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1.
Isolation and identification of mycobacteria from captive reptiles   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The occurrence of Mycobacterium species in clinically healthy pet reptiles was studied in Italy during the period 2004-2006. The feces samples of 223 animals were examined bacteriologically. Thirty-seven strains were isolated, in particular from 13/18 (72.2%) ophidians, 13/134 (9.7%) saurians and 11/71 (15.5%) chelonians. The isolates were classified, after HPLC analysis of bromophenacyl esters of cell wall mycolic acids, as Mycobacterium fortuitum (14 strains, 37.8%), Mycobacterium fortuitum-like (17, 45.9%), Mycobacterium peregrinum (4, 10.8%), and Mycobacterium chelonae (1, 2.7%). M. fortuitum was isolated from seven pythons, five saurians and two turtles; M. fortuitum-like from six saurians, six pythons and five turtles; M. peregrinum from four turtles; M. chelonae from one lizard. One isolate from an Iguana iguana could not be identified by HPLC analysis showing a previously unreported profile. Comparative 16S rDNA sequencing showed a low similarity with Mycobacterium triviale (97.2%) and Mycobacterium confluentis (97.1%). On the basis of such data the unidentified bacterium turned out to belong to a not yet described Mycobacterium species.  相似文献   

2.
Despite the ubiquitous presence of atypical mycobacteria in the environment and the potential risk of infection in humans and animals, the pathogenesis of diseases caused by infection with atypical mycobacteria has been poorly characterized. In this study, goldfish, Carassius auratus were infected either with the rapidly growing fish pathogen, Mycobacterium fortuitum or with another rapidly growing mycobacteria, Mycobacterium smegmatis. Bacterial persistence and pathological host response to mycobacterial infection in the goldfish are described. Mycobacteria were recovered from a high percentage of inoculated fish that developed a characteristic chronic granulomatous response similar to that associated with natural mycobacterial infection. Both M. fortuitum and M. smegmatis were pathogenic to fish. Fish infected with M. smegmatis ATCC 19420 showed the highest level of giant cell recruitment compared to fish inoculated with M. smegmatis mc(2)155 and M. fortuitum. Of the three strains of mycobacteria examined, M. smegmatis ATCC 19420 was the most virulent strain to goldfish followed by M. fortuitum and M. smegmatis mc(2)155, respectively.  相似文献   

3.
During a five-year period (2000 to 2004) 74,342 pigs were tested by the intradermal tuberculin test in Croatia. Of them, 248 (0.33%) pigs were positive and 91 (0.12%) were found to be suspicious in 7 out of the 13 farms included in the study. Gross pathological changes characteristic of tuberculosis were observed in tuberculin-positive and/or suspicious swine. Mycobacterium was isolated from the lymph nodes of 183 out of 234 swine (78.2%). For better epidemiological understanding, isolates were typed by conventional methods, PCR and hybridisation. The results show that most of the isolates belonged to the Mycobacterium avium complex (175 isolates, 95.7%). Other isolates belonged to M. fortuitum (6 isolates, 3.3%), M. chelonae (1 isolate, 0.5%), and M. peregrinum (1 isolate, 0.5%). Isolated strains of the M. avium complex were identified as M a. avium (37 isolates, 21.1%) and M. a. hominissuis (138 isolates, 78.9%).  相似文献   

4.
Mycobacterium fortuitum is a saprophytic, fast-growing, nontuberculous, and nonlepromatous mycobacterium that can cause infections in animals and humans. In dogs and cats, it is one of the most common agents of ulcerative dermatitides and panniculitides caused by atypical mycobacteria. In humans, it is frequently found in lipoid pneumonias or contaminated surgical sites. We report a cat with granulomatous pneumonia caused by M fortuitum resembling lipoid pneumonia in humans. The similarity between the histopathology of the lung and skin lesions caused by this organism in dogs and cats is emphasized. We discuss the role of lipids in the pathogenesis of mycobacterioses and suggest an association between atypical mycobacteria and lipid-rich environments. We conclude that M fortuitum should be included as a differential in cases of lipid-rich pneumonias that do not respond to common antibiotics.  相似文献   

