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1.
４２％杀铃威乳油防治甘兰小菜蛾药效试验１９９３年我们承担湖北仙桃市农药厂提供的４２％杀铃威乳油防治甘兰小菜蛾药效试验，现简结如下。试验药剂４２％杀铃威乳油设５００倍、１０００倍、１５００倍；对照药剂为２．５％功夫乳油（英国卜内门化学工业有限公司）１０... 相似文献
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３５．７５％龙杀ＷＰ防除早稻旱秧田杂草试验湖北省荆州市植保站（４３４１００）吴嗣勋吴涛李大勇我站受美国杜邦公司委托，对该公司提供的３５．７５％龙杀可湿性粉剂，进行防除早稻旱秧田杂草试验，为该产品在旱秧田推广应用提供科学依据。现将试验结果总结如下：１试... 相似文献
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介质线虫的处理是输欧盆景能否进入输入国的一项关键性技术措施,有多种途径能达到消灭介质中线虫的目的,如热处理法,介质拦杀线剂法和熏蒸处理法等。本试验采用了常用杀菌剂－甲醛处理介质线虫,试验中采用了５０、３０、１０、５和１倍等５种浓度的处理,其中稀５０、３０、１０倍的甲醛溶液,相对杀线效果为９２％－９７．５;稀释５倍以下,处理１６８小时,相对杀线效果达到１００％。用甲醛消毒后的介质种植的番茄植 相似文献
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14种杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾的杀卵活性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选对草地贪夜蛾卵具有活性的杀虫剂,为防治卵期草地贪夜蛾提供数据支撑。采用浸渍法,室内测定了14种杀虫剂的杀卵活性。结果表明:14种杀虫剂均具有一定的杀卵活性。在100 mg/L浓度下,苯氧威、灭多威和吡丙醚的杀卵活性最强,显著高于其余药剂,且能够完全抑制卵的孵化。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)、氟虫脲、硫双威、氟铃脲、除虫脲和溴氰虫酰胺的杀卵效果无显著差异(P0.05),杀卵活性在71.67%～90.00%之间。在10 mg/L浓度下,苯氧威和吡丙醚杀卵活性最高,可完全抑制卵的孵化。甲维盐、除虫脲和溴氰虫酰胺也表现出较好的杀卵效果,杀卵活性介于55%～66.67%之间,以上药剂均可作为草地贪夜蛾的杀卵剂轮换使用。值得注意的是,茚虫威是一种对鳞翅目害虫具有优异杀虫活性的新型杀虫剂,且对环境友好。其在100 mg/L和10 mg/L处理浓度下对草地贪夜蛾杀卵活性为52.38%±6.25%和36.67%±6.67%。甲氧虫酰肼在两个处理浓度下的杀卵活性均低于30%,不推荐作为草地贪夜蛾的杀卵剂。上述结果可为草地贪夜蛾的有效防治提供参考。 相似文献
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国际专家建议将除草剂甲草胺．杀虫／杀螨／杀线虫剂涕灭威列入PIC名单。今年三月．在鹿特丹公约化学评审委员会（CRC）第四次会议上．专家们一致认为，这两个化合物符合在两个地区已被禁止或严格限制使用的列入PIC名单的标准。CRC将草拟本次决定的指导文献，并于11月份完成． 相似文献
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自烟草中分离获得对南方根结线虫Meloidogyneincognita具有较高杀线活性的拮抗细菌菌株YC-10。研究发现该菌株有伴胞晶体产生,菌体、芽胞形态及生理生化特性与苏云金芽胞杆菌库斯塔克亚种B．thuringiensissubsp．kurstaki相似,16srDNA序列分析表明其与苏云金芽胞杆菌相似性最高,初步确定该菌株为苏云金芽胞杆菌。菌株发酵液及伴胞晶体蛋白对南方根结线虫J2有很强的杀线活性,发酵液处理南方根结线虫,24h线虫死亡率为100％;伴胞晶体蛋白处理南方根结线虫,24h的LC50为5．86μg．mL^-1。研究结果显示该菌株在线虫生物防治上有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
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涕灭威防治烟蚜效果好５％涕灭威颗粒剂是山东宁阳农药厂近年研制开发的一种高效持久土壤处理内吸性杀虫杀线剂，可广泛用于棉花、花生、甜菜、烟草、大豆、柑桔、土豆、果树、花卉等作物，有效防治各种蚜虫、螨虫和叶蝉等刺吸式口器害虫，对作物各生长期的根结线虫、茎线... 相似文献
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The movement and breakdown of the insecticide and nematicide oxamyl was monitored in fallow sandy loam soils under field conditions. Using measurements of rainfall and evaporation from a water surface, the water flow in soil was simulated by a computer model, and the results were compared with the measured soil-moisture profiles. The model was extended to simulate the behaviour of oxamyl, using laboratory data for adsorption and rates of degradation in soil. The model generally underestimated oxamyl movement in the first month, whereas it tended to overestimate later movement. The rate of breakdown of oxamyl, as affected by soil type, temperature and soil-moisture content, was fairly well described. After about 2 months only small amounts of oxamyl remained. Accumulation of oxamyl near the soil surface in dry periods was overestimated, indicating deficiencies in the modelling procedure under these conditions. 相似文献
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Uptake and excretion of the two carbamates, oxamyl and carbofuran, which differ greatly in their toxicity to earthworms, were studied in one worm species; the metabolism of oxamyl was studied in six worm species. Carbofuran was taken up by the worms at a much higher rate (13 times greater) than oxamyl when the worms were dipped in aqueous solutions of the pesticides. The relative rates of elimination were the same (half-life 2.5 h). Metabolism of oxamyl was low in all the earthworms studied. The low rate of uptake may therefore be the main factor for the safety of oxamyl in respect of these important non-target organisms. 相似文献
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Zev Gerstl 《Pest management science》1984,15(1):9-17
