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1.
Caulogenic calli with a high differentiation potency were induced from mature embryos ofPicea jezoensis seeds stored over a long time, for 29 years, resulting in the active formation of adventitious buds. Embryos began to induce
calli within 3 weeks of cultivating on LP medium containing 3 μM BAP and 1 μM 2,4-D. Then, the calli proliferated and transformed
into caulogenic calli with bud primordia in 8 weeks. The caulogenic calli increased actively with the addition of 500 mg/l ofl-glutamine in the medium. Furthermore, caulogenic calli, induced on LP medium containingl-glutamine, resulted in the formation of adventitious buds, which elongated after transferring the calli into LP medium with
0.1 μM BAP, but withoutl-glutamine. It appears that the number of adventitious buds and the process of shoot elongation are influenced by the kind
of nitrogen contained in the medium for callus induction.
A part of this study was presented at the 107th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society (1996). 相似文献
2.
Experiments were conducted to study plant regeneration through direct somatic embryogenesis using mature zygotic embryo and
cotyledonary explants from seeds of Melia volkensii stored for <3 and >12 months. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with BAP, NAA and 2,4-D
(0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg l−1) alone, and BAP (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg l−1) in combination with 2,4-D or NAA (0.2 and 0.5 mg l−1). After 4 weeks in culture, up to 60% of cotyledonary explants from the seeds stored for <3 months produced direct somatic
embryos on BAP (0.5–4.0 mg l−1) in combination with 2,4-D (0.2 mg l−1). The number of somatic embryos ranged from 5 to 14 per explant in BAP (0.5 mg l−1) and 2,4-D (0.2 mg l−1) combination. Only 20% of cotyledonary explants from seeds stored for >12 months produced somatic embryos. Mature zygotic
embryos failed to produce any somatic embryos. Subcultures of somatic embryos from cotyledonary explants of seeds stored for
<3 months formed clusters of shootlets on semi solid MS and 1/2 MS media. After 6 weeks of subculture on multiplication MS
media augmented with BAP (0.5 mg l−1) and IAA (0.2 mg l−1), 70% of the shoot tips formed 4–7 shoots per explant. Up to 33% of the multiplied shoots were rooted in MS medium supplemented
with 2.0 mg l−1 IBA. Plantlets developed normally into seedlings in the greenhouse. 相似文献
3.
Different nutrient media can affect in vitro culturing protocols, and experimentation under varied growth conditions is valuable in plants where in vitro methods are in preliminary stages. We carried out the first in vitro propagation studies for the endangered species Caragana fruticosa (Fabaceae). We evaluated various nutrient media for their impact on shoot elongation and axillary bud proliferation using
different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Shoot elongation was evaluated based
on adventitious shoot primary culture and subculture regeneration from Caragana seedlings. Our goal was to improve both micropropagation and regeneration in C. fruticosa. MS nutrient media was superior to 1/2MS macronutrients, DKW, QL, and WPM for shoot elongation and axillary shoot proliferation.
Shoots grown on 1/2MS and WPM exhibited some chlorosis, and shoots on QL produced larger leavers than plants growing on normal
medium. The shoot proliferation coefficient on MS media supplemented with 2.22 μM BA and 0.44 μM BA + 2.69 μM NAA was significantly
higher than that with other treatments in the primary culture. Shoots on 2.22 μM BA showed a higher proliferation coefficient
(3.17) than others in the subculture. Shoots were rooted on 1/2MS medium with the addition of different concentrations of
NAA. The optimal concentration for rooting was 0.27 μM NAA (74%). Roots exhibited many stout and long root hairs. Survivl
of established plantlets was 82% at 30 days after transfer to soil. Plants established in the green house showed normal growth
and displayed no apparent morphological differences compared to stock plants. 相似文献
4.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(2-3):103-114
Abstract Micropropagation protocols for Dendrocalamus asper using nodal shoots and seeds culture are described. Multiple shoots were induced through forced axillary branching. Ninety-five percent of the nodal shoot explants taken from juvenile primary and lateral branches, produced multiple shoots through axillary buds activation within 2 to 8 weeks on Murashige & Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1-15 mg/l benzyladenine (BA). The cultured seeds also produced multiple shoots (1-20) within 6 weeks on this medium. The multiple shoot differentiation was influenced by the concentration of BA in the medium. The in vitro generated shoots were excised and subculture on MS + 3.0 mg/l BAP for further shoot multiplication. Fifteen to 20 fold rate of shoot multiplication was achieved by regular subculturing. These shoots were multiplied for more than 3 years without loss of vigor. Ninety-five percent of the shoots were rooted, when propagules (each consisting of cluster of 3 shoots) were transferred on to MS medium with 3.0 mg/l NAA or 10 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). To date, 18,000 plants (through axillary bud initiated from nodal ex-plants) and 6,000 plants from seed culture have been hardened and acclimatized. 12,000 plants have been field transferred. 相似文献
5.
