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V Uhrín 《Veterinární medicína》1985,30(3):179-192
The occurrence of pathologically changed muscular fibers in some wild species of birds and in economically important domesticated species of birds is described. The hydrops of muscular fibers, necrosis and atrophy with connective tissue infiltration in muscular bundles were detected in breast and thigh muscles in wild birds, e. g. in raven, pigeon and pheasant. The same pathological processes were also found in domesticated species, e. g. in guinea fowl, less often in geese and duck. Their incidence in turkeys and laying types of fowl was more frequent, they were observed most often in muscles of broiler hens. Fission of muscular fibers, very thin, but also hypertrophic fibers and resorption of necrotic fibers were detected in hens besides the above changes. The described histological picture is confronted with the picture of hereditary myodystrophy in chickens. 相似文献
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A pathological study was conducted on 32 turkeys that died of sudden death with perirenal hemorrhage syndrome. Turkeys were selected from routine necropsy cases in a diagnostic laboratory. A higher incidence was observed in heavy tom turkeys. In addition to the characteristic gross lesions of perirenal hemorrhage, splenomegaly, and pulmonary congestion, turkeys in most cases had a hypertrophic cardiopathy. Microscopic lesions included moderate-to-marked acute passive congestion of all tissues examined (32/32), severe perirenal hemorrhage (32/32), and splenic lymphoid depletion (25/32). Changes in the thyroid follicular epithelium of most birds suggested an increased glandular activity. No lesions suggestive of arterial hypertension were observed. Adenoviral infection was detected in only four of 32 birds. Bacteriological cultures revealed no significant pathogen. Results suggest that sudden death in turkeys with perirenal hemorrhage is caused by an acute congestive heart failure consecutive to a hypertrophic cardiopathy. The perirenal hemorrhage would be a consequence of a severe passive congestion in kidneys. 相似文献
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To assess muscle breakdown during avian coccidiosis, the level of the non-metabolizable amino acid 3-methylhistidine (3MH) was determined in muscle and plasma from turkey poults that received an infection with a field isolate containing a mixture of Eimeria species. The effect of increased levels of parasitism was evaluated at 6 days postinoculation (DPI) in birds receiving 2.5 x 10(4), 1 x 10(5), or 2 x 10(5) oocysts each. The changes in 3MH levels during recovery from acute infection were assessed at 6-29 DPI in animals given 1.9 x 10(5) oocysts per bird. In some experiments, uninoculated birds given the same amount of feed as infected birds (pair fed) were used to determine the impact of feed deprivation on weight loss and 3MH levels. Infected birds had significantly elevated plasma and muscle 3MH at 6 DPI after a single dose of Eimeria oocysts. The plasma and muscle 3MH returned to control levels after 14 DPI. The 3MH levels increased with increased dose of oocysts. Plasma and muscle 3MH levels were well correlated, and an inverse curvilinear relationship between weight gain and plasma 3MH concentrations levels was observed. Plasma and muscle 3MH levels were significantly elevated in pair-fed birds, but 3MH levels in infected birds were increased by 30% over pair-fed birds. The results suggested that muscle breakdown, as assessed by plasma and muscle levels of 3MH, increased during the acute stage of Eimeria infection in turkey poults. 相似文献
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Byung-Min Song Hyun-Mi Kang Eun-Kyoung Lee Jipseol Jeong Yeojin Kang Hee-Soo Lee Youn-Jeong Lee 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(2):237-240
In 2014, two genetically distinct H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses were isolated from poultry and wild birds in Korea. The intravenous pathogenicity indices for the two representative viruses were both 3.0. Mortality of chickens intranasally inoculated with the two H5N8 viruses was 100% with a mean death times of 2.5 and 4.5 days. Mortality rates of the contact groups for the two H5N8 viruses were 33.3% and 66.6%. Our study showed that transmissibility of the novel H5N8 viruses was different from that of previously identified H5N1 HPAI viruses, possibly due to genetic changes. 相似文献
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About 150 rare, adult, yellow-eyed penguins died over a short period during the summer of 1989-1990 on the Otago Peninsula. These were from a total mainland population estimated at 240 breeding pairs. Penguin chicks and non-breeding birds were not affected, but there were indications of shortages in feed supply for birds that bred successfully. Thirteen dead penguins were examined. In ten birds, the cause of death was not established. Although it was commonly found that adult birds had little or no food in their gut, none were considered to have starved to death. No consistent pathological lesions were found, nor were any viruses, Chlamydia or significant bacteria recovered from selected tissues. Toxicology tests ruled out poisoning by copper, zinc, iron, lead, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, mercury, organophosphates, organochlorines, polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene or the toxins of Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum and dinoflagellates. The problem did not recur during the following summer. 相似文献
