共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
黄斑星天牛的防治方法及措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄斑星天牛属鞘翅目、天牛科。是一种毁灭性危害的蛀干害虫，是新疆维吾尔自治区补充检疫对象。主要危害杨、柳、榆、槭等树种。由于该虫生活隐蔽，防治难度大，常造成大面积林木死亡。2003年和2005年相继在伊犁州的伊宁市和新源县发生黄斑星天牛危害杨、柳、榆、槭、李树5种树种。由于组织得力，决策果断，除治方案切实可行，黄斑星天牛得到了有效的控制。 相似文献
2.
3.
桃树采果后,"天牛"类蛀干害虫危害会加剧,特别是成年树更会遭危害.一般危害桃树的主要是"星天牛"、"桑天牛"等,其幼虫会蛀食树干、枝干和根部.因此,要及时采取综合防治措施,杀灭"天牛".其具体防治方法有: 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
桑天牛为杨树等林木重要蛀干害虫,在我国大部分地区广泛分布,且其防治是一个世界性的难题,通过对桑天牛在生物学特性、防治方法与技术等方面的研究进展进行综述,为桑天牛的综合治理提供参考。 相似文献
7.
8.
褐梗天牛Arhopalus rusticus（L.）是松柏类等林木的重要害虫,近年来在山东泰安、威海等地发生严重。本文利用引诱剂诱杀、饵木诱杀和释放管氏肿腿蜂Sclerodermus guani Xiao et Wu与花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides Fairmaire等无公害技术对褐梗天牛进行了室内外防治研究。Ⅱ号引诱剂诱捕效果最好,30 d平均诱捕量为69头。饵木诱杀每个样木平均诱捕量为63头。管氏肿腿蜂防治褐梗天牛幼虫的室内效果最高达71.00%,不同蜂虫比之间的防治效果差异不显著;林间释放管氏肿腿蜂对直径为10～15 cm被害木中的天牛幼虫的寄生率最高,为8.43%。利用花绒寄甲防治效果较好,室内当花绒寄甲成虫和天牛幼虫量为5:1时的寄生率最高,为80.02%;林间每株树释放20头花绒寄甲成虫的寄生率最高,达58.80%。结果表明,这几种防治技术都对褐梗天牛有良好的防治效果,可在防治中综合应用。 相似文献
9.
10.
松墨天牛[Monochamus alternatus(Hope)]是松材线虫病的主要传播媒介,又是马尾松、黑松、雪松、落叶松、云南松等松类植物的重要害虫。为了控制虫灾探讨有效防治技术,特进行噻虫啉、绿僵菌防治松墨天牛的试验。结果表明:应用噻虫啉和绿僵菌无纺布菌条林间防治松墨天牛均有良好的防治效果,从维护物种多样性和森林健康的角度来看,采用绿僵菌无纺布菌条防治松墨天牛具有更好的发展前景。 相似文献
11.
High tolerance of European plum varieties to plum leptonecrosis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Luigi Carraro Nazia Loi Paolo Ermacora Ruggero Osler 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(2):141-145
A 13 year comparative study was carried out on the behaviour of four European and two Japanese plum varieties grown in adjacent rows in an area of northern Italy where plum leptonecrosis is epidemic. Within seven years, 100% of the Japanese plum trees became symptomatically infected. Nine years after planting, five trees of each of the European cvs, which were asymptomatic, were top-grafted with healthy buds of the cv Ozark Premier, which is an indicator for plum leptonecrosis. Based on the results of PCR analysis, DAPI staining and on the reaction of the top-grafted Ozark Premier indicators, 50% of the European plum trees, despite their healthy appearance, were shown to be infected with plum leptonecrosis. The detectable presence and graft transmissibility of the plum leptonecrosis phytoplasma in the asymptomatic European plum trees means that the European plum trees are not resistant to the infection but that they are tolerant. The active presence of a still unknown vector/s in the investigated area is stressed as well as the important role of Prunus domestica L. played in the conservation and spread of plum leptonecrosis. 相似文献
12.
