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小菜蛾的抗药性及其治理 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
小菜蛾的抗药性及其治理赵建周（中国农科院蔬菜花卉所，１０００８１）小菜蛾是世界性十字花科蔬菜的主要害虫，因其抗药谱广、抗性水平高及发展速度快，成为蔬菜害虫防治中的难题之一。小菜蛾的危害和抗药性问题在我国的南方尤为严重，在北方地区也呈加重趋势。１抗药性... 相似文献
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几种Ｂ．ｔ．制剂对小菜蛾的毒力比较试验华南农业大学昆虫毒理研究室（５１０６４２）刘宏海小菜蛾（ＰＩ。ｔｅｌｌａｘｙｌｏｓｔｅｌｌａＬ．）属鳞翅目夜蛾科，是世界性重要蔬菜害虫，主要为害十字花科植物。近年来，华南地区小菜蛾的抗药性发展迅速，对其治理带来了... 相似文献
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蔬菜害虫抗药性是目前蔬菜化学保护工作中面临的一大难题,自从1946年有机合成农药出现以后,全球抗药性害虫种类增长迅速,1948年仅为14种,到1981年已达589种,与1948年相比增长了41倍。由于蔬菜种类繁多,周期短,茬口复杂,加上菜地用药水平普遍转高等原因,蔬菜害虫抗药性亦日趋复杂和严重。 相似文献
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本刊讯2011年4月15～16日,全国农技中心在湖北武汉举办了水稻害虫抗药性监测技术培训班。培训班邀请有关专家就水稻害虫抗药性监测技术。重点是室内抗药性测定技术和方法,采集、递送试虫方法,以及水稻害虫抗药性变化动态和治理措施作了专题培训,研究提出了2011年水稻害虫抗药性监测和治理工作思路与重点,并进行了相关工作安排。 相似文献
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抗性小菜蛾治理对策探讨华南农业大学昆虫毒理研究室（５１０６４２）刘宏海小菜蛾（Ｐｌｕｔｅｌｌａｘｙｌｏｓｔｅｌｌａ）属鳞翅目菜蛾科，是世界性重要蔬菜害虫，在我国各省均有发生，主要为害十字花科植物。近年来，小菜蛾的抗药性在世界各地，特别是在热带亚热带的... 相似文献
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Michael Chatzidimopoulos Dimitris Papaevaggelou Athanassios Christos Pappas 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,137(2):363-376
The development of resistance to chemical control agents needs continuous monitoring in Botrytis cinerea. 790 isolates from lettuce and other vegetable crops were collected from six widely separated sites in Greece and tested for their sensitivity to 11 fungicides from nine unrelated chemical groups. 44 of the isolates exhibited multiple resistance to fenhexamid (hydroxyanilides), azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin (QoI’s), boscalid (SDHI’s), cyprodinil and pyrimethanil (anilinopyrimidines), fludioxonil (phenylpyrroles), carbendazim (benzimidazoles) and iprodione (dicarboximides). Thirty per cent of such phenotypes were detected in an experimental glasshouse with lettuce crops, the third year after commencing fungicide applications. The average resistance factor (Rf) for mycelial growth to fenhexamid, pyraclostrobin, boscalid, cyprodinil and fludioxonil, was over 40, 1,000, 100, 700 and 50, respectively. Some strains with high resistance to anilinopyrimidines (14 %) or moderate to fludioxonil (7 %) were detected even in isolates collected from vegetable crops prior to commercial use of these fungicides in Greece. Isolates with fludioxonil moderate resistance and fenhexamid high resistance, were detected for the first time in Greece. The results suggested the high risk in chemical control of grey mould due to development of resistance to most fungicides with site-specific modes of action. Isolates with resistance to fluazinam (phenylpyridinamines) and to chlorothalonil (phthalonitriles) were not found. The inclusion of appropriate multi-site inhibitors like chlorothalonil in fungicide anti-resistance strategies was indispensable. 相似文献
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Fast BJ Ferrell JA MacDonald GE Sellers BA MacRae AW Krutz LJ Kline WN 《Pest management science》2011,67(7):825-830
BACKGROUND: Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flueggé) is a poor host of several soilborne pests of vegetable crops; therefore vegetable crops are commonly grown in a rotation with bahiagrass pastures in Florida. The herbicide aminopyralid provides foliar and soil residual weed control and increases forage production in bahiagrass pastures; however, the soil residual activity of aminopyralid makes carryover injury likely in subsequent sensitive vegetable crops. Field research was conducted to determine the sensitivity of five vegetable crops to soil residues of aminopyralid. RESULTS: At an aminopyralid soil concentration of 0.2 µg kg?1 (the limit of quantitation for aminopyralid in this research), crop injury ratings were 48% (bell pepper), 67% (eggplant), 71% (tomato), 3% (muskmelon) and 3% (watermelon), and fruit yield losses (relative to the untreated control) at that concentration were 61, 64, 95, 8 and 14% in those respective crops. CONCLUSIONS: The crops included in this research were negatively affected by aminopyralid at soil concentrations less than the limit of quantitation (0.2 µg kg?1). Therefore, it was concluded that a field bioassay must be used to determine whether carryover injury will occur when these crops are planted on a site where aminopyralid has been previously applied. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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采用农民参与式调查方法,2003-2004年抽样调查了云南省昆明、大理、玉溪、楚雄、曲靖和丽江6市360户小规模蔬菜种植农户,系统调查了农户的蔬菜种植习惯、病虫知识、病虫防治态度和行为。调查结果表明:农民种植蔬菜具有多样性特征,360户在2004年种植了多达23种蔬菜。农民普遍缺乏蔬菜病虫生态知识,虽然具有一定的识别害虫能力,但是大多数农民不能区别害螨和病害的危害,不能识别大多数重要天敌,主要根据农药零售商的建议进行病虫防治,导致普遍过度依赖化学农药进行病虫防治。 相似文献
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The recently registered insecticide, imidacloprid, was applied to three vegetable crops at 20 and 40 g AI ha−1. The persistence of the parent insecticide and its translocation, along with the quantification of the metabolites formed on these crops are presented. The parent insecticide dissipated with a half‐life of 3–5 days and persisted longest on mustard leaves. The detectable limit of the HPLC method was 0.01 µg g−1. The metabolites 1‐(6‐chloropyridin‐3‐yl‐methyl)imidazolidin‐2‐one and 6‐chloronicotinic acid were found to be translocated by day 10 in eggplant, cabbage leaves and mustard leaves but not in cabbage curd. The MRL of imidacloprid is not documented by the FAO/WHO on these crops and comparison of the MPI with the TMRC, calculated on the residue data generated in this study, establishes the safety of the schedule. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata是一种重要的世界性十字花科作物害虫,遍布欧洲、亚洲、北美洲和非洲等地区。近年来,在我国南方部分地区暴发成灾,并逐步向北扩张,给我国蔬菜生产造成严重影响。本文概述了黄曲条跳甲生物学特征、寄主植物偏好性特点和抗药性现状等研究内容。在此基础上,总结了包含农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、行为调控和抗药性治理在内的黄曲条跳甲综合治理研究进展。并根据目前研究现状和困难,提出了未来黄曲条跳甲研究重心和方向,为黄曲条跳甲可持续治理以及绿色防控技术的推广应用提供有力支撑。 相似文献
