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1.
利用荧光原位杂交技术,在蒙古冰草染色体组上进行5S rDNA、45S rDNA以及重复序列pAs1 DNA序列的定位,通过荧光原位杂交信号的强弱、数量、位置进行蒙古冰草染色体的配对及核型分析。结果表明:蒙古冰草染色体组总长度为91.788μm,平均绝对长度为13.113μm,最长染色体与最短染色体的长度比值为1.446,具有2对随体,分别位于第2号染色体和第4号染色体的短臂上,没有臂比大于2∶1的染色体,核型不对称系数为56.96%,核型类型属于1A型,核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m(2SAT)+4sm(2SAT)。5S rDNA序列和45S rDNA序列分别位于第2号和第4号染色体的短臂上,有5对染色体两端都检测到明显的pAs1 DNA荧光信号,有2对染色体只有一端检测到明显的pAs1 DNA荧光信号。荧光原位杂交技术大大提高了染色体核型分析的可靠性,为冰草属内植物的分类和育种提供了细胞学依据。 相似文献
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采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法和常规染色体分析技术,对青海省藏獒的染色体核型进行了分析。结果表明：藏獒二倍体染色体数目为2n=78,NF=80,按形态可分为39对,除性染色体X和Y为中着丝粒（M）染色体外,其它38对常染色体均为端着丝粒（T）染色体。 相似文献
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采用骨髓法制备经营田鼠染色体标本片,并对其染色体核型和G带进行分析。结果表明,经营田鼠体细胞染色体数为2n=38,雄性染色体核型由18对常染色体和1对异配型性染色体XY组成,雌性为18对常染色体和1对同配型性染色体XX组成。1～9号为端着丝粒（t）染色体（包括Y染色体）,10号为近端着丝粒（st）染色体,11～18号为中央着丝粒（m）染色体（包括X色体）。19对染色体共分布有370条G带（雄性365条）,其中深带190条,浅带180条。因此,经营田鼠的染色体数目、G带具有明显种的特征,与其他鼠类不同。 相似文献
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The chromosome number of the muskrat (Ondatra zibethica L.) was determined to be 54 in an investigation of the mitotic and meiotic chromosomes. All chromosomes are one-armed with the exception of one small pair which is biarmed. Further, the X chromosome, one of the largest of the complement, seems to have a small secondary arm making possible an identification of the pair. A systematic investigation of the chromosomes, and especially the sex chromosomes at different stages of the spcrmatocytogenesis, has been performed. 相似文献
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A cytogenetical study using metaphase chromosomes from cultured lymphocytes, was made of 2 Banteng (Bibos banteng) steers and 218 bulls representing 13 purebreeds (Bos taurus type, Bos indicus type and Sanga) and 7 cross-breeds. Studies were made of photographic karyotypes of Giemsa stained and C-banded chromosomes of bulls of each breed and of B-banded chromosomes from 3 breeds of Bos indicus and one cross-breed Australian Friesian Sahiwal) cattle. The relative lengths of chromosomes of Bos taurus and Bos indicus bulls were compared and significant difference in relative lengths of the X chromosomes were noted between these two species. There was a differences in morphology of the Y chromosomes; Sanga, Banteng and Bos taurus type breeds had a small submetacentric Y chromosome, except for the Jersey which had a metacentric Y chromosome. All Bos indicus type bulls had an acrocentric Y chromosome but the Droughtmaster breed had two forms of the Y chromosome (submetacentric and acrocentric). The C-banding patterns of the autosomes and X chromosomes were similar for all breeds while those of the Y chromosomes of Bos indicus type cattle allowed their accurate identification. G-banding patterns of Bos indicus resembled those of Bos taurus and enabled pairing of homologous chromosomes. Centromeres of the autosomes were unstained but those of the sex chromosomes were darkly stained. 相似文献
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Kageyama S Yoshida I Kawakura K Chikuni K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(5):509-514
A novel repeated sequence specific to male cattle was identified and named S4. S4 is a highly repetitive sequence and is a 1.5 kb repeating unit that contains various internal repeated sequences. FISH analysis showed that S4 is localized on the whole long arm and the proximal region of the short arm of the Y chromosome. We found that a PCR primer set for S4 amplified a male-specific 178 bp product in addition to a 145 bp product common to both male and female cells. Although the origin of the 145 bp product is unknown, it acts as a positive internal control in practical embryo sexing. Due to the high copy number of S4, PCR required only 0.5 pg purified DNA for accurate amplification. This made it possible to reduce the amount of biopsy sample required for embryo sexing and thus result in less damage to embryos manipulated. These studies indicate that embryo sexing based on the S4 sequence is accurate and sensitive. 相似文献