A study was conducted of the behaviour of oxamyl in Israeli soils of varying clay and organic matter contents. The adsorption isotherms for oxamyl were linear, and the adsorption coefficient (Kd) could be correlated to the clay content of the soils, as well as to the organic matter content of the soil. Oxamyl adsorption was underestimated by using published correlations between the adsorption and the chemical properties of pesticides, such as their solubility or octan-1-ol-water partition coefficient. The decomposition of oxamyl in soils followed first-order kinetics. The half-life ranged from 4 to 33 days in a Bet Dagan soil. The reaction rate increased with increasing moisture content of the soil until field capacity was reached, at which point it levelled off. The Arrhenius relationship was followed, with degradation proceeding more rapidly at higher temperatures. In several soils of varying composition, which were kept at field capacity, no difference in the degradation rates was observed. Oxamyl was applied to a Bet Dagan soil from a point source in a single pulse, as a split application, and on a continuous basis. The distribution patterns of oxamyl under the various treatments differed significantly. After the single-pulse application, oxamyl was leached out of the emitter zone. While the split application decreased the oxamyl-free zone, the best results were obtained by continuous application, which gave a nearly uniform distribution of oxamyl in the soil. 相似文献
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Johan H. Smelt Abraham Dekker Minze Leistra Norbert W. H. Houx 《Pest management science》1983,14(2):173-181
2-Methyl-2-(methylsulphinyl)propionaldehyde O-methylcarbamoyloxime (aldicarb sulphoxide), aldoxycarb, oxamyl and methomyl were incubated at 10°C in soil samples taken from layers above and below shallow ground-water tables at four locations in the Netherlands. Soil samples from above the water table were incubated under moist and aerobic conditions. The anaerobic conditions below the water table were simulated by incubating the soil samples under 0.5-1 cm of ground water, and a nitrogen atmosphere. During incubation, the pH and redox potentials were measured. Less than 5% of the oxamyl and methomyl remained after one day in four water-saturated, anaerobic subsoils. The half-lives of aldicarb sulphoxide and aldoxycarb ranged from 5.1 to 131 days in the four anaerobic subsoils. Conversion rates in the aerobic soil layers above the water table were from 8 to more than 100 times lower than in the water-saturated layers in the same soil profile. Half-lives in the aerobic soils ranged from 26 days for oxamyl in loamy fine sand (pH 8.0), to 1100 days for aldoxycarb in fine sand (pH 5.0). When soil from below the water table was incubated aerobically, the conversion rates of oxamyl and aldoxycarb were drastically reduced. The opposite was found when an originally aerobic soil was incubated anaerobically. Autoclaving the incubation systems retarded the conversions. 相似文献
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Rachel K Osborn Simon G Edwards Andrew Wilcox Patrick PJ Haydock 《Pest management science》2010,66(3):253-261
BACKGROUND: The potential for enhanced degradation of the carbamoyloxime nematicides aldicarb and oxamyl and the organophosphate fosthiazate was investigated in 35 UK agricultural soils. Under laboratory conditions, soil samples received three successive applications of nematicide at 25 day intervals. RESULTS: The second and third applications of aldicarb were degraded at a faster rate than the first application in six of the 15 aldicarb‐treated soils, and a further three soils demonstrated rapid degradation of all three applications. High organic matter content and low pH had an inhibitory effect on the rate of aldicarb degradation. Rapid degradation was observed in nine out of the ten soils treated with oxamyl. In contrast, none of the fosthiazate‐treated soils demonstrated enhanced degradation. CONCLUSION: The potential for enhanced degradation of aldicarb and oxamyl was demonstrated in nine out of 15 and nine out of ten soils respectively that had previously been treated with these active substances. Degradation of fosthiazate occurred at a much slower rate, with no evidence of enhanced degradation. Fosthiazate may provide a useful alternative in cases where the efficacy of aldicarb and oxamyl has been reduced as a result of enhanced degradation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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The