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1.
生态农村的内涵及其建设方法初探 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
生态农村的概念是随着农村生态环境的恶化而出现的,然而,有关生态农村的概念还远没有达到人所公认的程度。本文剖析了生态农村巨系统的层次内涵,认为生态农村包括生态产业、生态技术、生态制度和生态文明4个层次。最后提出了进行生态农村建设的几条建议。 相似文献
2.
西安市生态安全的时空变化预测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文改进了生态足迹方法,提出了生态压力指数的概念,并在此基础上建立了生态安全评价指标体系。利用该指标体系对1991—2003年西安市的生态安全进行了评价。结果表明：1991年西安市的生态安全分为3类,即生态安全区域,生态压力指数为Ⅰ级,包括周至县和蓝田县;生态预警区域,生态压力指数为Ⅱ级,包括户县、长安、临潼和高陵县;生态不安全区域,生态压力指数为Ⅲ级,包括西安市区和阎良区。1991后西安市各县区的生态环境演进态势可分为3种情况：一是生态压力指数下降,生态好转的区域,如周至、蓝田、户县、高陵县;二是生态压力指数上升,生态恶化的区域,如长安和临潼;三是生态压力指数稳定,生态基本没有变化的区域,如西安市区、阉良区。到2003年,周至县、蓝田县依旧属于生态安全区;户县和高陵县由生态预警区变为生态安全区,长安区和临潼区却由生态预警区变为生态不安全区;西安市区和阎良区依旧为生态不安全区。因此,2003年西安市的生态安全分为2种类型,生态安全区和生态不安全区,生态预警区消失。 相似文献
3.
绥宁县国家级生态示范区可持续发展度量探析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用生态足迹理论与方法，对绥宁县国家级生态示范区可持续发展进行度量分析结果表明，2001年绥宁县人均生态足迹为1．517888hm^2，人均生态足迹供给（生态承载力）为1．286877hm^2，人均生态赤字为0．231011hm^2，绥宁县生态经济发展处于不可持续状态；其2005年、2015年生态足迹分别为1．343577hm^2、1．328835hm^2，生态承载力分别为1．320071hm^2、1．423893hm^2，生态盈亏分别为-0．023506hm^2、0．095058hm^2，万元GDP生态足迹值分别为2．46hm^2、0．83hm^2，生态承载发展度分别为0．98、1．07。实施生态示范区建设可使该县生态赤字、万元GDP生态足迹值逐渐减小，生态承载发展度逐渐增大并达1左右，能源消费结构逐渐优化，资源得到合理利用，社会经济迈入可持续发展轨道。 相似文献
4.
河北省2006年生态足迹和生态承载力分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
利用生态足迹模型对河北省2006年的生态足迹、生产足迹、生态承载力进行了计算和比较.结果表明,2006年河北省人均生态承载力为0.468 3 ghm2,人均生态足迹为2.189 7 ghm2,人均生态赤字为1.721 4 ghm2,人均生产足迹为3.436 3 ghm2,生态足迹强度指数为4.675 8,基于消费的河北省生态足迹多样性为0.837 4,基于生态承载力的河北省生态足迹多样性为0.988 0,基于生态承载力的河北省社会发展指数为0.462 7,基于生产消费的河北省社会发展指数为1.833 8,万元GDP生态足迹为1.290 9 ghm2,河北省的生态贸易赤字为-1.246 6 ghm2,生态耗竭值为2.794 3 ghm2.表明河北省生态经济系统处于生态耗竭、不可持续状态,生态多样性低,生态经济发展能力较差,经济发展属于高能源消费型.河北省只有改革产业结构,转变经济发展方式,建立节能降耗机制,才能实现可持续发展及对自然资源的合理利用. 相似文献
5.
关于生态修复若干概念与问题的讨论 总被引：44，自引：4，他引：44
开展生态修复研究与实践 ,应理清环境、生态、环境生态、生态恢复、生态建设、生态工程等与之相关的一些概念及科学内涵 ,避免概念上的混乱。我国的生态工程与国外的环境生态修复和生态恢复有较大差别 ,将生态学应用于农林水等生产领域 ,是我国生态工程研究与实践的突出特点。流域生态修复是今后生态修复的发展方向 ,水土保持工程是建设项目生态修复的主体 ;当前亟待开展生态修复机理、生态修复潜力、生态修复指标体系等方面的研究 相似文献
6.
