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虎威是由英国卜内门化学公司开发的专用于大豆田防除阔叶杂草的选择性除草剂。通常在大豆三片复叶期、杂草2～4叶期进行茎叶处理,除草效果很好,对大豆安全。但是,如果使用不当,也会产生一定药害。据试验观察,药害的发生主要与以下因素有关: 1.施药量。每亩使用25％虎威60～80毫升,一般不会产生药害,如用量超过100毫升就可能产生药害。 2.土壤含水量。在土壤含水量25％以上的情况下施药,基本无药害。而在土壤含水量15～20％之间施药,药害发生较重。 相似文献
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在温室隔离条件下,采用室内生物测定的方法,喷施靶标除草剂草甘膦、苯磺隆以及大豆田常用茎叶处理除草剂精喹禾灵、乳氟禾草灵和土壤处理除草剂乙草胺,研究了抗除草剂大豆356043对上述除草剂的耐受性差异。结果表明,大豆356043对靶标除草剂草甘膦和苯磺隆有较高的耐受性,安全使用剂量分别为922.5~2460.0、10.1~29.6 g a.i./hm2。而受体大豆Jack和常规品种科丰6号在草甘膦922.5 g a.i./hm2处理时全部死亡,在苯磺隆10.1 g a.i./hm2处理下出现明显药害症状。大豆356043对大豆田常用除草剂精喹禾灵、乳氟禾草灵和乙草胺也具有较高的耐受性,其对常规除草剂的耐受性与Jack和科丰6号无显著性差异。 相似文献
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采用田间小区试验方法,测定了4种磺酰脲类除草剂对玉米、小麦、谷子、高粱4种禾本科作物的安全性。结果表明,4%玉农乐悬浮剂苗后茎叶处理,有效成份推荐量40g/hm2对玉米安全,2倍量80g/hm2对玉米有轻微药害,3倍量120g/hm2对玉米药害严重,植株矮化穗小。推荐量对小麦、谷子、高粱药害严重,苗期死亡;75%宝收干悬浮剂播后苗前土壤处理,有效成分推荐量25g/hm2、2倍量50g/hm2和3倍量75g/hm2对4种作物均安全。苗后茎叶处理,3个剂量对小麦均无明显药害。推荐量对玉米安全,高粱有轻度药害,谷子药害严重,苗期死亡。2倍量玉米有轻度药害,高粱药害严重,部分苗期死亡。3倍量玉米和高粱药害严重,玉米不能恢复正常生长,高粱大部分苗期枯死;25%宝成干悬浮剂苗后茎叶处理,有效成分推荐量18.75g/hm2推荐量对玉米安全,2倍量37.5g/hm2对玉米有轻微药害,7d左右恢复正常生长。推荐量对小麦、谷子、高粱均有药害,2倍量药害严重,苗期死亡;20%豆磺隆可溶性粉剂播后苗前土壤处理,有效成份推荐量15g/hm2下对4种作物均安全,2倍量30g/hm2和3倍量45g/hm2下对玉米、小麦、谷子安全,高粱有轻度药害。苗后茎叶处理,推荐量、2倍量和3倍量对小麦均安全。推荐量对谷子安全,2倍量和3倍量谷子有轻度药害。推荐量下玉米、高粱均有药害,2倍量和3倍量药害严重,不能恢复正常生长。 相似文献
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为探究安全、高效的胡萝卜田苗后杂草化学防除技术,采用盆钵法研究了13种苗后茎叶处理除草剂对胡萝卜的室内安全性,并对筛选得到的苗后除草剂进行了初步的田间药效及安全性试验。结果表明：供试13种除草剂中扑草净对胡萝卜的安全性较好,在225 g（a.i.）/hm2剂量下,胡萝卜苗的鲜重为53.61 g,与对照无显著差异,未出现药害反应;在450、750 g（a.i.）/hm2剂量下分别出现了1级和2级的低级别药害反应;而噁草酮、氰草津、嘧啶肟草醚、双草醚、辛酰溴苯腈、乙氧氟草醚、乙羧氟草醚、咪唑乙烟酸、灭草松、噻吩磺隆、双氟磺草胺和氯吡嘧磺隆在推荐剂量下,对胡萝卜鲜重抑制率为19.30%~100.00%,出现了3~5级的药害反应。扑草净对胡萝卜田杂草有较好的防效,在剂量为450~600 g（a.i.）/hm2时对胡萝卜田杂草总体的株防效和鲜重防效均达到80.56%以上,且对胡萝卜安全,无药害反应。胡萝卜田苗后杂草化学防除建议使用450~600 g（a.i.）/hm2扑草净进行茎叶喷雾处理,可达到对禾本科和阔叶杂草的有效防除,且对胡萝卜安全。 相似文献
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150克/升精吡氟禾草灵乳油防除大豆田杂草田间药效试验 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
150克/升精吡氟禾草灵乳油(商品名:富留在)是丰乐农化公司新开发的大豆田除草剂,主要用于大豆田茎叶处理。该药剂为内吸传导型茎叶处理除草剂,具有优良的选择性,对禾本科杂草具有强力的杀伤作用,对阔叶作物安全。药剂主要通过茎叶吸收,通过根也能吸收,在植物体内水解成酸,经筛管、导管传导至生长点、节间分生组织,干扰ATP(三磷酸腺苷)的产生和传递,破坏光合作用,抑制细胞分裂,阻止其生长。为探讨该药剂对大豆田杂草的防除效果及安全性,确定经济、有效的用量,进行了田间小区试验,取得了良好效果。 相似文献
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近年来大豆田除草剂品种迅速增多，涉及的化合物类型增加，作用原理各式各样。在生产中常出现除草效果差、作物发生药害等问题。为此就除草剂使用应注意的问题总结如下：１）针对作物田间杂草种类选用适宜的除草剂品种。任何除草剂品种都有其一定的杀草谱。有防阔叶的，有防窄叶的（禾本科、莎草科），也有部分窄叶、阔叶草兼防的。但一种除草剂不可能有效地防治田间所有杂草，所以除草剂选用不当防治效果就不会很好。如２４％乳氟禾草灵EC（克阔乐，下称）、４４％氟羧草灭松水剂（克莠灵，下称）等防治大豆田多年生阔叶杂草苣荬菜、刺儿… 相似文献
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<正>在农业生产过程中,使用化学农药防治病虫害是一种重要的手段,如果对农药的化学性质,物理性质,使用剂量、方法、施药时间等不了解,盲目使用就有可能造成农作物药害。下面谈谈植保工作中常见到的农作物大田药害。1农药防治对象使用错误产生的药害广普(灭生性)性除草剂错误使用到农作物大田,双子叶除草剂错误使用到双子叶作物田,单子叶除草剂错误使用到单子叶作物田造成药害。这类药害表现田间象开水烫一样,作物叶 相似文献
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以草甘膦钾盐为供试除草剂,设计其不同用量以及与不同助剂配套的处理,以当地常规除草剂为药剂对照,在内蒙古大豆玉米带状复合种植田开展了化学除草试验,调查草甘膦不同处理对试验田种植的耐除草剂转基因作物的安全性,以及对田间主要杂草的防效。结果表明,各施药处理以对照药剂硝·烟·莠去津+松·喹·氟磺胺对作物的药害最大,药后7 d在大豆、玉米上的药害分别达3级、1级;草甘膦处理对作物的药害较轻,低剂量处理区未见药害,高剂量处理区药后7 d在大豆上产生2级药害,药后15 d降至1级,药后30 d药害消失,作物恢复正常生长。草甘膦钾盐低剂量+甲基化植物油助剂处理对田间主要杂草藜、反枝苋、稗的整体防效最高,药后45 d的株防效为94.12%～95.40%,鲜重防效为94.71%～98.83%,相应处理区玉米、大豆的产量也较高。 相似文献
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D. V. CLAY 《Weed Research》1980,20(2):97-102
