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1.
This study was designed to evaluate serum bile acid measurements as indicatory, of liver function and/or hepatic fat infiltration in dairy cattle. Serum bile acid concentrations were measured in healthy dairy cattle at different stages of lactation after fasting or feeding. Bile acid concentrations were compared with liver fat content and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) half-life (T 1/2). Serum bile acid concentrations were higher in cows in early lactation and with higher daily milk production. Compared with prefasting values, bile acid concentrations were decreased at 8,14, and 24 hours of fasting. Blood samples from fed cows at 1 - to 2-hour intervals had wide and inconsistent variations in bile acid concentration. Because serum bile acids correlated well with BSP T 1/2, it is suggested that both measurements evaluate a similar aspect of liver function. Neither bile acids nor BSP T I correlated with differences in liver fat content among cows. Because of large variability in serum bile acid concentrations in fed cows and the lack of correlation of measured values with liver fat content, bile acid determinations do not appear useful for showing changes in hepatic function in fed cows with subclinical hepatic lipidosis nor serve as a screening test for this condition.  相似文献   

2.
Effects of induced cholestasis and hepatocellular necrosis and of fasting on serum biochemical constituents including bile acids, IgA, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), arginase, and the clearance of sodium sulfobromophthalein were studied in 4 groups of equids. The reference value for serum bile acids, as determined by an enzymatic colorimetric procedure for horses and ponies was 5.94 +/- 2.72 mumol/L, there being no statistical difference for horses and ponies. Sample collection at time of feeding had no effect on serum bile acid concentration. Seemingly, serum bile acids, arginase, and GGT were the most sensitive indicators of cholestasis and/or hepatocellular necrosis and would form an essential minimum effective battery of tests to diagnose and prognose hepatic disease in equids. These tests provided a measure of hepatobiliary transport function (bile acids), cell necrosis (arginase), and cholestasis (GGT and bile acids).  相似文献   

3.
Effects of halothane anesthesia on equine liver function   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Effects of halothane anesthesia were investigated in ponies prepared surgically with chronic external biliary fistulas (T tubes) to determine the effects on liver function and biliary excretion during 2 hours of anesthesia. Four studies were performed on 2 ponies, 2 to 6 months after surgery with the enterohepatic circulation held intact between studies. Intravenous bile acid infusion was used to maintain steady-state bile flow, bilirubin, and bile acid excretion during each study. Compared with the immediate 2-hour preanesthesia values (base line), halothane caused a 138% increase in bilirubin excretion, a 60% increase in biliary bilirubin concentration, and a 43% increase in PCV. Halothane anesthesia also caused a 16% reduction in plasma bilirubin, a 46% reduction in biliary bile acid concentration, and a 27% reduction in bile acid excretion. The bile acid independent fraction of bile flow appeared to increase. Plasma aspartate transaminase concentration did not change during anesthesia. The ratio of conjugated bilirubin fractions in bile [82% to 83% disconjugates of glucuronide and glucoside (2 forms) and 17% to 18% monoconjugates of glucoside, glucuronide, and xyloside] did not change during anesthesia and less than 1% was excreted unconjugated. Halothane anesthesia did not appear to affect adversely the activity of the transferase-conjugating enzymes in the presence of an increased bilirubin load. Seemingly, greatly increased conjugated bilirubin excretion observed during halothane anesthesia was most likely the result of a combination of increased hepatic clearance from plasma and increased hepatic bilirubin production from turnover of free hepatic heme or heme from the induced cytochrome P-450 system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

4.
An eight-year-old neutered female domestic longhair cat was presented with icterus and a palpable cranial abdominal mass. The cat had undergone an open biopsy of the liver two years previously. Abdominal radiographic findings included a solitary soft tissue mass originating from the right cranial hepatic region. An anechoic cystic structure was identified on ultrasound examination. Surgical exploration revealed the cyst to be filled with bile. The fibrous capsule of the cyst originated in the liver. Severe hepatic lipidosis was also present. It is believed that the bilorna was a complication of the previous hepatic biopsy and not a sequela of hepatic lipidosis.  相似文献   

5.
The concentration of total plasma bile acids was measured in normal sheep and in sheep in which liver damage was induced by chronic copper poisoning, ligated bile ducts or induced ketosis. All three treatments produced a rise in total bile acid concentration in plasma which was proportional to the degree of hepatic damage seen histologically and which tended to parallel changes in activity of iditol, and glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate amino-transferase in plasma. Plasma bile acid concentration was a more sensitive method of detecting these types of liver damage than was the measurement of total plasma bilirubin concentration, and could be used to assess alterations in liver function in sheep.  相似文献   