基于生态足迹的雅安市土地生态安全研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以雅安市1999-2006年的统计数据为基础,利用生态足迹理论与方法,对雅安市的生态足迹、生态承载力、生态赤字进行了研究,对雅安市的生态安全情况进行了评价.结果表明:雅安市人均生态足迹从1999年的1.068 hm2增加到2006年的1.657 hm2,而同期的人均生态承载力则由0.925 hm2下降到0.833 hm2,人均生态赤字由0.143 hm2增大为0.825 hm2,生态压力指数由0.858上升为1.126;万元GDP生态足迹在1.87～2.78 hm2之间上下波动,平均值为2.212 hm2.研究期内雅安市的人均生态足迹超出了人均生态承载力,表现出巨大的生态赤字,且生态赤字基本上呈直线上升趋势,雅安市的经济社会发展处于不可持续状态,土地生态系统始终处于超负荷和不安全的状态.这为揭示区域土地生态安全的本质提供一定参考,同时也指出协调人口、资源和区域经济发展可缓解这种不安全状态. 相似文献
7.
基于RS与GIS的生态用地评价——以辽宁省大洼县为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生态用地评价是当前生态环境保护与土地利用规划领域重要的研究内容。本文根据研究区自然条件、社会经济状况、土地利用特点和生态保护要求, 借助RS和GIS技术, 在建立基于生态服务功能的生态用地分类体系的基础上, 从生态服务功能和生态敏感性2个方面选取合适的生态用地评价指标, 采用层次分析和专家咨询相结合的方法确定评价因子权重, 合理划分评价单元, 采用指数和法对辽宁省大洼县生态用地进行了定量评价。结果表明, 大洼县生态用地划分为禁止开发生态用地、限制开发生态用地和可适当开发生态用地3个类别。其中, 禁止开发生态用地面积为14 695.97 hm2, 占生态用地总面积的27.13%; 限制开发生态用地面积为25 185.49 hm2, 占生态用地总面积的46.50%; 可适当开发生态用地面积为14 281.84 hm2, 占生态用地总面积的26.37%。这3种生态用地类型有其自身特点, 在土地利用开发过程中应采取相应的生态保护措施。研究结果将为区域生态用地保护、生态环境与人地关系的改善以及新一轮土地利用规划修编提供重要的数据参考与科学依据。 相似文献
8.
生态足迹是衡量一个国家或地区可持续发展程度的一种方法,可定量反映人类活动对生态环境的影响和破坏程度。利用生态足迹模型,采用多源数据,以福州市经济技术开发区为例,评价人类活动对其生态环境的影响作用。分别计算了流域生态足迹、生态承载力、生态赤字以及万元GDP生态足迹,并分析其生态安全。结果表明生态足迹不断增加,且渐高于当地的生态承载力,呈现赤字,同时生态压力处于不安全状况,生态经济协调性差,生态环境处于不平衡状态,说明现有的可持续发展模式面临考验,社会经济与生态环境承受力不相协调。对此,提出了有利于该区生态、经济、环境协调发展的具体生态恢复对策和措施。 相似文献
9.
基于GIS和EF模型的小流域生态安全动态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陈世发 《山西水土保持科技》2010,(3):1-5
生态足迹是衡量一个国家或地区可持续发展程度的一种方法,定量反映人类活动对生态环境的影响和破坏程度。基于GIS和生态足迹模型,采用多源数据,以红壤退化严重的福建省朱溪河流域为例,分别计算了流域生态足迹、生态承载力、生态赤字以及万元GDP生态足迹,并分析其生态安全。结果表明,生态足迹不断增加,且渐高于当地的生态承载力呈现赤字,生态压力处于不安全状况,生态经济协调性差,万元GDP生态足迹则呈下降趋势,社会经济与生态环境承载力不相协调。针对此,提出了有利于红壤退化地综合治理及其生态、经济、环境协调发展的具体生态恢复对策与措施。 相似文献
10.
