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抗旱性不同的春小麦品种籽粒萌发期α-淀粉酶活性及其同工酶分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解春小麦萌发期生理生化变化对干旱胁迫的响应及为早期抗旱筛选鉴定提供科学依据,选用抗旱性不同的9个春小麦品种为材料,在20%聚乙二醇(PEG6000)干旱胁迫下和非干旱胁迫下进行萌发试验,研究了α-淀粉酶活性及其同工酶的表达.结果表明:1)在两种胁迫处理下,α-淀粉酶活性在品种间都存在着差异,但干旱胁迫下抗旱品种α-淀粉酶活性显著高于干旱敏感品种;2)α-淀粉酶活性与胚芽鞘长度之间呈显著正相关;3)在20%PEG6000胁迫下,抗旱品种α-淀粉酶同工酶受抑制较小,条带较多,胚芽鞘长度与主胚根长度受抑制较小.因此认为,抗旱品种在干旱胁迫下有着较高的萌发势,可能与具有表达α-淀粉酶同工酶的强势基因型有关;干旱胁迫下α-淀粉酶活性和r淀粉酶同工酶可以作为春小麦抗旱性筛选和鉴定的指标. 相似文献
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酸雨胁迫对大豆萌发种子糖代谢影响初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索酸雨影响大豆种子萌发机理,采用模拟酸雨处理大豆种子,研究酸雨对大豆萌发种子糖代谢的影响。结果表明:大豆种子的可溶性糖、还原性糖、蔗糖及淀粉含量,α-淀粉酶和淀粉酶活性均在pH2.0酸雨胁迫下受到抑制而降至最低,4种碳水化合物含量随酸雨胁迫强度的减弱呈上升趋势,α-淀粉酶对酸雨胁迫的敏感性低于淀粉酶,大豆萌发种子糖代谢对酸雨胁迫有较强适应。 相似文献
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目前,关于对萌发的大麦籽粒中糊粉层和盾片向淀粉胚乳分泌α-淀粉酶的相对作用有争议.许多研究表明,从无胚的"半粒种子"分离出的糊粉层,吸胀3天后经GA_3诱导,可合成并向培养基分泌大量具有活性的α-淀粉酶(Chrispeels等,1967;Filner等,1967;Paleg,1960).当整个籽粒经1天或数天的萌发,把它的胚乳分离之后,将离体胚乳进一 相似文献
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吸胀期低温与水分条件对油菜种子萌发的耦合效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨晚播油菜适宜播种的田间温度和水分条件,以华杂62和华双5号品种为材料,在土壤和PEG溶液两种介质中研究了吸胀温度与水势对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,吸胀期温度和水分条件对油菜种子的萌发具有显著影响。在5~15℃范围内,种子萌发活力随吸胀期土壤温度的升高而提高。在10℃和15℃下吸胀,土壤相对含水量为58.6%、水势为-0.1MPa时较适宜于种子萌发;在5℃低温下吸胀,适当降低土壤水势有利于种子萌发。华杂62种子具有吸胀冷害现象,在低温和高水势下吸胀,种子萌发活性降低,吸水速度加快,种子浸泡液K+渗漏量升高,而Na+渗漏量和Na+/K+比值降低。华双5号种子则具有较强的抗吸胀冷害能力,表现为在低温下吸胀受水势的影响较小。 相似文献
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低温下硅对春小麦种子萌发及抗氧化和渗透调节系统的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解硅缓解低温胁迫春小麦种子萌发的作用,以春小麦品种龙麦26和克旱16为材料,分析了低温条件下硅酸钠处理后春小麦种子萌发、渗透调节物质含量和保护酶活性的变化。结果表明,低温条件下硅酸钠处理后,春小麦种子萌发显著受到促进,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数提高,其中以1.0mmol·L-1硅酸钠处理效果最好;小麦种子α-淀粉酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性以及可溶性糖含量显著提高,丙二醛含量、外渗电导率和脯氨酸含量显著降低。说明外源硅可缓解低温对春小麦种子萌发产生的影响。 相似文献