The tolerance of strawberries to herbicides was tested by applications to the roots of plants growing in sand and by foliage applications to plants grown in compost, and compared with tolerance in the field. Dimefuron was safe as a foliar application but much more toxic than simazine when applied in sand or in the field. Metamitron caused slight injury as a foliar spray; in sand and in the field it was intermediate in toxicity between simazine and lenacil. At normal rates propachlor was safe as a foliar spray and much safer than lenacil when applied in sand. High rates had no adverse effect in the field. Ethofumesate and pendimethalin caused some temporary stunting when applied to foliage, but were less toxic than lenacil when applied to roots in sand. Field applications of both herbicides at 1–1.5 kg/ha were safe. Foliage sprays of bentazone, oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen severely damaged the sprayed leaves, but these herbicides were less active than lenacil when applied to the roots. In the field they caused severe leaf damage, but by the end of the growing season the plants had recovered. The experiments demonstrated the value of separate root and shoot activity tests for indicating which herbicides merit further field testing. 相似文献
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二硝基苯胺除草剂对大豆生育影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
作者于1981～1983年所作的系统田间与盆栽试验证明,二硝基苯胺类除草剂中的氟乐灵、二甲戊乐灵对大豆苗期生育有明显抑制作用,表现为:(1)出苗延迟,幼芽下胚轴肿胀、脆弱、矮化,子叶革质状,单位面积用药量对幼芽矮化的影响比混土深浅大;(2)侧根显著受抑制,这种抑制作用局限于药土层,混土深度对大豆侧根的抑制比用药量高低的影响更显著;(3)根瘤菌形成受抑制,根瘤数减少,叶面积减小。随着大豆生长,上述抑制作用逐步消失,对大豆产量无显著影响。在供试3种除草剂中,丁乐灵对大豆生育无影响。从安全、经济、高效考虑,氟乐灵与二甲戊乐灵的适宜用量为1.0公斤,丁乐灵为1.5公斤/公顷,将药剂施于大豆种子之上的土层为宜,亦即施药后耙地不宜过深,将药剂混拌于0～6厘米土层为佳。 相似文献
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Glyphosate-resistant soybean as a weed management tool: Opportunities and challenges 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
KRISHNA N. REDDY 《Weed Biology and Management》2001,1(4):193-202
Transgenic soybean, resistant to glyphosate, represents a revolutionary breakthrough in weed control technology. Transgenic soybean is the most dominant among all transgenic crops grown commercially in the world. In 2000, glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean was planted to 25.8 million hectares globally, which amounts to 58% of the total global transgenic crop area. The United States soybean area planted with GR soybean has increased from 2% in 1996 to 68% in 2001. Glyphosate-resistant soybean as a weed management tool has provided farmers with the opportunity and flexibility to manage a broad spectrum of weeds. The use of glyphosate in GR soybean offers another alternative to manage weeds that are resistant to other herbicides. The rapid increase in GR soybean area is caused by the simplicity of using only one herbicide and a lower cost for weed control. Adoption of GR soybean has resulted in a dramatic decrease in the area treated with other herbicides. Glyphosphate-resistant soybean should not be relied on solely to the exclusion of other weed control methods, and should be used within integrated weed management systems. Over-reliance on GR soybean could lead to problems such as shifts in weed species and population, and the development of glyphosate-resistant weeds. The challenge is for soybean farmers to understand these problems, and for weed scientists to communicate with farmers that continuous use of glyphosate may diminish the opportunity of GR soybean as a weed management tool in the future. 相似文献
