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美国红鱼营养研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
美国红鱼生长速度快,养殖产量高,肉质鲜美,抗病害能力强,饲养1年可达1kg以上的商品规格,在我国已成为重要海水养殖品种。介绍了动物和植物蛋白质、氨基酸、脂类(脂肪和脂肪酸)、维生素等对美国红鱼生长及成活率的影响及其营养需求状况,为美国红鱼的科学养殖提供参考。 相似文献
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美国红鱼（SciaenopsOceclatus）属鲈形目、石首鱼科、拟石首鱼属，又称红鼓鱼、河鲈、黑斑红鲈，其明显的特征为尾鳍基部有一黑斑且幼鱼身带淡红色，学名为眼斑拟石首鱼。红鱼为广温、广盐性，驯化后能在淡水中存活生长。近年来，闽、浙、台沿海网箱及池塘养殖户开发养殖新品种，陆续进行了红鱼养殖，其养殖成活率较高，生长速度快，生长旺季３个月即可增重２５０克左右，且鱼越大生长速度越快，其肉含丰富的不饱和脂肪酸，味道鲜美，不失为养殖的好品种。笔者于１９９７年９月至２００１年９月多次在福建的宁德市三都镇进行了美国红鱼的… 相似文献
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本针对网箱养殖网片涂料中有毒有害物质对养殖水质的影响进行了测试。同时研究美国红鱼对涂料释放出有毒有害物质的富集情况。结果表明：涂料中的有毒有害物质稳定，涂料对养殖水质和美国红鱼的鱼体残留不造成有害影响，是一种理想的网箱养殖网片涂料。 相似文献
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根据2004~2006年采集的浙江海域156尾美国红鱼的生物学测定资料,分析了该鱼种可量性状间关系,回归得出全长-体长、体重-纯重、体长-体重关系,并比较分析了其他研究者的结果。采用美国红鱼矢耳石磨片法鉴定年龄,并用FiSATⅡ软件拟合得出von-Bertalanffy生长方程,其中:BL∞=951·09mm,k=0·27,t0=0·57;TL∞=1144·61mm,k=0·26,t0=0·52;WB∞=14468·07g,结合生长拐点(tx=4·514)、生长特征指数(Φ′BL=5·388)及肥满度指标(Q=1·82)。比较分析不同生态环境下美国红鱼的生长情况,表明浙江海域美国红鱼生长特性最接近于美国自然海区,浙江海域适合其生长,一旦形成种群可能会对本地种造成威胁。 相似文献
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本文对近年来有关美国红鱼营养需求的研究进行概述，在此基础上，设计6种配合饲料，分别对美国红鱼进行饲养。结果表明：在美国红鱼配合饲料中，大豆粕和花生麸能代替大部分鱼粉，取得了满意的养殖效果。 相似文献
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翘嘴红鱼鲌，俗称白条、太湖白鱼，其个体大，生长快，肉质细嫩，味道鲜美，为鱼中之上品。由于自然资源日趋减少，市场需求量大，人工养殖具有广阔的前景。 相似文献
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Threonine is an indispensable amino acid required by all animals for normal growth and metabolic functions. An experiment was conducted in a brackish water (5 ± 1 ppt) recirculating system to quantify the minimum dietary threonine requirement of juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatus . The experimental diets contained 350/0 crude protein from red drum muscle and crystalline amino acids and 3.2 kcal available energy/g diet. Incremental levels of L-threonine were added to the diets and fed to juvenile red drum initially averaging 2.8 g/fish for 8 wk. Weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed the various diets were significantly ( P < 0.05) affected and increased linearly as dietary threonine increased until plateauing around 0.8% of dry diet. Protein efficiency ratio and protein conversion efficiency values for fish fed the different diets also were significantly affected by threonine level and indicated requirement values of 0.8–0.9% of dry diet. Free threonine in plasma also significantly responded to increasing dietary threonine but indicated a slightly higher requirement value of approximately 1.0% of dry diet. Based on these data, the minimum threonine requirement of juvenile red drum was determined to be approximately 0.8% of dry diet (2.28% of dietary protein). This requirement level is similar to values reported for some other fish species. Based on this information diets may be formulated more precisely for aquacultural production of red drum. 相似文献
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Gary S. Burr Peng Li Jonathan B. Goff Delbert M. Gatlin III Barbara Grisdale-Helland Ståle J. Helland 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2006,37(4):421-430
To investigate potential use of increasing nutritional density of diets for rapid growth of warm‐water fishes, a feeding trial was conducted in which growth performance, body indexes, and whole‐body composition of juvenile hybrid striped bass fed diets comprising protein (49, 54, and 59%), lipid (16, 20, 23, and 28%), and energy (22.0–25.1 kJ/g) concentrations beyond established minimum levels were compared to those of fish fed a more typical commercial reference diet (37.5% crude protein, 10.5% crude lipid, and 19.6 kJ/g energy on a dry matter basis). A subset of the experimental diets and the commercial reference diet also were fed to juvenile red drum. After 6 wk of feeding, hybrid striped bass fed the high‐protein and high‐lipid diets showed much greater growth performance compared to fish fed the commercial diet. Increasing dietary protein level, but not lipid level, tended (P ≤ 0.1) to enhance weight gain and feed efficiency of hybrid striped bass. Hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio, and whole‐body protein were significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by dietary protein level. The dietary lipid and associated energy level had significant negative linear effects on daily feed intake. Linear regression analysis showed that dietary energy : protein ratio, largely influenced by dietary protein level, moderately but significantly influenced weight gain, HSI, IPF ratio, and whole‐body protein of hybrid striped bass and red drum. Red drum grew very similar to hybrid striped bass in response to the experimental diets. However, significant differences in HSI, IPF ratio, whole‐body protein, lipid, moisture, and ash between hybrid striped bass and red drum were observed, indicating species differences in protein and energy partitioning. In particular, the excessive lipid in the diet increased HSI and whole‐body lipid of red drum but not of hybrid striped bass. 相似文献