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三份偃麦草种质的染色体核型分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用产地来源不同的3份偃麦草的种子为试验材料,采用根尖压片法进行细胞染色体核型分析,旨在为其细胞学特性和演化趋势的研究奠定科学基础。结果表明,来源于俄罗斯列宁格勒的偃麦草种质ER044染色体数目为2n=6X=42,染色体相对长度组成为:4L+14M2+20M1+4S,核型公式为:K(2n)=6X=42=2M+32m+8sm。来源于阿富汗喀布尔的偃麦草种质ER058染色体数目为2n=6X=42,染色体相对长度组成为: 2L+20M2+16M1+4S,核型公式K(2n)=6X=42=30m+12sm(2sat)。采自于中国新疆的偃麦草种质ER132染色体数目为2n=6X=42,染色体相对长度组成为:4L+16M2+16M1+6S,核型公式为:K(2n)=6X=42=32m+8sm(4sat)+2st。3份偃麦草种质的染色体核型均属于“2B”类型。 相似文献
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T Révay A Kovács GA Presicce W Rens I Gustavsson 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2003,38(5):377-379
In order to identify X‐ and Y‐bearing spermatozoa in water buffalo by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), some available probes of closely related species were examined. An X‐ and Y‐specific probe set, made from flow sorted yak chromosomes, labelled in somatic metaphases of water buffalo the whole X and Y, respectively, except their centromere regions. A cattle Y‐chromosome repeat sequence (BC1.2) showed strong signal on the telomere region of the buffalo Y‐chromosome, demonstrating the evolutionary conservation of this locus in water buffalo. In hybridization experiments with spermatozoa from five buffaloes, the yak X‐Y paint set demonstrated clear signals in more than 92% (46.8% X and 45.8% Y) of the cells. Using the cattle Y‐chromosome specific BC1.2 probe, clear hybridization signal was detected in more than 48% of the cells. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between bulls or from the expected 50 : 50 ratio of X‐ and Y‐bearing cells. The probes presented here are reliable to assess separation of X‐ and Y‐bearing spermatozoa. 相似文献
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采用常规细胞遗传学分析手段，对青海省西宁动物园饲养的马鹿染色体核型进行分析，结果：马鹿染色体数目为２ｎ＝６８，染色体臂数ＮＦ＝７０（♀）、７１（）；常染色体类型为２条中（Ｍ）着丝粒，６４条近端或端（Ａ）着丝粒；性染色体类型Ｘ为近端（Ａ），Ｙ为近中（ｓＭ）着丝粒；公母鹿核型式为６８，ＸＹ和６８ＸＸ。 相似文献
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Maekawa R Yagi S Ohgane J Yamagata Y Asada H Tamura I Sugino N Shiota K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(5):604-612
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor in women. Although responsible gene mutations have not been found in leiomyomas, they represent a progressive disease with irreversible symptoms. To characterize epigenetic features of uterine leiomyomas, the DNA methylation status of a paired sample of leiomyoma and normal myometrium was subjected to a microarray-based DNA methylation analysis with restriction tag-mediated amplification (D-REAM). In the leiomyoma, we identified an aberrant DNA methylation status for 463 hypomethylated and 318 hypermethylated genes. Although these changes occurred on all chromosomes, aberrantly hypomethylated genes were preferentially located on the X chromosome. Using paired samples of normal myometrium and leiomyoma from 6 hysterectomy patients, methylation-sensitive quantitative real-time PCR revealed 14 shared X chromosome genes with an abnormal DNA hypomethylation status (FAM9A, CPXCR1, CXORF45, TAF1, NXF5, VBP1, GABRE, DDX53, FHL1, BRCC3, DMD, GJB1, AP1S2 and PCDH11X) and one hypermethylated locus (HDAC8). Expression of XIST, which is involved in X chromosome inactivation, was equivalent in the normal myometrium and leiomyoma, indicating that the epigenetic abnormality on the X chromosome did not result from aberration of XIST gene expression. Based on these data, a unique epigenetic signature for uterine leiomyomas has emerged. The 14 hypomethylated and one hypermethylated loci provide valuable biomarkers for understanding the molecular pathogenesis of leiomyoma. 相似文献