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A simulation of herbicide use based on weed spatial distribution 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Intensive field surveys were conducted to deter mine the spatial distribution of composite broad leaf and grass weed seedlings in seven maize and five soybean fields in eastern Nebraska in 1992. Farmer fields where herbicides were applied in a 38-cm band over 76-cm spaced rows were chosen for this study. Weed populations were measured in the interrow and in the band-treated intrarow. Spatial maps constructed for grass or broadleaf weeds revealed that individual species as well as species assemblages are highly aggregated. On average, 30% of the sample area in the 12 fields surveyed was free of broadleaf weeds and 70% free of grass weeds in the interrow area (no her bicide). Where a pre-emergence herbicide was applied (intrarow), 71% of the sample area was free of broadleaf weeds and 94% free of grass weeds. Increasing the threshold to some value other than zero resulted in a larger field area not requiring a herbicide application. The results of these distribution studies indicate that herbicide use could be substantially reduced if weed dis tribution maps or real-time plant sensing were available to provide information for intermittent herbicide application systems or refinement of economic thresholds. 相似文献
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Summary. Granulated compound fertilizers were tested as solid carriers for a variety of herbicides known to be active when applied as liquids.
Pasture and cereal experiments with 2,4-D and MCPA as fertilizer additives indicated considerable loss of herbicidal activity in comparison with spray formulations.
Residual herbicides such as TCA, propham and diuron retained their activity when added to fertilizer for application to root crops. The most effective of the herbicides used as fertilizer additives were TCA and propham, both of which gave good control of Avena fatua in sugar beet, and a mixture of chlorpropham and diuron gave promising results as a general weed control treatment in carrots.
It is concluded that the addition of these or similar herbicides to fertilizer granules may have advantages over conventional spray formulations for those crops which require broadcast pre-sowing applications of herbicides and fertilizer. For such crops the use of a granular fertilizer as the carrier instead of inert material could also have advantages over conventional granular herbicides, particularly by reducing transport and application costs. 相似文献
Pasture and cereal experiments with 2,4-D and MCPA as fertilizer additives indicated considerable loss of herbicidal activity in comparison with spray formulations.
Residual herbicides such as TCA, propham and diuron retained their activity when added to fertilizer for application to root crops. The most effective of the herbicides used as fertilizer additives were TCA and propham, both of which gave good control of Avena fatua in sugar beet, and a mixture of chlorpropham and diuron gave promising results as a general weed control treatment in carrots.