5.
Pneumonia caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum was diagnosed in the left lung lobes of a 3-year-old male Samoyed. Unilateral pneumonectomy and antibiotic treatment (primarily amoxicillin trihydrate-clavulanate potassium and kanamycin) were associated with resolution of the pneumonia. In dogs, M fortuitum causes pulmonary disease that radiographically resembles bacterial pneumonia. Therefore, M fortuitum infection should be considered in dogs with radiographic signs of bronchopneumonia that worsen despite antibiotic treatment.  相似文献   

6.
Among 25,027 slaughter pigs raised in two farms, tuberculous lesions were detected in the lymph nodes of 898 (3.6%) of them. Tuberculous lesions were most commonly found in the mesenteric (601; 2.4%) and head (451; 1.8%) lymph nodes. Mycobacteria were isolated from 49 of 120 randomly selected mesenteric, head and bronchial lymph nodes with diagnosed tuberculosis originating from both farms. Forty six Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis, one M. chelonae and two M. fortuitum isolates were found in the lymph nodes of pigs. No statistically significant difference was detected between farms A and B for isolation rates of mycobacteria from the lymph nodes of pigs and their species composition. To investigate the source of the pigs' infections, culture examinations of 117 samples from the external environment were performed. Mycobacteria were isolated from 25 samples from the external environment (21.4%). Mycobacterial isolates were also detected in eleven (91.7%) and two (16.7%) of 12 used sawdust and 12 of non-used (fresh) sawdust samples, respectively. None of 12 wood shavings was culture-positive. Twelve of 13 sawdust isolates were classified as M. a. hominissuis of serotypes 6 and 8 and genotype IS901- and IS1245+; the remaining isolate was classified as species M. fortuitum. Other conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria were only isolated from 12 of the remaining 81 samples from the external environment (excluding bedding). A total of eight isolates (two pig and six sawdust samples originating from farms A and B) were examined by IS1245 restriction fragment length polymorphism (IS1245 RFLP) analysis. These isolates produced five distinct IS1245 RFLP types with more than 20 bands. Based on identical IS1245 RFLP types of one pig isolate and two isolates of used sawdust from farm A, we have concluded that contaminated sawdust was the source of mycobacterial infection for pigs in our study.  相似文献   

7.
An outbreak of mycobacteriosis was detected in an aviary containing Gouldian finches (Erythrura gouldiae) and golden shouldered parrots (Psephotus chrysopterygius). Affected birds developed granulomatous lesions, usually of the liver and intestine. Mycobacterium peregrinum, a species of the Mycobacterium fortuitum group, was cultured on pooled samples of intestinal tract from 31 euthanized finches. These rapid-growing mycobacteria are saprophytic organisms that are generally not associated with clinical disease in immunocomponenet hosts. This is the first report of mycobacteriosis in finches implicating M peregrinum as a causative agent.  相似文献   

8.
Mycobacteriosis is an avian disease that is most commonly caused by Mycobacterium avium or Mycobacterium genavense. In order to optimize molecular laboratory tests for diagnosing mycobacteriosis in birds, we compared four methods of rapid DNA extraction with isolates of M. avium, M. genavense, and Mycobacterium fortuitum. DNA extraction methods included enzymatic lysis, boiling for 30 min followed by enzymatic lysis, four cycles of freezing and thawing followed by enzymatic lysis, and bead beating followed by enzymatic lysis. The DNA yield and purity for the four methods were evaluated by spectrophotometry and compared. The bead beating with enzymatic lysis technique yielded significantly purer and higher concentrations of extracted DNA compared with other DNA extraction methods. All four methods yielded extraction products for all three organisms that were successfully amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for a fragment in the 65-kD heat shock protein gene. Subjectively, the PCR amplification products were most abundant for samples extracted by bead beating with enzymatic lysis.  相似文献   