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Chromosomes of gaur cross domestic cattle hybrids 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The chromosomes of five gaur (Bos gaurus hubbacki) domestic cattle (B indicus cross B taurus) hybrids (three females, two males) were studied using the leucocyte culture method and centromeric (C) banding technique. All the hybrids had a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 58, made up of two submetacentric autosomes (different in size) and 54 acrocentric autosomes, most of which could be arranged in pairs in descending order of size. The sex (X) chromosomes in females were a pair of submetacentric chromosomes smaller than the submetacentric autosomes. The Y chromosome in males was a small submetacentric chromosome. The C banding patterns were useful in identifying the X and Y chromosomes and the inherited submetacentric autosomes from the gaur sire. Phenotypically, the hybrids resembled normal B indicus cross B taurus calves except for the presence of a distinct hump-like dorsal ridge containing the spinous processes of the third to 11th thoracic vertebrae, upright 'deer-like' ears and long lean legs. The potential of these hybrids as important genetic resources for meat production is stressed. 相似文献
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蓖麻蚕和栗蚕的性染色体研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
根据在蓖麻蚕（ｐｈｉｌｏｓａｍｉａｃｙｎｔｈｉａｒｉｃｉｎｉ）（♀）和栗蚕（Ｄｉｃｔｙｏｐｌｏｃａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）（♀）减数分裂前期所观察到的ｘ（Ｚ）染色体的长度和在全套染色体中的序号以及栗蚕Ｘ染色体的异染色质区域等特征，认为蓖麻蚕的ＸＯ型可能是由ＸＹ型中的Ｙ染色体缺失所致，而栗蚕的Ｘ染色体则可能是由Ｘ和Ｙ染色体融d合为一条而成。 相似文献
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Monika Bugno-Poniewierska Barbara Kij Wojciech Witarski Magdalena Wojtaszek Anna Radko Angelika Podbielska Izabela Szczerbal William J. Murphy 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(9):1139-1144
The tortoiseshell coat colour is characteristic to female cats, and its occurrence in tomcats is very rare and associated with chromosome abnormalities (additional copy of X chromosome). The aim of this study was identification of the genetic basis of a case of tortoiseshell colour in a fertile Maine coon tomcat. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies were carried out with painting molecular probes (WCPP) specific to the X and Y sex chromosomes as well as a DNA microsatellite panel for the parentage verification of cats. Cytogenetic analysis revealed only a single set of sex chromosomes typical for male – 38,XY. The results of the microsatellite polymorphism obtained from DNA showed three alleles in locus FCA201 and four alleles in loci FCA149 and FCA441 in different tissues (blood, hair roots and testicles). Based on these results, the case was diagnosed as a true chimerism 38,XY/38,XY. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a 38,XY/38,XY chimera diagnosed in cats, confirmed by genetic analysis. 相似文献
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The present study was designed to comparatively investigate 25 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis. The S. aureus strains, obtained from six different farms at five locations in one region of Germany, were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods. The S. aureus could be identified and further characterized by their cultural, biochemical and hemolytic properties. To analyze the epidemiological relationship the isolates were subjected to DNA fingerprinting by macrorestriction analysis of their chromosomal DNA, by PCR amplification of the gene encoding