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通过研究不同磁处理对盐渍条件下海滨锦葵种子萌发的影响,初步探讨了磁处理提高盐渍条件下种子萌发率的机理。结果表明:盐胁迫对海滨锦葵种子萌发具有强烈的抑制作用,外加磁处理可以不同程度上恢复种子萌发率,其中以600mT处理30min效果最佳。300mmol/LNaCl处理明显降低了种子淀粉酶和异柠檬酸裂解酶(ICL)活性,呼吸速率也明显下降,外加磁处理后淀粉酶活性有一定程度恢复,但效果不显著;异柠檬酸裂解酶活性则明显恢复,通过对该酶动力学常数Km以及Vmax进行分析,发现磁处理后ICL与底物亲和能力及酶促反应的最大速度均得到显著提升;种子呼吸速率也显著上升。为进一步探讨磁处理提高盐胁迫下种子萌发率的原因,实验同时设计了与NaCl处理等渗透势的PEG处理试验,结果显示,磁处理只提高NaCl处理组种子萌发率。上述实验结果暗示,磁处理可能通过影响盐胁迫后植物细胞内离子转移和分布的变化,进而引起与之相关的代谢酶类、生理活性发生改变,从而提高了盐渍环境下海滨锦葵种子的萌发率。 相似文献
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人工老化对大麦种子发芽特性及淀粉分解的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)老化种子在萌发过程中淀粉代谢的劣变机制,采用高温高湿(40℃、80%相对湿度)的人工老化处理方法,模拟大麦种子自然老化过程,研究老化处理对大麦(甘啤4号、垦啤7号、P12-8和9810)种子发芽特性及其萌发早期(0~72h)籽粒淀粉含量和淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)随着老化时间的延长,4个大麦品种的发芽特性指标均呈现逐渐降低的趋势。(2)随着萌发时间的延长,4个大麦品种籽粒内支链淀粉和直链淀粉的含量均逐渐降低,α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性逐渐升高。相同萌发时间段随着老化程度的加深,籽粒内支链淀粉和直链淀粉的含量均呈现波动式增加;α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性均呈现降低的趋势;与对照相比,不同老化处理大麦籽粒的淀粉酶活性差异显著。(3)未萌发籽粒中检测不到α-淀粉酶活性,却检测到活性很小的β-淀粉酶。(4)萌发48~72h时,各大麦品种不同活力水平的籽粒内,淀粉含量和种子发芽特性指标均呈极显著负相关,淀粉酶活性和种子发芽特性指标均呈极显著正相关。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献
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R. W. Summers 《Crop Protection》1989,8(6):451-454
One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed. 相似文献
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Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed. 相似文献
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为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为了寻找一种高效的荔枝果实瞬时基因表达方法,本研究以荔枝品种‘新球蜜荔’（Litchi chinensis Sonn. var. ‘Xinqiumili’）为试材,利用农杆菌注射法对荔枝果实组织进行转化,研究了果实发育时期、菌株种类、注射部位、取样时间、菌液浓度等对转化效率的影响。结果表明：选择果肉已完全包裹种子的Ⅱb期果实进行连体注射,在果柄、果皮、种子、果肉分别注入OD600值为2.4的农杆菌菌株GV3101,4 d后取样进行检测,4个组织的GUS染色率较高。本研究成功建立了适用于荔枝果实的基因瞬时表达系统,为今后快速鉴定荔枝果实相关基因功能提供了基础。 相似文献
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2020年10月17日,《中华人民共和国生物安全法》(以下简称《生物安全法》)通过全国人大常委会的审议,自2021年4月15日起施行.生物技术的研究与应用安全是《生物安全法》涉及的主要内容之一,基因编辑作为近几年生物技术领域的研究热点,其安全性评价和监管备受关注.本文概述了基因编辑技术的应用现状,比较了不同国家对基因编... 相似文献