9.
Two male Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) died at the marine aquarium in Inagi City, Tokyo, Japan. Acid-fast bacteria were demonstrated in tuberculoid nodules in the lungs from both manatees. Mycobacterium marinum and M. fortuitum were isolated from one manatee; M. marinum and M. kansasii were cultured from the second animal. This report confirms the pathogenicity and potentially fatal outcome of mycobacterial infection in manatees. In addition, the pathologic response to infection with these mycobacteria in manatees is similar to that associated with Mycobacterium spp. in other animals.  相似文献   

10.
Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and Nocardiae can cause severe or refractory infections in cats and dogs. Prolonged antibacterial therapy is required to cure these infections. As fluoroquinolones have been used in combination therapy for treating RGM infections, isolates from the Mycobacterium smegmatis cluster (n=64), Mycobacterium fortuitum cluster (n=17), and M. mageritense cluster (n=2), collected from feline and canine patients, underwent susceptibility testing to pradofloxacin. The MIC(50), MIC(90) and tentative epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values as determined by microbroth dilution susceptibility testing that inhibited growth of the M. smegmatis and M. fortuitum clusters were 0.063, 0.125 and ≤ 0.25; and 0.125, 0.250 and ≤ 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. E-Test results showed similar trends but MICs were lower than those for microbroth dilution. In summary, pradofloxacin demonstrated effective in vitro activity against RGM isolates. Additionally, veterinary isolates of Nocardia nova (n=18), Nocardia farcinica (n=3) and Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (n=1) underwent microbroth dilution testing to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and pradofloxacin. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) of pradofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin that inhibited growth of Nocardia nova isolates were 2 (4), 8 (16), 16 (32) μg/mL, respectively. The tentative ECOFF values for pradofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were 32 μg/mL and for enrofloxacin 64 μg/mL. The MIC or MIC range for the three N. farcinica isolates of pradofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin were 0.25-0.5, 2 and 2 μg/mL and for the single N. cyriacigeorgica isolate were 1, 4 and 4 μg/mL, respectively. On the basis on these results, fluoroquinolones appear to have limited therapeutic potential for most Nocardia infections.  相似文献   

11.
Mycobacterium spp. and other pathogens were investigated in 258 swine lymph nodes (129 with and 129 without apparent lesions), and 120 lymph nodes (60 with and 60 without lesions) from wild boars (Sus scrofa). A total of lymph nodes from swine and wild boars were collected of different animals. Submaxillar and mesenteric lymph nodes were submitted to microbiological examination and colonies suggestive of Mycobacterium spp. (alcohol-acid bacilli) were submitted to PCR Restriction Assay (PRA). In swine with lymphadenitis, Mycobacterium spp. (24.1%) and Rhodococcus equi (13.2%) were the most prevalent microorganisms, while in lymph nodes without lesions were identified a complex of microorganisms, including of environmental mycobacteria. In wild boars with lymphadenitis, ß-haemolytic Streptococcus (10.0%), Mycobacterium spp (8.4%) and R. equi (6.6%) were the most frequent. Among mycobacterias were identified predominantly Mycobacterium avium subspecies type 1 (48.3%) and M. avium subspecies type 2 (16.1%), followed by Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium szulgai,Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum and Mycobacterium intracellulare type 2.  相似文献   

12.
A study to determine the secretion of Mycobacterium spp. in milk from indigenous cattle was carried out in pastoral cattle reared in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. The study was aimed at elucidating the dangers associated with milk-borne zoonoses in a society where milk is normally consumed raw. Out of 805 milk samples, 31 (3.9%) were positive for mycobacteria. There was a preponderance of atypical mycobacteria (87%) whereas only two isolates (6.5%) were confirmed as M. bovis. Atypical mycobacteria included: M. terrae (n=7), M. fortuitum (n=2), M. flavescens (n=13), M. gordonae (n=1) and M. smegmatis (n=4). Although the number of M. bovis positive samples was low, the habit of pooling milk may still pose great public health dangers to milk consumers in this part of the world. Moreover, isolation of atypical mycobacteria should also be considered to be a danger to human health in countries such as Tanzania, where the number of people with lowered immunity due to HIV infection is on the increase.  相似文献   