6.
The serum concentration of bile acids was measured in dogs and cats with portosystemic venous anomalies (PSVA). In 14 dogs, the mean serum bile acid concentration after 12 hours of fasting was 61.7 +/- 68.7 mumol/L (normal, 2.3 +/- 0.4 mumol/L (SEM) and when measured 2 hours after a meal in 15 dogs was 229.9 +/- 87.7 mumol/L (normal, 8.3 +/- 2.2 mumol/L). The fasting serum bile acid concentration was within the normal range in 5 of 14 dogs. The postprandial concentration was determined in 3 of the 5 and in each case increased more than tenfold above the fasting value. The mean fasting serum bile acid concentration in 4 cats was 24.4 +/- 10.1 mumol/L (normal, 1.7 +/- 0.3 mumol/L) and in 2 of the cats increased to a mean of 120.6 mumol/L (normal, 8.3 +/- 0.8 mumol/L) 2 hours after feeding. The bile acid values in patients with PSVA were correlated with values for blood ammonia content, sulfobromophthalein (BSP) retention, and results of conventional tests of hepatic function. Bile acid concentrations were more sensitive than abnormalities in serum enzyme activities or BSP retention and equal in sensitivity to the ammonia tolerance test in detecting hepatobiliary insufficiency. Bile acid measurements were accomplished with less inconvenience to the patient and clinician, than tests of BSP excretion or ammonia tolerance. Used in combination with conventional laboratory tests for hepatic disease, pre- and postprandial serum bile acid concentrations appear to be a sensitive and specific indicator of hepatobiliary dysfunction of value in the diagnosis of PSVA in the dog and cat.  相似文献   

7.
An 11-year-old Thoroughbred broodmare was evaluated for suspected hepatic dysfunction. Clinical signs of hepatic encephalopathy were evident at admission. Hepatic ultrasonographic evaluation revealed an increase in hepatic size, rounded borders and normal echogenicity. There was no evidence of cholelithiasis or bile duct distention. Increased activity of hepatic enzymes, increased bile acid and bilirubin concentration and an increased ammonia concentration were supportive of a diagnosis of hepatic disease and hepatic encephalopathy. Histopathological evaluation of a liver biopsy specimen was consistent with chronic active hepatitis. The mare was treated with intravenous fluids and antimicrobials, pentoxyfilline, branched-chain amino acids and dietary manipulation. Clinical improvement was observed initially; however, 3 weeks later, deterioration in the mare's condition necessitated euthanasia. Pathological lesions at necropsy were restricted to the liver and brain. The liver was diffusely firm with a prominent reticular pattern on the cut surface. A large choledocholith was present in the main bile duct of the left liver lobe. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed severe fibrosis, with hyperplastic bile ducts and mononuclear and neutrophilic inflammation. Pathological changes consistent with hepatic encephalopathy, (Alzheimer type II cells), were evident in the cerebrum of both the mare and the fetus.  相似文献   

8.
Serum bile acid (SBA) concentration was determined weekly for 4 weeks in dogs with experimentally induced hyperbilirubinemic liver disease. Obstructive jaundice was created in 6 dogs by surgical ligation of the common bile duct, and hepatocellular jaundice was created in 6 sham-operated dogs by administration of dimethylnitrosamine; 6 other sham-operated dogs served as controls. Serum bile acid concentration increased rapidly after bile duct ligation (from 0.6 +/- 0.1 to 69.2 +/- 15.3 mumol/L at 3 days), peaked at 14 days (247.8 +/- 54.1 mumol/L), and then gradually decreased (179.9 +/- 27.1 mumol/L at 28 days). Serum bile acid concentration in dimethylnitrosamine-treated dogs increased more gradually to 38.9 +/- 10.7 mumol/L at 28 days, at which time the serum bilirubin concentration was comparable with that of bile duct-ligated dogs. Mean total SBA values in bile duct-ligated dogs were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than those in control and dimethylnitrosamine-treated dogs at days 3 through 28, with no overlap of individual values. Serum bile acid concentration at day 28 correlated positively (P less than 0.01) with cholestasis and bile duct proliferation observed in liver biopsy specimens, but did not correlate with necrosis or inflammation. Serum bile acid concentration also correlated positively (P less than 0.01) with serum bilirubin and cholesterol concentrations and with serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase activities. Results of the study reported here indicated a relationship between SBA concentration and cholestasis in dogs; extrahepatic bile duct obstruction resulted in the highest SBA values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