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Molecular sexing of Japanese cormorants used for traditional fishing on the Nagara River in Gifu City 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Miho INOUE-MURAYAMA Yuko UEDA Tetsuji YAMASHITA Chizuko NISHIDA-UMEHARA Yoichi MATSUDA Toshiaki MASEGI Shin'ichi ITO 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(5):417-420
The Japanese cormorants used in traditional fishing in Japan are wild derived and their sex cannot be determined from their appearance. Applicability of molecular sex determination based on the size difference between CHD1Z and CHD1W introns was confirmed in male and female Japanese cormorants whose sexes had been ascertained by pathological autopsy. All of 21 birds of unknown sex reared by a cormorant fishing master were identified as males. The molecular sexing method will provide valuable information on sex differences of wild Japanese cormorants, including tameness, trainability, behavior and fishing capability, as well as for future trials involving artificial reproduction. 相似文献
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An epornitic of avian pox in a research aviary 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An outbreak of avian pox in a bird research colony was reported. Although 10 species of passerine birds were housed within the facility, clinical signs and mortality were restricted to canaries and house sparrows. Post-mortem lesions initially occurred in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and were characterized by proliferative rhinitis, proliferative bronchopneumonia, and proliferative airsacculitis, and diphtheritic lesions occurring in the esophagus were characterized by proliferative granulomatous esophagitis. Cutaneous lesions occurred subsequently in some birds, and a diagnosis was made by histopathology, electron microscopy, and virus isolation. The occurrence of diphtheritic lesions in pox infections of wild birds has been rare, and a sparrow showed an unusual combination of both diphtheritic and acute systemic lesions previously undescribed. 相似文献
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During an epornitic of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease (VVND) in southern California, free-flying wild birds, captive and free-ranging semidomestic birds, and exotic birds were collected from the quarantine area to determine their role in the epizootiology of the disease. The VVND virus was isolated from 0.04% of 9,446 free-flying wild birds, 0.76% of 4,367 semidomestic birds, and 1.01% of 3,780 exotic birds examined. Three house sparrows and 1 crow directly associated with infected poultry flocks were the only free-flying wild birds from which VVND virus was isolated. Among semidomestic species, ducks, quail, chukars, pheasants, peafowl, pigeons, and doves were found to be infected. Psttacines, pittas, and toucans accounted for 92% of the VVND virus isolations from exotic birds. In addition, domestic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was isolated from 0.29% of the free-flying wild birds, from 1.65% of the semidomestic birds, and from 0.19% of the exotic birds collected. Hemagglutination-inhibition against domestic NDV was demonstrated in 0.24% of 3,796 wild bird serums, 8.28% of 2,004 semidomestic bird serums, and 3.90% of 231 exotic bird serums tested. Although few free-flying wild birds were infected with VVND virus in this epornitic, the isolation of domestic NDV strains from free-flying wild ducks and mourning doves suggests the potential for transportation of NDV over long distances by migratory birds. 相似文献
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This study investigated six cases of septicemia in young crested ibises (Nipponia nippon). These birds all died with similar clinical signs, including sudden death, anorexia, diarrhea, and lameness. Immediately after death, the birds were necropsied; a blood sample was taken from heart and tissues were sampled from liver, lung, spleen, peritoneal mucus, and feces for bacteriologic examination. Anatomic observation showed that the main findings common to the sick birds were arthrocele, associated with congestion in the femur, tibiotarsus, and ventral side; swelling in the liver; hemorrhagic pericarditis; miliary tubercles in lung; and fibrous tubercles in the synovial capsule of the knee joint with suppurative abscesses. Through bacterial examination, the colonial type of Escherichia coli strain was represented prominently in cultures of the feces, heart blood, liver, lung, spleen, suppurative mucus of the synovial capsule, and peritoneal exudate. These symptoms suggested that the death of a number of endangered crested ibis within a short period was evidence of septicemia. The bacterial inoculation tests were also conducted using domestic pigeon, native chicken, and mice for the presence of and infection with E coli. The study provided indications of the possible role of E. coli strains as bird pathogens and a potential risk in endangered species. Further work is needed to characterize E. coli strains and the toxin production in this bird. This disease occurrence also adds a note of caution to the continued efforts and interest in the reintroduction of the ibis back into its former wild ranges to ensure that formerly captive individuals do not transmit disease to the wild populations of its own or other sympatric species. 相似文献
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Roy P. Venugopalan A.T. Selvarangam R. Ramaswamy V. 《Tropical animal health and production》1998,30(5):299-303