The susceptibility to plum pox potyvirus (PPV) of 13 apricot cultivars and two hybrids was studied under isolated conditions in the experimental orchard of the Research Breeding Station at Vesele from 1989 to 1993 after artificial inoculation of the trees. The plants were inoculated in the nursery in 1988 by chip-budding with a local source of virus and then planted into the field trial. First symptoms of plum pox appeared on the leaves in 1990. Reinoculation of symptomless trees was done in summer 1991. By 1993, plum pox had totally invaded some apricot trees of the most susceptible cultivars (Madarska, Velkopavlovicka, Kisinevskij rannij, Ligeti orias, Bergeron, Vesna and Vestar). Uninoculated control trees remained symptomless despite the proximity of diseased trees and the fact that the orchard was not sprayed with insecticides during the period of experiment. Cvs Julskij, Veecot, Vegama and Veharda remained free from plum pox symptoms on leaves and fruits. In 1993-05/06, the trees were assayed for the presence of the PPV antigen by ELISA. Leaf samples from 33 trees showing symptoms were positive. Samples prepared from the healthy tissues of leaves with symptoms were negative. Other trees (indexed by ELISA) growing in the neighbourhood of diseased trees in the period of 5 years were visually and ELISA negative. 相似文献
13.
Thomas Thomidis 《Phytoparasitica》2002,30(2):191-193
The virulence ofPhytophthora citrophthora isolated from various host-plants on three peach rootstocks (GF677, PR204, KID I) was examined. There was no significant
difference among the rootstocks with respect to their susceptibility to testedP. citrophthora isolates. The most virulent isolate originated from sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus); isolates from pistachio trees (Pistacia vera) also showed high virulence but were significantly less virulent than the sycamore isolate. Isolates originating from plum
(Prunus domestica), almond (Prunus amygdalus) and lemon (Citrus limon) trees were moderately virulent on peach rootstocks; those from cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum) showed the lowest virulence of those tested. There was thus great variation in virulence among the testedP. citrophthora isolates. It is possible that the isolates ofP. citrophthora from sycamore, pistachio, plum, almond and lemon trees are a threat to peach trees, whereas the low virulence of the isolates
from cyclamen hosts suggests that these pathogens are not a serious threat to peach trees.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 3, 2002. 相似文献
14.
Epidemiology of sharka disease in Spain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. Cambra N. Capote M. A. Cambra G. Llácer P. Botella A. López-Quílez 《EPPO Bulletin》2006,36(2):271-275
PPV was first detected in Spain in 1984 in Japanese plum ( Prunus salicina Lindl) cv. Red Beaut and spread very quickly to other Japanese and European plums and apricot cultivars but left peach cultivars unaffected. In the years following the detection of PPV, the predominant aphid species visiting Prunus orchards in Mediterranean areas were Aphis gossypii followed by Aphis spiraecola , the latter being the main aphid species found at present. Both species are considered to be the main vectors of PPV in Spanish early Prunus growing areas. Spatial analysis of the spread of PPV-D in Japanese plum and apricot trees confirmed the lack of significant association between immediately adjacent trees. The observed spatial pattern of sharka suggests a lack of movement of PPV-viruliferous aphid vectors to immediately adjacent trees and indicates their preferential movement to trees several tree spaces away. PPV-D is the only type currently present in Spain, with the exception of a PPV-M outbreak that was detected in and successfully eradicated from Aragón in 2002. The short-distance spread of PPV-M infection occurred as far as 12 m along the rows of peach trees. However, PPV-D has not been observed to spread through peach cultivars, despite being grown in the vicinity of heavily infected plots of apricot or Japanese plum trees. 相似文献
15.
16.