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Pyrethroid insecticides were applied on various vegetable crops as foliar treatments to determine dissipation rates. On Chinese broccoli (Guy Lon), Chinese mustard (Pak Choi) and Chinese cabbage (Kasumi, napa), fenvalerate was persistent with residues of 0.10, 0.14 and 0.11 mg kg-1, respectively, by day 21. Cypermethrin residues on head lettuce were below 0.1 mg kg-1 by day 10 but on the leafier romaine and endive varieties it was more persistent and required 14-19 days to dissipate below this concentration. After three applications, residues of cypermethrin in harvested carrots and of permethrin in eggplant were not detected on the day of application. On asparagus, deltamethrin and cypermethrin residues declined to less than 0.1 mg kg-1 by days 1 and 2, respectively; permethrin was more persistent, requiring more than 2 days to decline to less than 0.1 mg kg-1. Deltamethrin on dry (cooking) and Spanish onions was not detected on the day of application. On tomatoes, the concentration of permethrin was 0.093 mg kg-1 on the day of application and declined to about 0.05 mg kg-1 after 2-4 days. In general, permethrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin residues declined to acceptable concentrations within an acceptable pre-harvest interval. Fenvalerate may be too persistent on these speciality crops unless a maximum residue limit > 0.1 mg kg-1 is permitted. 相似文献
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Thirty-nine field populations of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) were collected from different crops (sweet pepper, tomato, lettuce, artichoke, melon, cucumber, carnation, broad bean, peach and plum) in Murcia (south-east Spain). All populations were reared separately in the laboratory to obtain enough individuals for bioassays. Female thrips were bioassayed, using a standard topical application method, against methiocarb, methamidophos, acrinathrin, endosulfan, deltamethrin and formetanate. Methiocarb was the only insecticide that showed a high efficacy against F occidentalis at field dose rates. Acrinathrin and methamidophos were moderately effective, while endosulfan and deltamethrin were ineffective. Only moderate levels of resistance (Resistance Ratios at LC50 of 10-30) were detected for the selective insecticides methiocarb, formetanate and acrinathrin used against F occidentalis in crops where these insecticides are used intensively. This generalized and low level of resistance to these insecticides, coupled with a lack of efficacy for the three broad-spectrum insecticides, was observed even in intensively managed vegetable crops. Implementation of IPM strategies in Murcia has contributed to more successful insecticide anti-resistance management. 相似文献
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John M. A. Sly 《Pest management science》1978,9(3):245-258
The usage of pesticides on vegetable crops grown mostly on arable holdings in Norfolk in 1972 is reviewed. During the spring of 1973, visits were made to about 300 holdings which grew vegetables for human consumption in 1972. Of these, 74 holdings were in Norfolk. An analysis has been made of the cropping on the holdings in Norfolk and it was shown that vegetables were usually grown as part of an arable rotation rather than as a mainly horticultural enterprise. The usage of pesticides to control pests, diseases and weeds has been examined for the more important vegetable crops together with the reasons for usage and methods of application. A comparison is made between the usage in 1972 and that of 1969. 相似文献
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Tospoviruses infecting vegetable crops in Israel 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Symptoms of vein clearing, stem necrosis, curling, necrotic spots and rings on the leaves associated with infection by tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) were documented among vegetable crops growing in commercial glasshouses and open fields in Israel. Plants exhibiting symptoms were collected, from 1994-01 to 1998-12. Among cultivated vegetable crops analysed for TSWV by ELISA, the following plants were found to be infected: tomato, capsicum, aubergine, lettuce, cabbage and cucumber. These incidences of the virus were all correlated with the occurrence in high population of Frankliniella occidentalis. Transmission of the virus from infected Datura stramonium to Petunia leaf discs, by F. occidentalis , was up to 26%. TSWV antigens were readily detected by ELISA in seeds harvested from naturally infected vegetable crops. However, we failed to show virus transmission to the progeny plants. Iris yellow spot tospovirus (IYSV) was detected in onion. High incidence of the disease was associated with large populations of Thrips tabaci. 相似文献