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was isolated from the faeces of seven different species of clinically healthy captive wild birds. All seven NDV isolates were characterized as velogenic, based on the mean death time in embryonated hens' eggs and the intracerebral pathogenicity index in day-old chicks. Three of the isolates were placed in group C1 based on the reactions with monoclonal antibodies. The role of captive wild birds in the epidemiology of Newcastle disease is briefly discussed. 相似文献
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The effects of a diet containing a high proportion of rapeseed meal on the activity of certain plasma enzymes were studied in laying birds. The enzymes studied were alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate transaminase (AST), L-gamma-glutamyl-transferase (gamma-GT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), leucine arylamidase (LAP), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH). No notable differences were observed between the plasma AP, LAP or SDH activities of the birds given the rapeseed meal and the birds receiving a soyabean meal control diet throughout the experiment. However, the plasma AST and gamma-GT activities of the treated birds showed slight elevations while their plasma ICDH and MDH activities showed more marked elevations, which are indicative of liver damage, in response to the diet. Macroscopic observations of the livers of the birds at the end of the experiment were in fairly good accord with the elevation in plasma ICDH and MDH activities noted for the individual birds. 相似文献
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The effect of route of infection and strain of virus on the pathology of Australian infectious bronchitis 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis in 4-week-old chickens was studied following administration of Australian T strain of IBV by the aerosol, conjunctival, intranasal, in-contact and drinking water routes.
Infected birds showed similar patterns of clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions. While the birds infected by the aerosol route had earlier and slightly more severe respiratory tract disease it was concluded that the pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus nephritis was not significantly influenced by the route used to infect the birds.
In a second experiment, pathological changes produced in chickens infected with Australian S, A, A3 and T strains of IBV were compared in 18-day-old chickens infected by the aerosol route and housed in cold and warm environments. All 4 strains produced respiratory reactions and kidney lesions, and these changes were more severe and of longer duration in both respiratory tract and kidneys in the birds housed in a cold environment than those receiving supplementary heat.
The viruses differed in their virulence for the trachea and kidney and the effect of a virus on the respiratory trace was independent of the effect of that virus on the kidney. 相似文献
Infected birds showed similar patterns of clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions. While the birds infected by the aerosol route had earlier and slightly more severe respiratory tract disease it was concluded that the pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus nephritis was not significantly influenced by the route used to infect the birds.
In a second experiment, pathological changes produced in chickens infected with Australian S, A, A
The viruses differed in their virulence for the trachea and kidney and the effect of a virus on the respiratory trace was independent of the effect of that virus on the kidney. 相似文献
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The present study examines the responses of broiler chickens to oral administration of Clostridium perfringens freshly isolated from field cases of necrotic enteritis (NE). The challenge studies included long-term exposure and short-term exposure, factored in with dietary and management variables including high levels of dietary components such as fish meal, meat meal, abrupt change of feed, and fasting. In the long-term exposure trials, the birds were orally inoculated daily, with 1 ml (1.0 or 2 x 10(8) CFU/ml) of an overnight culture of C. perfringens for 7 days. Short-term exposure trials involved challenge with 1 ml (3 x 10(10) CFU/ml) administered as a single dose. The responses of broilers to orally administered C. perfingens under laboratory controlled conditions are presented and discussed in the context of authentic field cases of necrotic enteritis. None of the challenge trials produced overt clinical signs of NE and there were no mortalities associated with oral exposure to high doses of C. perfringens. However, many of the challenged birds showed distinctly pronounced pathological changes in the intestinal tissue. On gross examination the responses in birds challenged orally with C. perfringens could be placed into two categories: (1) no apparent pathological changes in the intestinal tissue and (2) sub-clinical inflammatory responses with focal, multi-focal, locally extensive, or disseminated distribution throughout various sections of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ceca. In birds that responded with intestinal lesions, hyperemia and occasional hemorrhages were the main gross changes. In some birds, the mucosa was covered with a brownish material, but typically, the mucosa was lined by yellow or greenish, loosely adherent material. Mild gross changes were seen in some control birds, but both qualitatively and quantitatively, the lesions were distinctly more pronounced in the challenged birds. Upon histological examination, none of