以紫穗槐茎段为研究对象,确定了影响其愈伤组织诱导的关键因子、不定芽分化及生根培养的最佳条件,建立了紫穗槐稳定高频再生体系。试验结果表明：紫穗槐茎段愈伤组织的最适诱导培养基为MS＋6-BA4.0mg/L＋NAA2.0mg/L＋2,4-D0.5mg/L,诱导率为100%,经愈伤组织分化不定芽的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA0.5mg/L＋NAA0.1mg/L＋KT2mg/L,分化率为96.2%,增殖倍数为7.3;不定芽最佳生根培养基为1/2MS＋酵母提取物0.5mg/L;再生植株移植在选用田园土、蛭石（5∶1）混合的基质上,光强3000lx,光照时间14h/d下生长,3周后成活率达85.67%。 相似文献
6.
野葛愈伤组织诱导与不定芽分化 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
采用MS为基本培养基，附加NAA、6-BA和IAA3种激素．诱导野葛不同外植体愈伤组织形成；再将愈伤组织接种在不同浓度6-BA的MS培养基上．分别在光照和黑暗条件下进行不定芽的诱导。结果表明．野葛幼叶、茎段和顶芽在适宜激素的诱导下均能形成愈伤组织，但不同激素组合其愈伤组织诱导率不同。幼叶愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS NAA1．0mg／L 6-BA1．0mg/L．其诱导率为75％．茎段愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS NAA1．0mg／L 6-BA3．0mg／L IAA0．2mg/L，其诱导率为70％。不同外植体形成的愈伤组织其不定芽的分化诱导率不同．茎段愈伤组织在不同浓度6-BA下均能诱导出不定芽；光照有利于芽的分化．在光培养条件下，茎段愈伤组织不定芽平均诱导率为66．7％。 相似文献
7.
Thidiazuron (TDZ) induced somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos in Cinnamomum pauciflorum Nees while 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or picloram only induced callus and/or adventitious
buds. The highest induction frequency for somatic embryogenesis was achieved with MS medium (Murashige and Skoog in Physiol
Plant 15:473–497 1962) supplemented with 2.5 μM TDZ using torpedo-shaped embryos (3–5 mm in length) as explants. In addition, induction medium
was supplemented with 0.8 g l−1 casein, 0.4 g l−1 glutamine, and 10 g l−1 sucrose. Somatic embryos (SEs) initiated from root tips or hypocotyls without callus formation. SEs were maintained and multiplied
via secondary somatic embryogenesis. Embryo maintenance medium was similar to induction medium except that TDZ was reduced
to 0.5 μM. Secondary embryogenesis was enhanced by supplementation of 5 g l−1 activated charcoal in the culture. The best medium for embryo maturation was MS medium containing 30 g l−1 sucrose and 5 g l−1 Phytagel without plant growth regulators. A typical mature SE consisted of two large cotyledons and a short embryo proper.
Approximately 82% of selected mature SEs were able to germinate and 63% could convert into plantlets on germination medium
that was composed of half strength MS medium salts, 10 g l−1 sucrose, 3 g l−1 Phytagel, and 5 g l−1 activated charcoal. 相似文献
8.
A method for efficient in vitro regeneration of Leucaena leucocephala cv. K636 was developed using immature zygotic embryos as the explant. Multiple shoot induction was achieved by culturing
the explants on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.03 to 1.5 μM). The maximum
number of shoots per explants was achieved in 0.26 μM TDZ-supplemented media. TDZ concentration significantly influenced the
induction of multiple shoots as well as the shoot-length. TDZ at 0.35 μM or higher concentrations resulted in abnormal stunted
shoots. Full-strength MS media devoid of any plant growth regulator were used for shoot elongation. In vitro root induction
was achieved in half-strength MS media supplemented either with 0.54 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or with 14.76 μM indole-3-butyric
acid (IBA) in combination with 0.23 μM kinetin (Kn). Media supplemented with 14.76 μM IBA in combination with 0.23 μM Kn induced
twofold–threefold more roots than media supplemented with 0.54 μM NAA. However, the average root length was lower in 14.76 μM
IBA in combination with 0.23 μM Kn than in 0.54 μM NAA. Regenerated plants were maintained under normal condition after hardening.