It is concluded that the addition of these or similar herbicides to fertilizer granules may have advantages over conventional spray formulations for those crops which require broadcast pre-sowing applications of herbicides and fertilizer. For such crops the use of a granular fertilizer as the carrier instead of inert material could also have advantages over conventional granular herbicides, particularly by reducing transport and application costs. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Sudden death syndrome of soybean, caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, is a disease of increasing economic importance in the United States. Although the ecology of sudden death syndrome has been extensively studied in relation to crop management practices such as tillage, irrigation, and cultivar selection, there is no information on the effects of herbicides on this disease. Three herbicides (lactofen, glyphosate, and imazethapyr) commonly used in soybean were evaluated for their effects on the phenology of F. solani f. sp. glycines and the development of sudden death syndrome in four soybean cultivars varying in resistance to the disease and in tolerance to glyphosate. Conidial germination, mycelial growth, and sporulation in vitro were reduced by glyphosate and lactofen. In growth-chamber and greenhouse experiments, there was a significant increase in disease severity and frequency of isolation of F. solani f. sp. glycines from roots of all cultivars after application of imazethapyr or glyphosate compared with the control treatment (no herbicide applied). Conversely, disease severity and isolation frequency of F. solani f. sp. glycines decreased after application of lactofen. Across all herbicide treatments, severity of sudden death syndrome and isolation frequency were lower in disease-resistant than in susceptible cultivars. Results suggest that glyphosate-tolerant and -nontolerant cultivars respond similarly to infection by F. solani f. sp. glycines after herbicide application. 相似文献
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Field trials were conducted in Taigu, Shanxi province, China, to evaluate the efficacy of flumioxazin plus acetochlor and flumiclorac-pentyl plus clethodim applied to summer-sown soybeans at pre- and postemergence. It was demonstrated that tank-mixing flumioxazin at 50 g ai ha-1 and acetochlor at 800 g ai ha-1 created an effective soil-applied herbicide for weed control in soybean crops. The control efficacy was better than when the herbicides were applied individually, and no injury was caused to the soybeans. Flumiclorac-pentyl at 50 g ai ha-1 plus clethodim at 70 g ai ha-1 suppressed both broad-leaved weeds and grass weeds with an increased efficacy of more than 90%. Flumiclorac-pentyl applied alone or tank-mixed caused some injury to soybean seedlings, but the soybeans recovered 2–3 weeks after treatment and there was no reduction in the yield. 相似文献
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While cultivation of transgenic crops takes place in seven of the EU member states, this constitutes a relatively limited part of the total acreage planted to these crops worldwide. The only glyphosate-resistant (GR) crop grown commercially until recently has been soybean in Romania. In addition, large-scale experimental European data exist for GR sugar and fodder beets, and, to a lesser extent, GR oilseed rape. These GR crops are likely to have an impact both on the use of herbicides and on the environmental impact of the latter. From the data on these GR crops, it appears that quantities of herbicides applied to GR beets are decreased while those on GR soybean are slightly increased compared with their conventional counterparts. Depending on the parameters used for prediction or measurement of environmental impacts of GR crops, generally similar or less negative impacts were observed compared with conventional crops. Favourable environmental effects of the glyphosate-containing herbicide regimes on GR crops appear feasible, provided appropriate measures for maintaining biodiversity and prevention of volunteers and gene flow are applied. 相似文献
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在实验室内寄主体外测定了8种大豆田常用除草剂对大豆孢囊线虫（SCN）(Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)2龄幼虫（J2）存活率及卵孵化的影响,同时测定了乙草胺和2,4滴丁酯+异丙草胺对温室和田间SCN繁殖的影响。结果表明,所有供试除草剂对大豆孢囊线虫J2均有不同程度的致死作用,其中以乙草胺、2,4滴丁酯+异丙草胺和嗪草酸甲酯处理效果最好,24 h死亡率分别达99.33%、99.33%和89.33%;乙草胺、2,4滴丁酯+异丙草胺、嗪草酸甲酯和精噁唑禾草灵处理7 d,J2的死亡率均达100%,精喹禾灵、精吡氟氯禾草灵和三氟羧草醚处理的死亡率分别为91.33%、81.33%和79.33%;所有除草剂对孢囊孵化都有较强的抑制作用,其中2,4滴丁酯+异丙草胺的抑制作用最强,孢囊孵化率仅为1.25%;乙草胺和2,4滴丁酯+异丙草胺对温室和田间SCN的繁殖均有较强的抑制作用,对大豆根系生长均无不良影响。不同除草剂对大豆种子萌发有一定影响。 相似文献