公路建设的生态影响与生态公路建设 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
在分析公路建设对生态环境影响的基础上,引出生态公路的概念.并从2个方面即生态破坏发生前和生态破坏发生后,指出生态公路建设的基本内容,同时介绍目前在公路建设中较为常见的2种生态恢复技术. 相似文献
11.
Karst groundwater (the water in a karst aquifer) is a major water resource in many regions of some countries. Water requirements for most of the settlements in the karstic regions are supplied from karst aquifers. Karst environments are also used for the disposal of liquid and solid domestic agricultural, and industrial wastes, which result in karst groundwater pollution. Karst aquifers have specific hydraulic and hydrogeologic characteristics that render them highly vulnerable to pollution from human activities. Karst groundwater becomes polluted more easily and in shorter time periods than water in non-karstic aquifers. Thus, protection measures are required to preserve the quality and quantity of karst groundwater that specifically consider the vulnerability of the karst environment. In order to preserve karst groundwater, the geological, hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics of the karst area must be investigated and information on polluting activities and sources must be collected. Then, a comprehensive protection and control system must be developed consisting of the following six components: (1) develop and implement a groundwater monitoring system, (2) establish critical protection zones, (3) develop proper land use strategies, (4) determine the reasonable development capacity of the karst aquifer, (5) control and eliminate when necessary sources of pollution, (6) increase public awareness of the value and vulnerability of karst aquifers. 相似文献
12.
辽河三角洲湿地在特殊的地理环境、自然条件和人类活动的共同作用下而形成的独特的湿地生态旅游资源景观。基于辽河三角洲湿地生态系统的脆弱性和敏感性,为了谋求区域经济的持续发展和区域生态环境的良性运行,必须缓解湿地旅游和环境保护之间的矛盾。探讨了湿地保护与旅游开发的辨证统一关系,分析了辽河三角洲湿地旅游开发的优势与不足,提出了辽河三角洲湿地生态旅游和生态保护的有效措施。 相似文献
13.
Moio L Ugliano M Genovese A Gambuti A Pessina R Piombino P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(4):891-897
Two vinification methods involving different degrees of antioxidant protection of Falanghina must during prefermentative steps, and referred as HAMP (high antioxidant must protection) and LAMP (low antioxidant must protection), were compared in terms of fermentation performances of four different yeast strains, composition of the volatile fraction of wines at the end of alcoholic fermentation, and shelf life of wines during storage. The use of HAMP technology resulted in wines with lower volatile acidity and higher concentrations of medium-chain fatty acid ethyl esters, acetates, and volatile fatty acids. For two of the four strains a lower concentration of isoamyl alcohol was also observed. HAMP wines also revealed increased shelf life because of the higher concentration of odor active esters at the end of storage and better preservation of varietal aromas. 相似文献
14.
长江三角洲地区地表水污染的模式与对策 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
On the basis of field investigations, observations and experimental data combined with environmental monitoring information, the status and the spatial and temporal patterns of surface water pollution over thepast ten years in the Yangtze River Delta have been assessed. The water quality of large rivers is still verygood but most of the medium-sized and small rivers have been very seriously polluted. The appearance of black and odorous conditions in rivers in the urban areas has increased due to serious pollution by organic matter with consequent high oxygen demand. Annual increases in N and P concentrations in lakes haveaccelerated eutrophication. The water quality of rivers in small towns is rapidly deteriorating. The mainsources of surface water pollution include industrial and domestic sewage, animal manures, chemical fertilizersin farmland, and polluted sediments in rivers and lakes.Counter measures against these sources of pollution are presented. Regional laws and regulations for protection of surface waters and their enforcement are urgently required. A regional water environmental management agency should be established. The construction of sewage treatment plants of varying capacity must be accelerated to increase the proportion of sewage treated and to improve the quality of treated effluent. Animal wastes must be recycled effectively and efficiently, and the application rates of fertilizers and manures must be balanced with crop nutrient requirements to prevent diffuse pollution from agriculture. The comprehensive rehabilitation of medium-sized and small rivers should be intensified, and the delimitation and protection of the areas used as sources of drinking water should be strengthened. 相似文献
15.