Plants, which were rooted on media supplemented with 14.76 μM IBA in combination with 0.23 μM Kn showed higher survival rate
during hardening than those rooted on 0.54 μM NAA supplemented media. 相似文献
9.
Bi-huạ Chen 《中国林学(英文版)》2009,11(3):174-178
In this study a reliable protocol was developed for the establishment of commercial in vitro cultures of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f.. Juvenile shoots from one-year-old elite plants were used as the source of explants. New axillary shoots were obtained after 30 days of culture on a MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg·L–1) and NAA (0.1 mg·L–1). The optimal multiplication medium was a modified MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg·L–1) and NAA (0.1 mg·L–1). This yielded a multiplication rate of 2.4 for each subculture. Slightly more than 92% of shoots rooted when cultured on a modified MS medium containing IBA (0.2 mg·L–1) and acti-vated charcoal (0.5 mg·L–1). Activated charcoal promoted both a strong and a high rooting rate during the rooting phase. Plantlets were transferred to pots for a short acclimatization stage in a greenhouse where 95% of the plantlets survived. This highly reproduci-ble procedure can be adopted for large-scale propagation of T. wilfordii. 相似文献
10.
A.V. Raghu S.P. Geetha Gerald Martin Indira Balachandran P.N. Ravindran 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(1):57-60
An efficient system was developed for direct plant regeneration from in vitro-derived leaf explants of Embelia ribes Burm. f., a vulnerable medicinal woody climber of the Western Ghats of India. The in vitro procedure involved three steps
that included induction of shoot initials from leaf tissue, regeneration and elongation of shoots from the shoot initials,
and rooting of shoots. The induction of shoot initials was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium supplemented
with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ). The best medium for shoot induction was MS with 0.272 μM TDZ. Numerous shoot primordia developed within 2–3 weeks on the leaf margin as well as on the midrib region, without any
callus phase. In the second step, the shoot clumps separated from the leaf explant on transfer to MS basal medium, resulting
in the differentiation of 90% of the shoot initials into well-developed shoots. The 2- to 3-cm-long shoots rooted on half-strength
MS basal medium supplemented with 4.90 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 3% (w/v) sucrose in the third stage. The rooted plants could be established in soil with
70% success. This protocol could be utilized for in vitro propagation and conservation of this important threatened medicinal
plant. 相似文献
11.
以3个非洲菊品种的叶柄为材料,研究了不同激素及其浓度对非洲菊离体培养再生的影响。结果表明:3个品种的叶柄在含单一细胞分裂素6-BA的培养基上培养时都不能被诱导出愈伤组织;而在仅含生长素NAA的培养基上培养时均可被诱导出愈伤组织,并且在其愈伤组织发生部位都有不定根发生,但只有品种6267能从不定根发生部位直接分化出不定芽;当在含NAA的培养基上再附加6-BA时也可被诱导出愈伤组织,但无不定根发生。所产生的愈伤组织在分化培养基上培养时只有由品种Ⅱ叶柄在同时含有NAA和6-BA的诱导培养基上产生的愈伤组织才可以分化出不定芽。表明愈伤组织的诱导与分化、不定芽和不定根的发生与品种及培养基中的激素种类有关。 相似文献
12.
A. K. Sarkar Ekta Rai Syed Naseer Shah Sulochna Bouddha Y. K. Bansal S. A. Ansari 《New Forests》2010,40(3):323-334
Changes in nitrate reductase, i.e. NR (E.C. 1.7.1.1) activity, peroxidase (E.C. 1.11.1.14) activity, soluble sugars and phenols were monitored at various time intervals from day 0 to 60 during in vitro adventitious shoot regeneration from leaflet explants of Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. The explants were incubated on semi-solid Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2.6 g l?1 Phytagel®, 2.5% sucrose, 10 μM BAP, 1 μM NAA and 15 μM AgNO3. NR activity, soluble sugars and phenols exhibited initial sharp rise on around day 20 followed by steep decline on day 25, whereas peroxidase activity peaked on day 50, highlighting significance of early input of nitrogen and energy and late emergence of lignification process for cellular differentiation and organization into adventitious shoot primordia. Morpho-anatomical changes in leaflets at various stages of in vitro adventitious shoot formation also followed the endogenous biochemical pattern. 相似文献
13.