the experimentally exposed birds showed overt mucosal necrosis typical of field cases of NE, but typically the lamina propria was hyperemic and infiltrated with numerous inflammatory cells. Most significant changes were seen at the interface of the basal domain of enterocytes and lamina propria. Multifocally, these areas were extensively edematous, allowing for the substantial disturbance of the structural integrity between the lamina propria and the enterocytes. The lesions observed in the present study were consistently reproduced in all of our challenge trials, hence these responses may signify newly emerging patterns of sub-clinical enteric disorders in contemporary strains of poultry. The pathological changes observed in broilers challenged orally with C. perfringens in the present study, differ significantly from those reported previously, and must be clearly differentiated from those described in cases of NE or ulcerative enteritis. Although no overt necrosis of the intestinal mucosa typical of field cases of NE were observed in the present study, the birds challenged with C. perfringens showed strong inflammatory reaction to the introduced pathogens. The distinct features of the microscopic lesions were changes involving apparently normal enterocytes at the interface of the basal domain of villar epithelia and lamina propria. Although the pathological changes in the intestinal tissues observed in our trials appear to be rather subtle when compared to field cases of NE, the nature of these lesions suggest a significant negative effect on the digestive physiology of intestinal mucosa. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To study the occurrence of Chlamydia psittaci in domesticated and wild birds and compare the sensitivity of molecular detection with cell culture isolation. DESIGN: Study of cell culture isolation and PCR detection of C psittaci in avian samples. PROCEDURE: Samples were obtained from 485 birds. Domesticated birds were selected at random from pet shops, private aviaries and zoos, while wild birds were captured locally, sampled, and immediately released. Swabs were collected from choanal slit, conjunctiva and cloaca of each bird and pooled. Samples were divided into equal portions for use in PCR dot-blot and cell culture detection. PCR and dot-blot detection was based on the ompB gene. RESULTS: Prevalence of infection varied markedly between flocks of captive birds. It was highest where there were frequent changes in the flock members or where there were many birds confined in small areas. C psittaci was not detected in wild birds or water birds. The sensitivity of cell culture compared to PCR dot-blot detection was 68%. All samples positive by cell culture were also positive by PCR. CONCLUSIONS: PCR-dot blot detection of C psittaci in birds appears to be more sensitive than cell culture isolation in this study. C psittaci infection of birds may occur in clinically normal captive birds. 相似文献
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对青海湖区野生鸟类禽流感疫情防控的几点思考 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
2005年5～7月，青海湖区发生了野生鸟类禽流感疫情。通过对疫情发生后采取的防控措施、野生鸟类死亡情况和经济发展受到的影响等方面的分析，我们对今后如何加强野生鸟类的疫病监测防控工作进行思考，并提出初步见解和对策。 相似文献
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G Glünder O Siegmann W Kohler 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1991,38(4):241-262
Little attention was dedicated to diseases and causes of death of indigenous wild birds compared to poultry until recent decades. The interest of veterinary medicine in the spectrum of causes of morbidity and mortality of wild birds increased with the understanding of the importance of these birds as vectors in the epidemiology of zoonoses and as a biological indicator for the occurrence of substances noxious for the environment. The climate as a natural factor and the influences of civilization as traffic, high voltage lines and oil contamination of the sea lead to a reduction of bird species by starvation, traumata, intoxication and degenerative or proliferative and inflammatory or non inflammatory processes. Many parasitological, bacteriological, mycotic and viral diseases are wide spread among free living birds and make difficulties in keeping and breeding endangered birds. 相似文献
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T Murase T Ikeda I Goto O Yamato K Jin Y Maede 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,200(11):1726-1729
Twenty-seven wild geese (Anser albifrons) suffering from lead poisoning caused by ingestion of lead shot were treated with disodium calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate. The concentration of lead in blood ranged from 0.4 to 23.0 micrograms/ml, with a mean concentration of 5.6 micrograms/ml. In 22 of the birds, 1 to 48 lead pellets (mean, 10.5 pellets/bird) were seen on radiographs of their gizzards. Eleven of 27 birds recovered 3 to 8 weeks after the initiation of treatment. In the birds that recovered, the lead pellets were rapidly eroded as the birds recovered their appetites in response to treatment, and disappeared radiographically between treatment days 17 and 52. The birds that did not survive died within 4 weeks, despite decreased concentrations of lead in blood. Of these 16 birds, 15 had radiographic evidence of impaction of the proventriculus at the first examination and no evidence of resolution of the impaction at the time of death. In contrast, only 2 of the 11 geese that recovered had impaction of the proventriculus at the time of admission. Thus, the condition of the proventriculus seems to be the first consideration to evaluate in the prognosis of lead poisoning in geese. 相似文献