13.
This study investigated 339 cases of feline mycobacterial disease from cats with cutaneous lesions or masses found at exploratory laparotomy. Tissue samples were submitted to the Veterinary Laboratories Agency for mycobacterial culture over a 4-year period to December 2008. The study assessed which species of culturable mycobacteria were involved, where the cats lived, and their clinical presentation (physical findings, serum biochemistry, radiography, feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus status). Mycobacterium microti was cultured from 19%, Mycobacterium bovis 15%, Mycobacterium avium 7%, non-M avium non-tuberculous mycobacteria 6%, with no growth in 53% of samples. M microti, M bovis and M avium were found in almost mutually exclusive clusters within Great Britain (GB) (ie, M bovis in South-West England/Wales/Welsh Border, M avium in eastern England and M microti south of London and in South-West Scotland). While differences were seen in the clinical presentation and distribution of lesions caused by the different infections, these were not sufficiently different to be diagnostic. Cats commonly presented with single or multiple cutaneous lesions (74%), which were sometimes ulcerated or discharging, located most frequently on the head (54%). Lymph nodes were usually involved (47%); typically the submandibular nodes. Systemic or pulmonary signs were rarely seen (10-16%). When a cat is suspected of having mycobacteriosis, accurate identification of the species involved helps to determine appropriate action. Our findings show that knowing the cat's geographic location can be helpful, while the nature of the clinical presentation is less useful. Most cases of feline mycobacterial disease in GB are cutaneous.  相似文献   

14.
A double antibody sandwich layer enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect Mycobacterium bovis. The ELISA detected M. bovis is pure culture at concentrations of 1 x 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) ml-1 and greater, compared to a minimum detection level of 1 x 10(6) CFU ml-1 for isolation techniques. Neither technique detected M. bovis at 1 x 10(4) CFU ml-1. The ELISA did not cross-react with common mycobacterial contaminants such as Mycobacterium avium intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex serotypes 18 and 42, M. terrae, M. fortuitum, M. flavescens and with Escherichia coli or Rhodococcus equi. Further work is needed to evaluate this assay in detecting M. bovis in tissues and the environment.  相似文献   

15.
Mycobacterium marinum, M. fortuitum and M. chelonae are the etiological agents of fish mycobacteriosis. Fish mycobacteriosis is a disseminated infection reported in more than 150 fish species and is usually accompanied by emaciation and death over a period of months to years. Granulomas are formed both externally and scattered throughout the internal organs. Treatment is in most cases unsatisfactory and the overall recommendation is to destroy the diseased stock, particularly since these pathogens are capable of affecting man as well as fish. Especially fish handlers and aquarium hobbyists are infected and the disease is mostly confined to the superficial, cooler body tissues, most often the extremities. Dissemination is apparently rare but has been reported.  相似文献   

16.
Summary. Purified-protein-derivative (PPD) extracts were prepared from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD-S), M. bovis (PPD-BS), M. avium (PPD-A) and M. kansasii (PPD-K), after killing the cultures with phenol. The reactions were assessed in guinea pigs sensitised to a range of mycobacteria, with a view to selecting a suitable pairing of the extracts to distinguish sensitivity due to M. tuberculosis or M. bovis from that due to other mycobacteria.
Sensitisation induced by M. bovis was best distinguished from others using PPD-S and PPD-A; for sensitisation by atypical mycobacteria, PPD-BS was better than PPD-S, used with either PPD-K or PPD-A, PPD-BS was more specific than PPD-S.
Using PPD-BS, PPD-A and PPD-K in a comparative test, 3 groups were recognised: those sensitive to M. bovis or M. tuberculosis (greatest reaction was to PPD-BS); those sensitive to M. avium, M. Intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum (greatest reaction was to PPD-A); those sensitive to M. kansasii, M. marium, M. gordonae and M. fortuitum (greatest reaction was to PPD-K).  相似文献   