in vitro effects of four systemic nematocides, i.e., aldicarb, carbofuran, oxamyl, and phorate, on the α-amylase and protease activities in Cicer arietinum has been revealed. All four nematocides markedly inhibited the activities of both the enzymes, with a general tendency of increased inhibition with corresponding increase in the concentrations of the nematocides. There was complete inhibition of α-amylase activity by the highest concentration (500 μM) of aldicarb and carbofuran, while oxamyl at the same concentration showed the same effects on protease activity. The lowest concentration (10 μM) was almost ineffective. 相似文献
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The systemic movement of several xenobiotics was compared in soybean and barley. The more symplastic compounds were also compared to the movement of sucrose. The uptake and efflux from potato tuber tissue was studied and related to the in vivo translocation patterns. The patterns of translocation ranged from primarily apoplastic to ambimobile to symplastic. When the percentage of xenobiotic available for translocation was evaluated there were major differences in patterns of translocation, between plant genera. In barley fenapanil, fenarimol, and oxamyl exhibited primarily apoplastic transport while all three were more ambimobile in soybean. Basipetal transport of oxamyl was 4.2% in barley compared to 30.8% in soybean. Basipetal translocation of benomyl remained very low at 3.0 and 4.1% in barley and soybean, respectively, while sucrose was about 60% in both species. Glyphosate and sucrose were translocated in a similar pattern. The transport of 2,4-D was primarily symplastic, however, retention in the tissue appeared to limit the rate of movement when compared to sucrose. Uptake and efflux of fenapanil, fenarimol, and 2,4-D illustrated the possible role that cellular binding or partitioning may play in systemic translocation. In conjunction with the uptake and efflux, and systemic movement in plants, the octanol/water partition coefficients, log P, for fenarimol and fenapanil, 0.67 and ?0.03, respectively, are correlated with the possible role of cellular binding or partitioning in the systemic movement of xenobiotics. 相似文献
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Evaluating Pochonia chlamydosporia in a double-cropping system of lettuce and tomato in plastic houses infested with Meloidogyne javanica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of Pochonia chlamydosporia , a facultative fungal parasite of nematode eggs, alone or in combination with oxamyl was evaluated in a double-cropping system of lettuce and tomato in unheated plastic houses infested with Meloidogyne javanica at two sites for two consecutive growing seasons. An additional treatment of methyl bromide fumigation was included to compare crop yield in nematode-free vs. nematode-infested soil. Final population densities, reproductive rate, root gall rating, and egg production were determined after each crop. Pochonia chlamydosporia was isolated from nematode eggs up to nine months after application to soil. The fungus survived in the rhizosphere for the entire growing season at one site, but only at low densities. Final population densities of M. javanica decreased after cultivation of lettuce and increased after tomato, and this pattern of population fluctuation was unaffected by treatment, experiment or site. The reproductive rate on lettuce was equal to or below 1, and it was similar among treatments in both experiments at both sites. Eggs were not found on lettuce roots. On tomato, the reproductive rate in the fungus + oxamyl treatment was significantly lower ( P < 0·05) than other treatments in experiment 1 at both sites. Fungus + oxamyl consistently reduced root gall ratings on tomato in all cases, but numbers of eggs per g root varied depending on treatment. Methyl bromide-treated plots remained free of M. javanica at the end of the 2-year study. 相似文献
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The role of ferrous ions in the rapid degradation of oxamyl,methomyl and aldicarb in anaerobic soils
