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1.
磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPC）是调控植物种子中蛋白质/油脂含量比例的关键酶。利用RT-PCR和RACE技术，从油用牡丹（Paeonia ostii）叶片中克隆得到1个PEPC 基因PaPEPC2（GenBank登录号为：MK606450）。其cDNA全长为3201bp，包含2898 bp开放阅读框，编码965个氨基酸。PaPEPC2 编码蛋白分子量为110.3 kD，理论等电点为5.65，属于酸性亲水性蛋白；二级结构预测表明，该蛋白的主要结构为α螺旋和不规则卷曲。氨基酸序列比对和进化树分析表明，PaPEPC2 基因编码的蛋白属于C3型PEPC，与葡萄的C3型PEPC蛋白（XP_002280569.1）亲缘关系最近。实时荧光定量分析表明，PaPEPC2 基因在茎、叶、花芽和子房中均有表达，其中在茎和子房中的表达水平最高，在花芽中表达水平最低；在种子发育过程中，该基因表达水平呈现先升高，后降低的趋势，其中在发育42 d时表达水平最高；在种子收获后，常温存放7 d时，该基因表达水平最高，随后其表达水平逐渐下降。由此推测， PaPEPC2 基因在油用牡丹种子发育和成熟过程中对油脂和蛋白的合成起阶段性调控作用。 相似文献
2.
本研究采用RT-PCR技术克隆了木薯叶绿素a/b结合蛋白基因MeLHCB4编码区序列。通过生物信息学对其基因结构、基因编码蛋白的理化性质等进行分析,并对不同物种的LHCB4氨基酸序列进行比对和构建进化树。结果表明,木薯MeLHCB4基因的CDs序列全长858 bp,编码285个氨基酸,蛋白理论相对分子质量约为30.9 kDa,理论等电点为5.47,该蛋白属于稳定的亲水性蛋白,预测该蛋白可能定位于细胞核或细胞质中。实时荧光定量PCR检测该基因的表达模式发现,MeLHCB4基因主要在木薯叶片和茎中表达,受到茉莉酸甲酯（JA）、水杨酸（SA）和乙烯前体（ACC）等激素的诱导表达,推测其可能参与了JA、SA、ACC信号途径。细菌性枯萎病病原菌侵染木薯叶片12 h后,MeLHCB4的表达量显著提高,表明MeLHCB4参与了木薯对病原菌的响应过程。 相似文献
3.
CONSTANS（CO）是光周期途径的核心调控因子,其可以整合光质和生物钟输出的信号调控植物成花。在前期转录组研究的基础上,设计基因特异性引物,通过RT-PCR扩增得到芒果的1个CO基因的cDNA全长,序列长度为678 bp,根据与拟南芥CO家族基因的相似性,将其命名为MiCOL6。生物信息学分析显示,该基因编码226个氨基酸,分子量为26.88 kDa,等电点为4.85,属于亲水性的非分泌蛋白。保守结构域和进化树分析显示,该基因仅含1个CCT结构域,属于CO基因家族的第4组;二级结构分析表明,该蛋白主要以无规卷曲和α-螺旋为主;亚细胞定位预测显示该蛋白定位在细胞质膜上的概率最大;不同花发育时期表达模式分析表明,MiCOL6基因在杧果的花芽分化期表达量最高。本研究结果为进一步研究芒果MiCOL6基因在芒果中的功能提供理论基础。 相似文献
4.
以巴西橡胶树根为材料，利用RT-PCR技术从总RNA中捕获到一个β-木糖苷酶家族基因(β-xylosidase 或β-D-xyloside xylohydrolase，EC 3.2.1.37)，cDNA长度2 880 bp，开放阅读框2 319 bp，编码773个氨基酸，命名为HbEC32。在HbEC32氨基酸序列中具有一个较强的跨膜区，二级结构分析表明其属于混合型蛋白。HbEC32在N端前8～20氨基酸区域内为较强的疏水区，但整条多肽链表现为亲水性。对15个β-木糖苷酶蛋白进行系统进化分析发现，巴西橡胶树的HbEC32基因与蓖麻亲缘关系最近。 相似文献
5.