性信息素迷向丝对不同果树梨小食心虫的防控效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2017年在宁夏果园开展了性信息素迷向丝(北京中捷四方生物科技公司生产的长效迷向丝,有效成分占30%)对为害不同果树的梨小食心虫的防控效果研究。试验地共5.5 hm~2,栽植有成龄苹果树、梨树和李树。试验区按树种设置3个处理区,3个对照区。处理区在边缘区域每株树平均悬挂3条迷向丝,内部区域隔树悬挂,每树悬挂1条迷向丝,悬挂高度为距离地面2 m。调查各树种全年诱蛾量、诱蛾下降率、蛀果率等指标,研究迷向丝对不同果树上梨小食心虫的防控效果,分析苹果、梨和李树分区域集中栽培下梨小食心虫为害特点。研究结果显示:3个处理区的诱蛾下降率均达96%以上,果实膨大期蛀果下降率均达50%以上,成熟期蛀果下降率均达57%以上,说明性信息素迷向丝对3种果树区域的梨小食心虫防控效果明显且稳定;不同果树区域梨小食心虫发生高峰期一致;梨园中诱捕的梨小食心虫成虫最多,说明其具有寄主选择性;李园蛀果率明显高于苹果园和梨园,李果实成熟采摘后成虫诱捕量减少,同时期苹果园与梨园成虫诱捕量增加,说明梨小食心虫具有迁移为害特性。 相似文献
17.
18.
Gülşen Sertkaya Marta Martini Paolo Ermacora Rita Musetti Ruggero Osler 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(4):380-390
During the late summer-early autumn of 2002, surveys were carried out in Turkey to determine the presence of phytoplasma diseases
in fruit trees. Phytoplasmas were detected and characterized by PCR-RFLP analysis and TEM technique in stone fruit and pear
trees in the eastern Mediterranean region of the country. Six out of 24 samples, including almond, apricot, peach, pear and
plum, gave positive results in PCR assays. RFLP analysis usingSspI andBsaAI enzymes of PCR products obtained with primer pair f01/r01 enabled identification of the phytoplasmas involved in the diseases.
Stone fruit trees, including a local apricot variety (‘Sakıt’) and a pear sample, were found to be infected with European
stone fruit yellows (ESFY, 16SrX-B) and pear decline (PD, 16SrX-C) phytoplasmas, respectively. This is the first report in
Turkey of PD phytoplasma infecting pear and of ESFY phytoplasma infecting almond, apricot, myrobalan plum and peach; ESFY
phytoplasma infecting Japanese plum was previously reported.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 21, 2005. 相似文献
19.
细菌性穿孔病危害对李树叶片蛋白质和氨基酸含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为判定细菌性穿孔病危害对李树叶片蛋白质和氨基酸含量变化的影响,以3个品种李树的病、健叶为试验材料,利用凯氏定氮仪及全自动氨基酸分析仪检测其蛋白质和氨基酸含量。结果显示,3个品种李树叶片受细菌性穿孔病危害后,蛋白质和氨基酸含量均出现了不同程度的下降,降幅与李树品种有关;细菌性穿孔病危害对李树不同病情等级叶片的蛋白质含量产生了极显著影响,各等级叶片的蛋白质含量出现变化,有升有降,但最终还是不能抵抗病害的胁迫,4级叶片的含量最低且显著区别于其他各级叶片;细菌性穿孔病危害对李树叶片的氨基酸种类无影响,均有必需氨基酸9种和非必需氨基酸8种,但绝大多数种类氨基酸含量通常随叶片病情等级的提高而呈现不同幅度的下降,只有极少数种类出现小幅度的提升,两者紧密关联。研究可为从生理生化角度探讨李细菌性穿孔病的致病机理提供基础数据。 相似文献
20.
Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) was introduced into Puglia (IT) a few years ago with infected propagative material coming from nurseries outside the region. Infections were detected in commercial plum and apricot orchards, but not in local nurseries. Extensive surveys were carried out in young apricot, plum and peach orchards to assess the distribution, incidence and spread of PPV infections, with a view to possibly enforcing an eradication programme. Surveys were based on visual inspections of about 300 commercial orchards and nurseries (covering an area of more than 550 ha) in the whole of Puglia, by ELISA and IBM tests, and by biological testing on GF305 of field samples. A total of 23,000 plants were individually checked by ELISA and IEM. The eradication involved 13 plum (35 ha) and 2 apricot (5 ha) orchards showing different levels of PPV infection. Six of the plum plantings showed infection exceeding 30% and were completely uprooted; in the remaining orchards, infection did not exceed 10% and uprooting was limited to infected trees. PPV was never detected in peach. The high incidence of PPV in some plum orchards was due to the heavy initial contamination of propagating material. Secondary virus spread was monitored in apricot orchards and found to occur at a low rate. 相似文献