Richard H. Bromilow Geoffrey G. Briggs Mark R. Williams Johan H. Smelt Louis G. M. Th. Tuinstra Wim A. Traag 《Pest management science》1986,17(5):535-547
The carbamoyloxime pesticides methomyl, oxamyl and aldicarb, together with the oxidation products of aldicarb, are known to break down much more rapidly in certain anaerobic subsoils than in the aerobic topsoils from the same site. Ferrous ions have now been shown to be involved in this reaction. Oxamyl was degraded in aqueous solutions at 30°C containing 250 μg ml?1 Fe2+ with a half-life of about 10 h, independent of pH in the range of 5.65–7.66; the observed products of this reaction were N,N-dimethyl-l-cyanoformamide and methanethiol. These same products, rather than the oximino hydrolysis product observed from degradation in aerobic soils, were rapidly and quantitatively formed from oxamyl in suspensions of anaerobic reduced subsoils (Fe2+ concentration 27–41 μg ml?1 soil water), but oxamyl was rather stable in water-saturated Vredepeel subsoil (Fe2+ concentration 0.65 μg ml?1) in which the redox potential was much higher. Methomyl behaved similarly. The rates of reaction in the suspensions of anaerobic subsoils were greater than expected from the concentrations of Fe2+ in the soil water, but most of the Fe2+ present in soil was bound to the soil particles by cation exchange and this bound Fe2+ may have participated. Breakdown of aldicarb was accelerated both in solutions of Fe2+ and in the suspensions of anaerobic reduced subsoils, though the rate enhancement was less than observed with methomyl and oxamyl; 2-methyl-2-methylthiopropionitrile and 2-methyl-2-methylthiopropionaldehyde were the observed products from aldicarb in anaerobic soil but only the former was produced in Fe2+ solutions; the corresponding nitriles and aldehydes were also yielded by aldicarb sulphoxide and aldicarb sulphone in the anaerobic, reduced subsoils. 相似文献
20.
The foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides spp, have emerged as important pests of ornamentals in North America during the last decade. Due to the ban on the use of potentially toxic pesticides, there are currently no nematicides registered to manage foliar nematodes on ornamentals. Therefore, we have evaluated a biological [Burkholderia cepacia (syn Pseudomonas cepacia)], two plant products [clove (Syzygium aromaticum) extract and Nimbecidine (azadirachtin)] and twelve chemical pesticides registered for the management of insects, mites, slugs or diseases of ornamentals, against Aphelenchoides fragariae on the most popular ornamental, hosta (Hosta spp), for two consecutive years. We found ZeroTol (270 g liter-1 peroxyacetic acid), currently labeled as a broad-spectrum fungicide/algicide, to be a very potent nematicide that killed 100% of the nematodes in water suspension. It also caused over 70% reduction in A fragariae population in soil and in the leaves without any phytotoxicity. B cepacia caused 67-85% reduction in A fragariae population in leaves and 50% reduction in the soil whereas insecticidal soap caused over 72% reduction in leaves and 61% reduction in the soil. Clove extract and Nimbecidine did not show any potential for the control of A fragariae on hosta. Although all twelve chemical pesticides were effective in reducing the population of A fragariae in the soil 45 days after treatment (DAT), only diazinon 475 g liter-1 EC, trichlorfon 800 g kg-1 SP, ethoprophos 100 g kg-1 GR, oxamyl 100 g kg-1 GR and ZeroTol caused over 70% reduction in nematode population compared with the control. In the leaves, only diazinon EC, trichlorfon SP, insecticidal soap, oxamyl GR and ZeroTol consistently caused over 70% nematode population reduction compared with the control at 45 DAT in both years. Thus, only diazinon EC, trichlorfon SP, oxamyl GR and ZeroTol consistently caused over 70% reduction in nematode population both in soil and leaves. Due to the recent ban by the US Environmental Protection Agency on the use of the first three of these formulations, only ZeroTol would serve as an effective tool to manage foliar nematodes in ornamentals. Although not as effective as ZeroTol in the soil, insecticidal soap is the only other alternative for foliar nematode management. 相似文献