为深入研究GhSPL1基因的功能,进一步探究SPL转录因子在植物生长发育过程中发挥的作用及其作用机制,利用生物信息学的手段,分析了棉花转录因子GhSPL1的基因结构和蛋白序列.生物信息学分析得到的结果是:GhSPL1蛋白质相对分子质量为109667.79 kDa,理论等电点(PI)是6.02,预测的总平均亲水性是-0.425,该蛋白的942 ～964位氨基酸为跨膜区,存在跨膜结构域.GhSPL1是一种具有亲水性的不稳定的酸性蛋白,没有信号肽,不是分泌型蛋白,不能在细胞中发生迁移;二级结构预测结果显示该蛋白主要是由α螺旋(30.09％)、延伸连(14.99％)、无规则卷曲(54.91％)构成;该蛋白三级建模得到的结果与二级结构预测的结果一致;GhSPL1基因在胚珠形成的第25天有较高的表达.综上所述,棉花中的转录因子GhSPL1在胚珠发育过程中发挥重要的调控作用,进一步研究棉花转录因子SPL在胚珠形成过程中的分子机制是挖掘功能基因的重要手段. 相似文献
6.
利用RT-PCR技术从‘琯溪蜜柚’中克隆得到1条PME（pectinmethylesterase）基因的ORF序列,命名为CmPME1。该序列编码一个含有582个氨基酸的蛋白质,分子量63.37 ku,该蛋白属于稳定的碱性亲水性蛋白。同源性分析表明：其编码的氨基酸序列与可可树（Theobroma cacao）、毛果杨（Populus trichocarpa）的同源性分别为76％、74％,与甜橙的氨基酸序列同源性高达99％。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,随着果实的发育,CmPME1的表达量逐渐升高,在花后170 d达到最高,然后逐渐降低,远中柱汁胞CmPME1的表达量高于近中柱。 相似文献
7.
核氧还蛋白(nucleoredoxin,NRX)是一类广泛存在于植物中的氧化还原调控蛋白。为探讨NRX基因在小麦发育调控过程中的生物学功能,利用生物信息学及RT-PCR方法,鉴定并克隆了小麦核氧还蛋白基因 TaNRX1,将其3个部分同源基因分别命名为 TaNRX1-2AL、 TaNRX1-2BL和 TaNRX1-2DL。序列分析显示,3个部分同源基因均包含4个外显子和3个内含子,且CDS序列高度一致(98%),分别编码576、580和577个氨基酸;蛋白特性分析发现,TaNRX1包含3个TryX_like_TryX_NRX保守域,属于植物NRXI亚类;三级结构预测显示,TaNRX1可折叠形成一个C型的特定空间结构,其中包含4个由反向平行β-折叠及外围α-螺旋构成的结构单元。利用qRT-PCR技术进行的时空表达特性分析显示,在籽粒发育过程中 TaNRX1基因整体呈下调表达趋势,但在小麦品种矮抗58籽粒发育过程中有两次表达回升出现,这可能与矮抗58具有较强的抗逆特性有关;在不同组织间 TaNRX1基因存在差异表达,其中在节间和穗下节中的表达量最高,在成熟种子中的表达量最低。 相似文献
8.
根据在香蕉果实抑制缩减文库中获得的1个14-3-3蛋白基因片段,采用PCR和RACE相结合的方法从香蕉(Musa acuminate L.AAA group cv.Brazilian)cDNA文库中筛选到其全长cDNA序列.序列测定和Blastx比对分析结果表明,该cDNA全长1 037 bp,含有1个完整的阅读框,其编码区编码261个氨基酸残基,具有植物14-3-3蛋白基因的保守结构域,并与其他植物来源的14-3-3蛋白具有很高的同源性,将其命名为Ma-14-3-36(Musa acuminate 14-3-3).采用遗传进化系统发育树的分析结果表明,Ma-14-3-36与来源于单子叶植物的多数14-3-3蛋白基因序列在同一个进化枝上.采用RT-PCR对其在香蕉果实发育不同时期的表达进行分析结果表明,在香蕉果实发育的不同时期差异表达,推测其可能在果实的发育中起作用. 相似文献
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SnRK2是一类植物特有的Ser/Thr类蛋白激酶。为研究其在蓖麻抗逆过程中的作用,基于蓖麻的基因组序列信息,利用生物信息学方法鉴定了6个蓖麻SnRK2蛋白激酶成员。分析发现这些蛋白具有亲水性属性,基因结构分析表明,植物SnRK2基因在进化过程中具有很高的保守性;系统与进化分析发现植物SnRK2蛋白在单、双子叶植物中分化显著,可能是独立演化的结果。高通量RNA-seq测序结果显示,大部分SnRK2基因在检测的各个组织中均有表达,且在不同组织间或种子发育的不同阶段没有明显的组织特异性;外源ABA处理种子后,Group 2的基因表达显著上调。进一步利用半定量RT-PCR技术检测外源(100μmol/L)ABA、(250mmol/L)Na Cl和(4℃)冷胁迫处理的幼苗,发现Group 2中的基因29908.m006067被这3种胁迫强烈激活,基因29772.m000313对ABA和冷胁迫有较强的响应。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献