Soil protection for a sustainable future: options for a soil monitoring network for Ireland 
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下载免费PDF全文 The increased recognition of the importance of soil is reflected in the UN Post‐2015 Development Agenda with sustainable development goals that directly and indirectly relate to soil quality and protection. Despite a lack of legally binding legislation for soil protection, the European Commission remains committed to the objective of soil protection. However, the achievement of a legally binding framework for soil protection relies on the implementation of a soil monitoring network (SMN) that can detect changes to soil quality over time. As beneficiaries do not pay for the provision of soil information, the options for soil monitoring are limited. The use of existing data sets should be considered first. Using Ireland as an example, this research explored the opportunities for a SMN for Ireland considering three existing national data sets. The options for a SMN are considered in terms of their spatial and stratified distribution, the parameters to be measured and an economic analysis of the options proposed. This research finds that for Ireland, either a 10 or a 16 km2 grid interval stratified by land use and drainage class offers the best potential in relation to the spatial distribution of existing data sets to reflect local data at a national level. With existing data, the stratified SIS data using the 16 km2 grid offers the best value for money, with baseline costs for analysis, excluding field costs, of between €706 481 and €2.8 million. Acknowledging the impossibility of measuring all parameters with ideal frequency, this study proposes a two‐tier system for optimized monitoring frequency. Parameters must anticipate future policy requirements. Finally, the implementation of a SMN must be accompanied by standardized methods, defined thresholds and action mandates to maintain soil quality within allowable limits. 相似文献
16.
中国已经加入了WTO,农业生产标准化是必然之路,但我国落后的植保机械和农药使用技术与之不相适应,带来了诸如农药有效利用率低、农产品中农药残留超标、环境污染等问题.植保机械不同于其他的农业机械,发达的欧美国家在上个世纪70年代就将植保机械列入特种农业机械行列,有其专门管理部门和机构.该文根据我国植保机械和施药技术的现状,提出了减少农药用量、保障农产品安全的关键在于改变我国植保机械和施药技术严重落后的现实,并提出解决相关问题的对策. 相似文献
17.
社会经济发展的可持续性是发展战略研究中的一个重要问题。河南省的小康社会建设必须认识自身的省情特点,采取积极措施,控制人口增长与提高人口素质,合理开发和利用自然资源,加强环境保护和生态建设,大力发展循环经济,走可持续发展道路,实现经济、人口、资源、环境协调发展的总目标。 相似文献
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三峡库区农业面源污染现状及其防治对策 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
简述了三峡库区农业面源污染现状及其成因 ,指出三峡库区农业面源污染的防治必须实施农业发展战略的调整 ,建立三峡库区农业面源污染预警监测网络系统 ,建设三峡库区可持续高效生态农业模式 ,实现农业生产标准化、清洁化和无害化 ,建立三峡库区江岸生物隔离带 ,强化农业环保立法。 相似文献
20.
Establishment of protected areas in different ecoregions, ecosystems, and diversity hotspots under successive political systems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Eva-Liis Tuvi Ain Vellak Ülle Reier Robert Szava-Kovats Meelis Pärtel 《Biological conservation》2011,(5):1726-1732
Protected areas are valuable tools for nature conservation but the effectiveness of reserve networks must be monitored continuously. Knowing the history of the establishment of protected areas can help to improve future conservation. We explore how different ecoregions, ecosystems and diversity hotspots have been incorporated in protected areas in Estonia during the last century. We found that the average rate of establishment of protected areas has been surprisingly constant despite profound changes in political systems. However, establishment of protected areas has varied regionally; an agricultural region in south-east Estonia has seen less protection, partly due to lower biodiversity. Wetland ecosystems were initially more placed under protection, whereas recently semi-natural grasslands have gained more attention. In contrast, farmland is under-protected. Surprisingly, biodiversity hotspots were no more protected than the national average. We consider how the development of a protected area network has been influenced by individual persons and public opinion under successive political systems. We suggest that simultaneous gap analysis of ecoregions, ecosystems and diversity hotspots provides a more complete picture than examining a single aspect. Therefore this study can be used as a model for other regions. 相似文献