14.
以灯盏细辛（Erigeron breiscapus）叶片为外植体,研究不同培养基配方对灯盏细辛离体培养过程中愈伤组织、不定芽形成,壮苗培养和离体植株生根等方面的影响。研究结果表明,低浓度的细胞分裂素与生长素配比可诱导灯盏细辛愈伤组织产生,其中MS＋BA1．00mg／L＋NAA0．50mg／L培养基配方,愈伤组织诱导率达到99．22％;不定芽诱导需要较高浓度的细胞分裂素,适宜培养基MS＋KT4．00mg／L＋IBA0．50mg／L的不定芽诱导率为38．51％,诱导系数为0．49;MS＋BA0．50mg／L＋NAA0．50mg／L＋水解酪蛋白1000．00mg／L＋PVP1000．00mg／L＋GA0．50mg／L培养基可促进不定芽分化生长,形成离体植株;离体植株生根需要高浓度生长素,适宜培养基为1／2MS＋BA0．50mg／L＋NAA3．00mg／L＋IBA3．00mg／L＋活性炭0．30％。 相似文献
15.
Cottonhead windhairdaisy (Saussurea laniceps Hand.-Mazz.) is one of the most famous and important medicinal herbs in China. Illegal collection from wild populations is increasingly threatening the present environment of S. laniceps. Establishment of an efficient method for micropropagation is the best way to change its endangered situation. When mature seeds of S. laniceps were cultured on hormone-free MS medium, plantlets were formed from germinated seeds in 7–10 d. Then 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm leaf explants were transplanted to MS medium supplemented with 1-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA)/2,4-D and benzyladenine (BA)/KT and callus was achieved 10 d after transfer. Shoot bud regeneration occurred from callus cultured on MS medium supplemented with different growth regulators 20 d after culturing. The regeneration percentages varied with the different components of plant growth regulators. The percent regeneration from callus pretreated at low temperature of 5°C increased significantly compared with those incubated at 23/20°C directly. Optimal regeneration was observed with explants on media supplemented with 1.5 mg•L–1 BA plus 0.2 mg•L-1 NAA. In the presence of 0.2 mg•L–1 NAA in half-strength MS, 78% of the shoots formed roots. Plantlets from explants showed 63% survival after acclimatization. 相似文献
16.
Softwood shoots were produced from 40 cm long stem segments placed horizontally in flat trays containing sterilized sand under natural light or shade conditions for subsequent rooting and micropropagation studies in teak (Tectona grandis L.). Higher number of shoots (6.17) per log was produced under natural light as compared to shade conditions. Forcing was also better in natural light as compared to shade in terms of shoot length, number of nodes or leaves. For rooting, 2–4 cm long softwood shoots were excised and treated with either indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or α-naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) at 0, 1000, 2000 or 3000 μmol·L–1 each or with combinations (1000 + 1000, 2000 + 2000 or 3000 + 3000 μmol·L–1) and then placed in flat trays containing autoclaved sand at 25 ± 2ºC in 16 h photoperiod at 35 µmol·m–2·s–1. After 28 days, softwood cuttings treated with IBA + NAA (3000 + 3000 μmol·L–1) had highest rooting percentage (89.3%) with 5.5 mean roots. Shoot apex and nodal explants of softwood cuttings were pretreated with 0.1% (w/v) ascorbic acid, boric acid, activated charcoal, citric acid, glutamine or polyvinylpolypyrollidone (PVP) for 24 h to remove phenolic compounds before surface disinfestation. Glutamine (Gl) and PVP were equally effective resulting in 60% establishment of shoot apices on MS medium supplemented with 10 μmol·L–1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 5 μmol·L–1 NAA. Using shoot apices, highest (42.80) number of multiple shoots with 54.33 mm shoot length were obtained on MS + BAP (8.8 μmol·L–1) + IBA (2 μmol·L–1) after 45 days. Shoots were successfully rooted and acclimatized to greenhouse 相似文献
17.