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采用单因子实验设计方法,进行了饲料中添加维生素E对美国红鱼生长（存活率、特定生长率和饲料效率）和非特异性免疫相关指标（血清中溶菌酶活性、血清总补体活性和超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活性）影响的研究,设计了5个不同维生素E水平（0．1、25．3、51．0、102．8和203．2mg／kg）的等氮等能饲料,对美国红鱼进行为期56d的生长实验,每个水平3个重复,每个养殖单元放养初始体重为151g左右的美国红鱼20尾。饲养实验在海水网箱（1．5m×1．0m×1．0m）中进行。结果表明,随着饲料维生素E含量增加,美国红鱼饲料效率、特定生长率和成活率显著提高,美国红鱼最佳生长性能的饲料维生素E添加量为102．8mg／kg;美国红鱼血清溶菌酶和血清总补体活性随着维生素E的添加量的增加而显著升高,并且维生素E的添加量达到最高值102．8和25．3mg／kg,随后变化不明显;美国红鱼血清SOD活性随维生素E添加量的增加而显著升高,并且含量在102．8mg／kg达到最高值,随后显著下降。综上所述,美国红鱼维生素E的适宜添加量为102．8mg／kg。 相似文献
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Anne Henderson-Arzapalo Robert L. Colura Anthony F. Maciorowski 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1994,25(2):289-296
Hybridization has been used in aquaculture to produce fish that exhibit improved growth and survival over parent species. Previous studies produced an intergeneric hybrid by crossing female black drum Pogonias cromis with male red drum Sciaenops ocellatus . In the present study, the two parent species and their hybrid were simultaneously cultured in ponds for 9 mo. Two- to three-day-old larvae of each type were initially placed into three separate 0.1 ha ponds. After about 41 d, fingerlings of each type were transferred from the larval culture ponds to six 0.2 ha ponds. Two ponds each received 3,000 black drum, red drum or hybrid fingerlings. Fish were fed a commercial feed and harvested after about 230 d. At harvest, mean weight, mean total length, and production for the hybrids was 190 g, 245 mm, and 10.7 kg/ha/d, respectively; red drum averaged 142 g, 236 mm, and 7.0 kg/ha/d; and black drum averaged 144 g, 214 mm, and 10.6 kg/ha/d. Black drum survival was 94%, red drum survival was 63%, and hybrid survival was 72%. Hybrid growth was more rapid than either parent. A taste panel failed to identify differences in flavor between the three fishes. With similar flavor and faster growth, hybrid drum have potential for commercial mariculture. 相似文献
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A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the dietary copper requirement of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and compare the bioavailability of copper sulphate (CuSO4) and copper‐ethanolamine. A basal diet was formulated using semi‐purified ingredients and analysed to contain 3 mg Cu/kg. Both copper sources were supplemented to the basal diet at either 5, 10 or 20 mg Cu/kg of dry diet. No significant differences were observed in growth performance of fish fed the various diets. However, red drum fed all copper‐supplemented diets retained more copper in liver and whole‐body tissues compared to fish fed the basal diet. Within both inorganic and organic copper treatments, the highest tissue copper concentrations were observed in fish fed diets supplemented with 10 mg Cu/kg. No significant differences were detected in net copper retention regardless of the nature of the copper source; hence, the bioavailability of copper sulphate and copper‐ethanolamine complex was not different in the diets for juvenile red drum. Furthermore, the minimum copper requirement for growth performance of juvenile red drum appeared to be satisfied when fish were fed the basal diet containing 3 mg Cu/kg diet, and no detrimental effects were observed in red drum fed diets supplemented with 20 mg Cu/kg. 相似文献
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A series of growth trials was conducted to evaluate the use of soy protein as a replacement for fish protein in isonitrogenous practical diets for juvenile red drum Sciacnops ocellatus. Feeds were offered at or in excess of satiation to juvenile red drum maintained at 26–28 C and a salinity of 25–35 ppt. In the first growth trial, red drum were offered one of four diets containing graded levels of menhaden fish meal, replacing solvent-extracted soybean meal and soy-protein isolates. Differences in weight gain, survival and feed efficiency ratios of the fish corresponded to increases in fish meal content of the diets. Due to poor performance of the fish maintained on the low (15%) fish meal diet, a methionine supplement was introduced into this diet at the midpoint of the growth trial. A positive increase in growth indicated a dietary deficiency of methionine and/or total sulfur amino acids in the unsupplemented diet. A positive response to dietary fish meal also occurred in the second growth trial despite the supplementation of L-methionine in the test diets. In low fish meal diets the utilization of solvent extracted soybean meal or a soy-protein isolate resulted in similar growth responses. Hence, the presence of an antinutrient did not likely cause reduced growth rates. In the third feeding trial, weight gain also increased with increasing fish meal content of the diet despite the equalization of digestible protein and selected amino acids. There were no significant differences in whole-body compositions which indicated similar biological value of the diets (protein digestibility, amino acid balance and energy availability). The singular deletion of fish-solubles, glycine, lysine and methionine from the diet