the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer, by PCR amplification of the gene encoding the IgG binding region and the X region of protein A and by amplifying, and subsequent, digestion of the gene encoding staphylococcal coagulase. The macrorestriction analysis revealed five DNA restriction patterns with DNA patterns I, III and IV occurring in three, four, and three different farms, respectively. In addition, clones with different DNA patterns could be found within one herd. The PCR products for the spacer DNA, the spa gene encoding the X region of protein A and the coa gene encoding coagulase corresponded mostly to the pattern observed by DNA fingerprinting. Amplification of the gene encoding the IgG binding region revealed sizes of 620 bp for 20 of the isolates and 280 bp for four isolates indicating, for the latter, a deletion of segments in this region. These findings show, that single, widely distributed clones seemed to be responsible for cases of bovine subclinical mastitis found in one region of Germany. 相似文献
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白草（Pennisetum centrasiaticum）广泛分布于世界各地，被牛羊所采食。本试验采用常规根尖压片法对采自西藏日喀则市的白草进行染色体数目统计及核型分析。结果表明：白草染色体总长度为45.87 μm，平均臂比为1.23，核型不对称指数为54.83；所有染色体的臂比在1.08至1.70范围内，其中近中部着丝粒染色体（sm）为1对，其余17对均为中部着丝粒染色体（m），所有染色体未观测到随体出现；白草染色体基数为9，核型为2n=4x=36=34 m+2 sm，属于四倍体植物，核型类型为1A，是进化较原始的物种。 相似文献
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D S Gallagher B C Lewis M De Donato S K Davis J F Taylor J F Edwards 《Veterinary pathology》1999,36(5):448-451
A 240-day-gestation female bovine fetus with severe anasarca, palatoschisis, cheiloschisis, mild cranioschisis, and a flattened facies was collected at a slaughterhouse, and a fibroblast line was established from the fetal skin. Chromosome preparations were Q-banded, and chromosome counts were taken that indicated the presence of 61 chromosomes in cells of the fetus (the normal diploid number for domestic cattle is 60). Q-band karyotypes were constructed, and Q-band analysis revealed the presence of three copies of chromosome 20. Trisomy 20 (61,XX,+20) was confirmed through the use of two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization of bovine bacterial artificial chromosome clones that were specific to chromosome 20 and the X chromosome. 相似文献
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荒漠猫染色体的首次研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用外周血淋巴细胞培养和常规染色体制备分析技术，对青海省珍稀兽类荒漠猫染色体进行首次研究，结果显示：荒漠猫的染色体数目为２ｎ＝３８，常染色体形态类型为１０Ｍ＋１０ｓＭ＋１２ｓＴ＋４Ｔ（或Ａ），性染色体形态类型Ｘ为ｓＭ，Ｙ为ｓＴ，染色体总臂数ＮＦ＝７２，公母猫核型式为３８，ＸＹ和３８，ＸＸ。 相似文献
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Salmonella enterica serovar subsp. enterica Livingstone and serovar Cerro isolates from a commercial egg-producing farm, which had previously been untypeable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) because of DNA degradation during the PFGE process, successfully gave banding patterns using electrophoresis buffer supplemented with 50 microM thiourea. By PFGE in the presence of thiourea, DNA degradation-sensitive S. enterica serovar Cerro isolates from the commercial egg-producing farm were found to be genetically unrelated to S. enterica serovar Cerro isolates that gave the patterns in the absence of thiourea. Forty-five of 50 (90%) S. enterica serovar Livingstone isolates from the farm showed arbitrarily designated XbaI-digested patterns X1 and X2 that were distinguished by one-band difference and had an identical BlnI-digested pattern. In one of the two layer houses in the farm, the numbers of isolates having the pattern X2 increased from 57% in 1997 to 89% in 1998, whereas virtually all the isolates obtained from the other house in the same period showed the profile X1. This suggests that strains having the pattern X2 might have an advantage to preferentially colonize in the former house. 相似文献