9.
The case records of 36 cats and dogs undergoing surgical correction of a single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt were reviewed. In 12 animals, the shunt was fully ligated during the first surgical procedure, while, in the remaining 24, the shunting vessel could only be partially ligated. Assessment of serum bile acid concentrations demonstrated complete shunt occlusion in 15 of these latter 24 animals (63 per cent) between one and six months postoperatively. Ten animals (28 per cent) had persistently high serum bile acid concentrations postoperatively. Portovenogram findings in these individuals revealed six that demonstrated shunting solely through the original vessel; In five of these, full shunt attenuation was achieved at second surgery. Further shunt manipulation was not possible in the sixth case due to extensive adhesion formation. In the remaining four animals with raised bile acid concentrations, the portovenogram demonstrated shunting through the original vessel as well as the development of multiple acquired shunts.  相似文献   

10.
Choledochal cysts, congenital segmental dilations of the common bile duct, have been reported in few cats, and histologic characterization is lacking. A 20-mo-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented because of vomiting and weight loss. There was progressive elevation of liver enzyme activity (ALT > ALP, GGT) and hyperbilirubinemia. Diagnostic imaging identified focal cystic dilation of the common bile duct, dilation and tortuosity of adjacent hepatic ducts, and a prominent duodenal papilla. A choledochal cyst was suspected, and the animal was euthanized. On postmortem examination, there was a 2-cm, firm, thickened, cystic dilation of the common bile duct, patent with adjacent ducts. Histologically, the cyst wall was expanded by fibroblasts, collagen, and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. Adjacent bile ducts were markedly dilated and tortuous, with lymphoplasmacytic inflammation and papillary mucosal hyperplasia that extended to the major duodenal papilla. There was chronic neutrophilic cholangitis, suggesting bacterial infection and/or disturbed bile drainage, extrahepatic obstruction, and lymphoplasmacytic pancreatitis with ductular metaplasia. Prominent lymphoid follicles within biliary ducts and duodenum suggested chronic antigenic stimulation. Choledochal cysts can be associated with chronic neutrophilic cholangitis, extrahepatic obstruction, choledochitis, duodenal papillitis, and pancreatitis, and should be a differential for increased hepatic enzymes and hyperbilirubinemia in young cats.  相似文献   

11.
Plasma bile acids, plasma amino acids, and the total hepatic pools of aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase were compared in control sheep (Group 1), sheep with subclinical pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis (Group 2), and in sheep with acute hepatocellular necrosis associated with the hemolytic phase of chronic copper poisoning (Group 3). Subclinical pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis was not associated with any changes in bile acid or amino acid status but was associated with a significant decline in the hepatic pools of sorbitol dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. This observation could not be explained in terms of enzyme leakage from damaged hepatocytes and suggested that pyrrolizidine alkaloids might specifically inhibit hepatocellular enzyme synthesis. Group 3 sheep also had reduced hepatic enzyme pools which were at least partly referable to enzyme leakage from damaged hepatocytes. In these sheep, increases in plasma bile acids were a more sensitive index of hepatic function than were either increased aromatic amino acid concentration or the ratio between branched chain and aromatic amino acids.  相似文献   

12.
Under general anaesthesia the common bile duct was ligated in two sheep and two calves. Occlusion of the duct was permanent and was followed by portal fibrosis, proliferation of bile ducts and intrahepatic bile stasis. Mild hepatic cell damage was accompanied by the release of glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and arginase into serum. The release of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was slower but more continuous. One sheep and one calf developed peritonitis associated with the leakage of bile from a biopsy wound in the live. One of these animals and the other two on which biopsy was not performed became photosensitised on exposure to sunlight. The concentration of phylloerythrin was high in serum and urine. All animals became jaundiced and the increased concentration of bilirubin in serum and urine was mainly direct reacting, ie, conjugated with glucuronic acid.  相似文献   

13.
Serum bile acid concentrations were measured in 41 clinically healthy cattle of different breeds. There was no diurnal variation in values and age and sex had no effect. There was no significant difference between serum and plasma bile acid concentrations in clinically healthy cattle. Serum bile acids were stable on storage at -20 degrees C. The total serum bile acid concentrations, together with other tests of hepatic disease, were evaluated in cattle with various types of hepatobiliary disease (hepatic lipidosis, hepatic abscessation, leptospirosis, biliary calculi, fascioliasis), respiratory, cardiovascular and infectious diseases, and in various other conditions not affecting the liver. Total serum bile acids were the most specific and sensitive indicators of a wide variety of hepatic diseases and were significantly correlated with the degree of clinical illness.  相似文献   