containing the lowest level of fish meal (10 g/100 g diet) did not result in significant changes in weight gain. This indicated that these components did not add to the nutritive value and/or palatability of this formulation. The final experiment was designed to evaluate the response of red drum to a control diet (high fish meal) as compared to a low fish meal diet with and without potential attractants/palatability enhancers. Weight gain and feed efficiency ratios of fish offered the low fish meal diet supplemented with seafood flavor or fish flavor #2 were not significantly different from the control (high fish meal diet). Based on the results of this study, with suitable formulation restrictions, soy protein is acceptable for inclusion in practical diet formulations for red drum. However, soy protein itself does not appear replete in sulfur-containing amino acids and does not have acceptable palatability properties. Consequently, feeds containing reduced levels of marine proteins could require suitable attractants and/or amino acid supplements. 相似文献
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Steven R. Craig Connie R. Arnold G. Joan Holt 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1994,25(3):424-431
Three experiments were carried out to test the effects of enrichment of live food (rotifers) with varying levels of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) on the growth rate and fatty acid composition of red drum larvae. Additionally, the fatty acid compositions of red drum eggs and day-1 larvae were compared. The enrichment techniques were successful in that the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were elevated in the rotifers fed the enrichment diet. Red drum larvae fed the control rotifers produced the highest growth rate of the three experiments. Larvae fed rotifers with no HUFA supplement (NHUFA) had a significantly lower growth rate than the controls for that experiment. The fatty acid compositions of the eggs and day-1 larvae did not vary significantly and contained high levels of 16:0, 16:1 n-7 and DHA (22:6 n-3). Based on these data, the lack of DHA in the diet significantly reduced the growth rates of larval red drum. The 10-day-old red drum larvae had similar fatty acid profiles at the end of the experiments regardless of the diet they were fed, indicating that dietary inputs have little effect on the fatty acid composition of larvae during the first ten days of growth. Red drum larvae appear to have the ability, though limited, to bioconvert EPA to DHA since there was a significant increase in the levels of DHA from day 1 to day 10 in the NHUFA larvae. However, the efficiency of this bioconversion is not sufficient for optimal growth and supplemental DHA at least to the level found in the control rotifers (0.3–0.4mg/100mg tissue) is necessary to maximize growth. The exact role of EPA could not be determined from this study due to the inability to produce an EPA-free rotifer. 相似文献
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The identification of factors contributing to strong year classes of marine fishes has been a constant goal toward a mechanistic understanding of recruitment variability. Here, we explored a 26-year time series of the abundance of early juvenile red drum along the North Carolina coast to identify environmental features associated with variable recruitment success. The study location was near the northern edge of the species latitudinal range, and we hypothesized that consistent environmental forcing would be linked to the formation of strong red drum year classes. Patterns of variability in seasonal environmental features were disaggregated into multiple forms of temporal periodicity and analyzed using generalized additive models. We also contrasted patterns of environmental variation that occurred during the strongest recruitment events with those coinciding with the weakest red drum year classes. The early shift, during August, to favorable wind conditions was the most consistent environmental feature associated with red drum recruitment success. The combined duration and magnitude of N and NE winds during August of strong recruitment years was nearly double the level observed during weak recruitment years. Elevated nearshore sea surface temperatures early in the spawning season were also found to occur during years that produced strong year classes. Coastal productivity, indexed using chlorophyll a concentration, was positively associated with red drum recruitment, but also highlighted the need for more spatially resolved productivity data. Our findings highlight the importance of environment-recruitment linkages for marine fishes, especially near distributional boundaries where conditions to promote year class success can be brief. 相似文献
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Feeding experiments and laboratory analyses were conducted to establish the essential fatty acid (EFA) requirement of red
drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Juvenile red drum were maintained in aquaria containing brackish water (5 ± 2‰ total dissolved solids) for two 6-week experiments.
