叶黑藻。  相似文献   

14.
15.
附植藻类-黑藻体系克澡效应初探   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
向鲜重约10g的扦插黑藻顶枝端表面分别接种1.00、2.00和4.00g鲜重附植藻类,组成3个附植藻类一黑藻体系处理组,另设置未接种附植藻类的单一黑藻体系处理组,研究了各处理组种植水对水华鱼腥藻的化感作用。研究结果表明,附植藻类-黑藻体系和单一黑藻体系均对水华鱼腥藻产生了显著的化感抑制作用;附植藻类-黑藻体系抑制作用强于单一的黑藻体系;附植藻类接种量大的处理组。抑制作用较强,其中接种4.00g鲜重附植藻类的体系对水华鱼腥藻产生了极显著的化感抑制作用,叶绿素a去除率达97.65%。  相似文献   

16.
Abstract  Fish community composition was assessed among six macrophyte habitats, including hydrilla, Hydrilla verticillata (L.F.) Royle, common native species (bulrush, Scirpus spp., muskgrass, Chara spp., eelgrass, Vallisneria americana Michx. and Illinois pondweed, Potamogeton illinoensis Morong) and no-plants, to assess potential impacts of recent hydrilla colonisation on the littoral fish community at Lake Izabal, Guatemala. Fish biomass was significantly different among habitats, with hydrilla supporting the highest fish biomass. Fish density did not differ significantly among habitats. Total fish species richness was similar (12-15 species) among habitats, but community composition changed with macrophyte presence. Biomass of mojarra, Cichlasoma maculicauda Regan, which supported the most important subsistence fishery at the lake, was significantly different among habitats and had the greatest biomass in the hydrilla habitat. Although hydrilla may adversely affect native plants, lake access and other uses, it provided useful fish habitat and likely was not detrimental to the Lake Izabal fish community composition.  相似文献   

17.
  • 1. Loss on ignition (LOI) is a widely used method to estimate organic matter (OM) in the sediment of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Thermogravimetric‐differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA) of organic species provides information on thermal reactions, the amount and properties of clay structural water, organic species and carbonates.
  • 2. The accuracy of LOI compared with that of TG‐DTA was evaluated in 33 sediment samples from the Lagoon of Venice (Italy).
  • 3. In all tests conducted with TG‐DTA the mass loss of OM and the loss of clay structural water (LCSW) from oxidized samples were measured. The mass loss of OM at 350°C (TG‐DTA 350 OM) and the total extraction of organic matter at 567°C (TEOM) calculated from the difference between natural state samples and oxidized samples highlight the presence of both thermally labile and thermally stable substances.
  • 4. The grain size data of sediment samples from the Lagoon shows a variable distribution between slightly muddy sand and mud. Loss of clay structural water at 350°C (LCSW 350) and total extraction of clay structural water at 567°C (TECSW) both estimated by TG‐DTA on oxidized samples, were found to correspond approximately to 6% and 10%, respectively of the clay fraction (<4 µm). This percentage may be used to correct LOI measurements of OM in sediments with high clay content.
  • 5. LOI 350 (loss on ignition at 350°C) and LOI 550 (loss on ignition at 550°C) proved to be ~80% and ~200%, respectively, of total extraction of mass loss at 350°C (TG‐DTA 350 tot) and at 567°C (TEML) estimated by TG‐DTA on natural samples, meaning that the LOI 550 value represents a significant overestimate. The difference between the LOI 550 and TEML values indicates that the mass loss excess (MLE) may be accounted for by losses due to breakdown of carbonates.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract— We conducted laboratory experiments which demonstrated that three littoral zone fishes differentially selected among three macrophytes when seeking refuge from predation. In the presence of a predator (a juvenile Micropterus salmoides ), mosquitofish ( Gambusia holbrooki ), sailfin mollies ( Poecilia latipinna ). and dollar sunfish ( Lepomis marginatus ) displayed ferential use of four tank areas containing patches of either Hydrilla verticillata , Potamogeton illinoensis, Panicum hemitomon , or no plants. Patterns habitat selection, and the consistency of these patterns among replicates, differed among the three fishes and among three plant-density treatments - natural (each macrophyte presented at its mean field density), equal (all three macrophytes at the same density), and control (no plants). Selection for H. verticillata by mosquitofish was significant for both the equal and natural treatments, and thus was not caused by differences in plant density alone. Sailfin mollies displayed significant selection for H. verticillata only in the natural plant-density treatments. Dollar sunfish showed less consistent habitat selection than either mosquitofish or sailfin mollies. Significant habitat selection was not found in the absence of a predator, and there was no evidence for lection among the tank areas in control treatments. Patterns of habitat selection by the three fishes in our laboratory study corresponded to observed habitat use in Lake Okeechobee.  相似文献   

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