14.
Plasma bile acid concentrations were measured in normal horses. There was no diurnal variation in values, and age and sex had no effect. There was no significant difference between serum and plasma bile acid concentrations in clinically normal horses. Plasma bile acids were stable on storage for one month at -20 degrees C. The total plasma bile acid concentrations together with total and direct bilirubin concentrations and plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate and iditol dehydrogenase were evaluated in horses with various types of hepatobiliary disease (hepatic necrosis, lipidosis, neoplasia and cirrhosis), gastrointestinal disease, cardiovascular, orthopaedic and various other conditions not affecting the liver. Total plasma bile acids together with plasma glutamate and iditol dehydrogenase activities were the best indicators of liver disease. Total plasma bile acid concentrations were the most sensitive indicator of a wide variety of hepatic diseases but alone were unhelpful in differential diagnosis and were of more value when combined with the other tests of hepatic disease.  相似文献   

15.
The clinical usefulness of measuring serum bile acid concentrations as a diagnostic test for hepatobiliary disease was examined in 80 cats that were suspected of having hepatic disease. Serum values of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) also were measured. Fasting serum bile acid values were determined by use of solid-phase radioimmunoassay for total conjugated bile acids or by a direct enzymatic spectrophotometric method. A definitive diagnosis was established by histologic examination of the liver, and on the basis of these findings, cats were assigned to groups (1 to 8, respectively) including: extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, hepatic lipidosis, cirrhosis, intrahepatic cholestasis (cholangiohepatitis, cholangitis), neoplasia, hepatic necrosis, portosystemic vascular anomalies, and miscellaneous. Cats in group 8 had no morphologic evidence of hepatobiliary disease or had hepatic lesions that were mild. Test efficacy of fasting serum bile acids, total bilirubin, ALP, ALT, and AST were expressed by use of 4 indices: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The diagnostic efficacy of fasting serum bile acids was examined alone and in combinations with the other tests. There was wide overlapping of values of fasting serum bile acids, total bilirubin, ALP, ALT, and AST among cats in groups 1 to 7. The specificity of fasting serum bile acids for the diagnosis of hepatic disease exceeded 90% at values greater than or equal to 5 mumol/L and reached 100% at greater than or equal to 15 mumol/L.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate 3 methods for measuring urine bile acids (UBA) and compare their diagnostic performance with that of the serum bile acids (SBA) test and other routine screening tests in dogs with hepatic disorders. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 15 healthy dogs, 102 dogs with hepatic disorders, and 9 dogs with clinical signs of hepatic disorders that were found to have nonhepatic disorders. PROCEDURES: Blood and urine samples were collected from sick dogs and healthy dogs for serum biochemical analyses, and determination of concentrations of SBA and UBA. Urine samples were obtained from 15 healthy dogs to establish an upper cutoff value for UBA concentrations. The UBA were measured by use of a quantitative-linked enzymatic colorimetric method. Three analytical modifications were evaluated; 1 quantified only urine sulfated bile acids (USBA), 1 only urine nonsulfated bile acids (UNSBA), and 1 quantified both (USBA plus UNSBA). The UBA values were standardized with the urine creatinine concentration. RESULTS: The UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio and USBA plus UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio tests had the best diagnostic performance of the UBA tests; each had a substantially higher specificity, slightly higher positive predictive value, slightly lower negative predictive value, and lower sensitivity than the SBA test. These UBA-to-creatinine values were positively correlated with SBA values. The USBA-to-creatinine ratio had poor sensitivity, indicating a low rate of bile acid sulfation in dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The UBA can be measured in dogs with sufficient repeatability and accuracy for clinical application. The UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio and USBA plus UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio identified dogs with hepatic disorders nearly as well as the SBA test.  相似文献   