Semipurified diets contained a total of 70% lipid consisting of different combinations of tristearin [predominantly 18:0]
and the following fatty acid ethyl esters: oleate, linoleate, linolenate, and a mixture of highly unsaturated fatty acids
(HUFA) containing approximately 60% eicosapentaenoate plus docosahexaenoate. EFA-deficient diets (containing only tristearin
or oleate) rapidly reduced fish growth and feed efficiency, and increased mortality. Fin erosion and a “shock syndrome” also
occurred in association with EFA deficiency. Of the diets containing fatty acid ethyl esters, those with 0.5–1% (n-3) HUFA
(0.3–0.6% eicosapentaenoate plus docosahexaenoate) promoted the best growth, survival, and feed efficiency; however, the control
diet containing 7% menhaden fish oil provided the best performance. Excess (n-3) HUFA suppressed fish weight gain; suppression
became evident at 1.5% (n-3) HUFA, and was pronounced at 2.5%. Fatty acid compositions of whole-body, muscle and liver tissues
from red drum fed the various diets generally reflected dietary fatty acids, but modifications of these patterns also were
evident. Levels of saturated fatty acids appeared to be regulated independent of diet. In fish fed EFA-deficient diets (containing
only tristearin or oleate), monoenes increased and (n-3) HUFA were preferentially conserved in polar lipid fractions. Eicosatrienoic
acid [20:3(n-9)] was not elevated in EFA-deficient red drum, apparently due to their limited ability to transform fatty acids.
Red drum exhibited some limited ability to elongate and desaturate linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)] and linolenic acid [18:3(n-3)];
however, metabolism of 18:3(n-3) did not generally result in increased tissue levels of (n-3) HUFA. Based on these responses,
the red drum required approximately 0.5% (n-3) HUFA in the diet (approximately 7% of dietary lipid) for proper growth and
health. 相似文献
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The effects of exposure to water of different salinities and calcium concentrations, and to various backgrounds and illuminations on somatolactin (SL) levels in juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) were investigated using a recently developed red drum SL radioimmunoassay. Plasma SL concentrations were also monitored in wild-caught Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) during gonadal recrudescence. No correlations were obtained between plasma SL concentrations and different salinities, external calcium concentrations or reproductive condition in these sciaenid fishes. Plasma SL concentrations remained low (<1 ng ml-1) in red drum 1h, 1 day and 1 week after exposure to full strength seawater (salinity 37%, calcium 1290 ppm), half strength seawater (salinity 18%, calcium 744 ppm), fresh water (salinity 1%, calcium 260 ppm) or soft water (salinity 0%, calcium 0 ppm). Circulating levels of SL did not change significantly in wild-caught croaker at the onset of vitellogenesis. However, by the end of ovarian recrudescence (late-yolk globule stage), plasma SL levels were significantly lower than those observed in females with immature (perinucleolar) oocytes. In contrast, plasma SL levels showed marked differences in red drum exposed to various backgrounds and illuminations. Plasma SL was lower in red drum kept in a light background (<1 ng ml-1) than in those kept in a black background or in the dark (1.4-6.9 ng ml-1). The highest plasma SL concentration (4–30 ng ml-1) was obtained in red drum kept in a black background without illumination. These results suggest that SL is involved in the adaptation of the red drum to various backgrounds and illumination levels. SL may not have an important role during the reproductive cycle and adaptation to water of different salinities and calcium concentrations in sciaenid fishes. 相似文献