17.
We evaluated by nested PCR reaction, different cow secretions from a herd with 48% of prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB), seeking to determine niches where Mycobacterium bovis could be found. Postmortem examination of 18 (75%) tuberculin reacting cows allowed demonstrates BTB-compatible lesions in six, all of them PCR positives in milk and four in colostra samples. Our results showed that up to 62% of the colostra analysed contained M. bovis DNA, whereas only 18% of milk gave a positive reaction. Moreover, in bronchoalveolar lavages from cattle with compatible lesions in lungs or lymph nodes, where macrophages account up to 90% of cells, we did not find evidences of M. bovis. Altogether, these results suggest that differences in the anti-bacterial capacity of bovine macrophages, dependent upon microenvironment and organ-specific factors, exist. Alternatively, we hypothesize that hypoxic conditions that are encountered in mammary glands macrophages could induce M. bovis entrance into a 'dormancy-like' state, and that the high number of colostra samples were M. bovis was detected, could be an indicator of reactivation during 'peripartum'.  相似文献   

18.
The efficacy of the lymphocyte blastogenesis and complement-fixation tests and fecal culture for detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection was assessed in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (O virginianus), bighorn X mouflon (O musimon) hybrid sheep, and domestic sheep. Spontaneously infected bighorns were tested at the time of capture; experimentally infected animals were tested monthly for 12 months or periodically for 36 months. Lymphocyte blastogenesis tests were conducted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells and protein antigens of M avium, M bovis, and M paratuberculosis. Best diagnostic results were obtained when M avium purified-protein derivative was used as antigen and 20% bovine fetal serum was incorporated in the culture medium; a positive test was defined as a stimulation index greater than or equal to 3.5. Test sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were 82% and 94% in hybrid sheep and were 72% and 100% in domestic sheep. Sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were 39% and 94% in elk and 53% and 92% in deer. When infection was determined in spontaneously infected bighorns by culture of M paratuberculosis and/or the presence of acid-fast bacilli in characteristic microscopic lesions, sensitivity was 75% and specificity was 87%. Fecal cultures and the complement-fixation tests seldom correctly identified infected animals.  相似文献   

19.
In Chad, during a study on tuberculosis in humans and cattle, 52 non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) strains were isolated. By means of INNO-LiPA, PRA-hsp65 amplification and sequencing of 16S rDNA, NTM species of 25/52 isolates were identified. M. fortuitum complex (8) was the most frequent species, followed by M. nonchromogenicum (4) and M. avium complex (4). PRA method could identify M. fortuitum 3rd variant among isolates derived from cattle specimens. This finding could confirm the existence of farcy in the Chadian cattle population as M. fortuitum 3rd variant and putitative pathogen M. farcinogenes can't be distinguished by the methods used in this study. Half of the NTM isolates could not be specified and we considered them as contaminants from the environment.  相似文献   

20.
Sera from experimentally infected rabbits were used to test the specificity of the fluorescent antibody test. It was possible using mono-specific sera to differentiate antigenically Mycobacterium phlei, M fortuitum, M smegmatis, M avium, M intracellulare, M bovis (BCG) and M johnei. The cross-reactivity within the M avium and M intracellulare group was such that one antigen from these groups would detect infection within that group and exclude M johnei infection. The M phlei growth factor independent strain M johnei 316F was shown to be antigenically distinct from a M phlei dependent strain 9N96. There was loss of specificity when M avium infection was superimposed on a previous M johnei infection and when M johnei infection was superimposed on M avium infection.  相似文献   

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