17.
Uric acid was used as a test for liver disease before the advent of enzymology. Three old studies criticised uric acid as a test of liver function. Uric acid, as an end-product of purine metabolism in the liver, deserved re-evaluation as a liver function test. Serum totalbile acids are widely accepted as the most reliable liver function test. This study compared the ability of serum uric acid concentration to assess liver function with that of serum pre-prandial bile acids in dogs. In addition, due to the renal excretion of uric acid the 2 assays were also compared in a renal disease group. Using a control group of healthy dogs, a group of dogs with congenital vascular liver disease, a group of dogs with non-vascular parenchymal liver diseases and a renal disease group, the ability of uric acid and pre-prandial bile acids was compared to detect reduced functional hepatic mass overall and in the vascular or parenchymal liver disease groups separately. Sensitivities, specificities and predictive value parameters were calculated for each test. The medians of uric acid concentration did not differ significantly between any of the groups, whereas pre-prandial bile acids medians were significantly higher in the liver disease groups compared with the normal and renal disease group of dogs. The sensitivity of uric acid in detecting liver disease overall was 65% while the specificity of uric acid in detecting liver disease overall was 59%. The sensitivity and specificity of uric acid in detecting congenital vascular liver disease was 68% and 59%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of uric acid in detecting parenchymal liver disease was 63% and 60%, respectively. The overall positive and negative predictive values for uric acid in detecting liver disease were poor and the data in this study indicated uric acid to be an unreliable test of liver function. In dogs suffering from renal compromise serum uric acid concentrations may increase into the abnormal range due to its renal route of excretion.  相似文献   

18.
为了研究矢车菊素对肝细胞胆固醇代谢的影响,以人肝细胞系L02为研究对象,采用软脂酸建立肝细胞脂肪变性模型并通过不同浓度矢车菊素处理,采用ELISA检测细胞内胆固醇及胆汁酸浓度,RT—PCR和Westernblot检测胆固醇降解限速酶CYP7A11i3．RNA及蛋白表达水平。结果显示：与空白组相比,10g／L和30g／L软脂酸组L02细胞内胆固醇水平随软脂酸浓度增加而升高（P〈0．05）,而胆汁酸水平没有明显变化,此过程伴随cYP7A1蛋白表达上调（P〈0．05）。舍有30g／L软脂酸的模型细胞组内添加5mg／L以上矢车菊素可显著降低细胞内胆固醇水平并同时增加胆汁酸浓度（P〈0．05）,此过程伴随CYP7A1mRNA及蛋白的显著上调（P〈0．05）;当矢车菊素添加剂量为20mg／L时,与模型组相比CYP7A1蛋白极显著上调（P〈0．01）。结果提示,矢车菊素能够通过促进L02细胞CYP7A1蛋白表达,实现促进脂肪变性肝细胞胆固醇代谢的调节作用。  相似文献   

19.
This paper studies the progression of various hepatic function tests (fasting and post prandial plasma bile acids, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase [HBDH], LDH isoenzymogram, and 45 minutes sulphobromophthalein retention) in a classic model of canine hepatic injury. Sulphobromphthalein and plasma bile acid determination are excellent indicators of hepatic damage. Post prandial bile acid quantification does not improve the diagnostic capacity of this test. LDH alters only in the first 48 hours after poisoning and the study of the HBDH/LDH ratio makes it possible to differentiate the origin of plasma LDH. LDH isoenzymogram is not a practical test for routine clinical diagnosis.  相似文献   

20.
BACKGROUND: Hepatopathy in dogs with chronic respiratory diseases is poorly recognized. The aim of this study was to evaluate liver parameters alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, as well as basal and stimulated bile acid concentration, in dogs with tracheal collapse. HYPOTHESIS: Dogs with tracheal collapse have hepatopathy. ANIMALS: 26 dogs with tracheal collapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gall bladder contraction was stimulated by intramuscular injection of a synthetic cholecystokinin analogue (ceruletide). Twelve healthy Beagle dogs and 30 dogs of various breeds investigated previously without evidence of hepatic, gastrointestinal, or respiratory diseases served as control. Amelioration of liver variables was assessed after stent implantation. RESULTS: Twelve of 26 (46%) dogs had increased serum activity of 2 or more liver enzymes. Serum basal bile acid concentrations were high in 24 of 26 dogs. Twenty- and 40-minute stimulated bile acids were significantly higher in dogs with tracheal collapse (64.2 +130.0/-43.0 micromol/L and 82.6 +164.0/-57.1 micromol/L) compared to the control dogs (7.0 +/- 3.6 micromol/L and 6.4 +/- 3.5 micromol/L). All twelve dogs reevaluated after a median of 58 days (48-219 days) had a normal breathing pattern and significantly decreased 20 and 40 minutes stimulated bile acids (50.0 +92.7/-32.8 micromol/L, 52.8 +97.6/-34.3 micromol/L; P = .0043), whereas plasma liver enzyme activities were not significantly influenced. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: There was a significant hepatic dysfunction in the majority of dogs with a tracheal collapse. Liver function should be routinely assessed in dogs with severe respiratory disease.  相似文献   

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