Rupali Mehta Vikas Sharma Anil Sood Madhu Sharma Ram Kumar Sharma 《European Journal of Forest Research》2011,130(5):729-736
Bambusa nutans Wall., is an evergreen, perennial, and multipurpose bamboo having strong culms, which are largely used for construction,
scaffolding, craft purposes, pulp, and paper industry. Multiple shoots from nodal segments (3–4 cm) of young branches of mature
culms were established in Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1.0–6.0 mg l−1) or in combination with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.5–1.0 mg l−1) or kinetin (Kn) (1.0–2.0 mg l−1). February–March and December were found to be the best seasons for culture establishments. Maximum shoots were achieved
on MS medium fortified with BAP (2.0 mg l−1). Embryogenic callus (slightly greenish compact, globular, and slow growing) was initiated from the base of severed sprouted
buds in 2–3 subsequent subcultures on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) (5.0 mg l−1) under dark incubations. Maturation and germination of well-organized somatic embryos was achieved on MS medium containing
BAP and 2,4-D (1.0 mg l−1 each) with 20.0 mg l−1 ascorbic acid. Full-strength MS medium supplemented with 2% glucose favored further development of proliferated somatic embryos
into plantlets. Genetic variations of field-established B. nutans plants regenerated through tissue cultures were assessed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis using
6 primer combinations. Four hundred and seven scorable fragments were amplified, of which 402 (98.8%) have recorded conservation
at various morphogenetic stages leading to plantlets regeneration, therefore, revealed a high level of genetic stability. 相似文献
18.
In vitro propagation technique of Balanites aegyptiaca, a multipurpose woody tree was studied. Nodal segments including axillary bud from mature tree were used as an explant and
their morphogenetic potential was tested on MS media with various concentrations (2.5–15.0 μM) of 6-benzyladenine (BA), Kinetin,
and Thidiazuron alone or in combination with different concentrations (0.5–2.5 μM) of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Nodal
segments showed axillary bud proliferation in almost all media tried. MS medium containing 12.5 μM BA alone was effective
for inducing multiple shoots (5.0 ± 0.22) with an average shoot length (3.7 ± 0.26 cm) in 67% of cultures. A better shoot
differentiation and elongation was achieved in a combined treatment of BA (12.5 μM) and NAA (1.0 μM). Half strength MS medium
supplemented with Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) gave the best result for rooting. The maximum frequency of root formation (68%),
number of roots (5.3 ± 0.32) and root length (4.1 ± 0.38 cm) was obtained on half strength MS medium containing 1.0 μM IBA.
The regenerated plantlets were potted and acclimatized successfully in a growth chamber and then moved to the greenhouse. 相似文献
19.
研究以非洲紫罗兰幼嫩叶片为外殖体,MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度6-BA、NAA、GA等外源激素对其愈伤形成、不定芽分化、增殖与不定根形成的影响,试验表明:采用MS+6-BA0.1～2.0mg·L-1+NAA0.01～0.5mg·L-1培养基,愈伤诱导率在20%以上;采用MS+6-BA0.1～1.0mg·L-1+NAA0.01～0.5mg·L-1+GA0.1～1.0mg·L-1培养基,对芽的生长及增殖效果好,并指出GA具有提高不定芽长势和成苗率的作用;采用1/2MS+NAA0.1～0.5mg·L-1或IBA0.1mg·L-1或IAA0.1～0.5mg·L-1,20d内生根率可达97%以上。在腐叶土∶珍珠岩=5∶3的基质中驯苗,成活率达90%以上。 相似文献
20.
A micropropagation method for Jaal (Salvadora persica)—a tree of arid horticulture and forestry has been developed. Nodal segments of fresh shoot sprouts originated from axillary
buds obtained from a plant around 35–40 years old lopped plant were used as explants for establishment of in vitro cultures.
Surface-sterilized explants produced optimum number of shoots through activation of axillary buds on Murashige and Skoog’s
(MS) medium containing 8.88 μM BA (6-benzyladenine) + additives (25 mgl−1 each of adenine sulphate, arginine, citric acid, 50 mgl−1 ascorbic acid). The shoot multiplication was influenced by the successive transfer of the mother explants for 4–5 passages.
The maximum number (23.1 ± 0.73 shoots per explant) of shoots were regenerated on MS supplemented with 1.11 μM BA + 1.16 μM
Kn (Kinetin) + 0.54 μM NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid). About 90% shoots pulse-treated with a combination of 2460.27 μM Indole-3-butyric
acid (IBA) + 494.56 μM NOA (2-naphthoxy acetic acid) were rooted ex vitro on soilrite within 15–18 days. Over 80% cloned plantlets
were hardened successfully in a green house and transferred to polybag/pots. 相似文献