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1.
木聚糖酶对肉鸡能量饲料养分利用率和表观代谢能值的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本试验通过肉鸡代谢试验考察木聚糖酶对玉米、小麦、麦麸和米糠的养分利用率和表观代谢能(AME)值的影响,确定木聚糖酶与不同能量饲料的定量关系.试验包括4个单因子试验,分别用玉米、小麦、麦麸、米糠进行代谢试验,每种饲料设5个处理,添加不同水平木聚糖酶,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1只鸡.试验结果表明:对于玉米,当木聚糖酶添加水平为1 500 IU/kg时,与对照组相比,干物质利用率提高了0.93%(P<0.05).对于小麦,木聚糖酶水平为3 000 IU/kg时,干物质、能量和蛋白质利用率提高幅度最大,分别提高了7.02%(P<0.01)、6.78%(P<0.01)和22.31%(P<0.05).对于麦麸,在木聚糖酶为6 000 IU/kg时,干物质和能量利用率提高幅度最大,分别提高10.14%和14.73%(P<0.01);在木聚糖酶为4 000 IU/kg时,蛋白质利用率提高157.31%(P<0.01).对于米糠,在酶水平为1 500 IU/kg时,米糠的蛋白质利用率提高了27.92%(P<0.05).适宜水平的木聚糖酶显著提高了小麦、麦麸的AME值.结果表明,玉米、小麦、麦麸、米糠中每克总木聚糖的适宜木聚糖酶添加量分别为35.38、27.01、30.21和18.27 IU,每克水溶性木聚糖的适宜木聚糖酶添加量分别为1 250、273.56、753.33和937.5 IU. 相似文献
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蛋白质饲料木聚糖含量及其体外酶解效果研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文通过体外酶解试验,考察木聚糖酶对豆粕、菜籽粕和棉籽粕的总木聚糖和水溶性木聚糖的降解效果,试图建立木聚糖酶与不同蛋白质饲料种类的定量关系.试验结果表明:①不同蛋白质饲料的总木聚糖和水溶性木聚糖的含量不同,豆粕、菜籽粕和棉籽粕的总木聚糖含量分别为5.62%、6.56%和8.20%;水溶性木聚糖含量分别为0.35%、0.97%和0.84%;②不同来源的3种蛋白质饲料的总木聚糖和水溶性木聚糖含量变异较小.在适宜的水环境中,菜籽粕的水溶性木聚糖含量显著增加,豆粕和棉籽粕的水溶性木聚糖变化不大;③木聚糖酶对3种蛋白质饲料的总木聚糖均有显著降解作用,对水溶性木聚糖有一定的降解作用,其中对菜籽粕的总木聚糖和水溶性木聚糖的降解作用均较大;以总木聚糖酶为标识,结合考虑成本,豆粕、菜籽粕、棉籽粕的适宜添加木聚糖酶水平分别为1 000、1 000和1 500 U/kg. 相似文献
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通过体外酶解试验,研究木聚糖酶对豆粕和菜籽粕的总木聚糖和水溶性木聚糖的降解效果,初步确定木聚糖酶的适宜添加水平。每种原料设4个木聚糖酶水平,每处理3个重复。结果表明:木聚糖酶对豆粕和菜籽粕中的总木聚糖和水溶性木聚糖含量有一定程度的影响,与对照组相比,差异显著;但各处理水平之间差异不显著。 相似文献
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木聚糖酶对不同木聚糖含量的仔猪饲粮养分消化率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验设计3个消化试验分别研究在3个饲粮木聚糖水平下添加不同剂量的木聚糖酶对养分表观消化率的影响。饲粮木聚糖水平分别为5.33%、6.47%和8.44%。每个消化试验(即每个木聚糖水平下)设5个处理,分别饲喂不添加酶的基础饲粮和添加4个木聚糖酶水平的饲粮。随着饲粮木聚糖含量的提高,木聚糖酶的添加量相应增加。结果表明:当饲粮木聚糖含量低于6.47%时,添加木聚糖酶对养分消化率没有改进作用,而当木聚糖含量高达8.44%时,木聚糖酶的添加对养分消化率有一定的改进效果。与不加酶组比,加酶组粗蛋白、有机物、钙、磷、酸性洗涤纤维和能量的平均消化率分别提高了2.92%、1.05%、5.80%、5.15%、2.36%和0.84%。 相似文献
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仔猪饲粮木聚糖水平与添加木聚糖酶对养分消化率的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
本研究包括2个消化试验,分别研究仔猪对饲粮木聚糖的耐受能力和添加木聚糖酶的效果。试验1:设计5个饲粮木聚糖水平。试验2:以含7.25%木聚糖饲粮为基础,分别添加0、720、1 440、1 880、5 760 U/kg木聚糖酶。结果表明:随着饲粮木聚糖含量的增加,能量、粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维、有机物、钙和磷的消化率下降;当木聚糖含量为8.44%时,养分消化率的降低达到了显著或极显著水平。回归分析表明,养分消化率与饲粮木聚糖含量之间呈较强的负相关,木聚糖酶的添加可以提高饲粮的养分消化率。由此得出:约15 kg体重的仔猪对饲粮木聚糖具有较强的耐受力,随着木聚糖含量的增加,饲粮养分的消化率呈不同幅度的下降;当木聚糖含量达到或高于7.25%时,添加木聚糖酶对养分消化率有一定的改进效果。 相似文献
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木聚糖是植物细胞中主要的半纤维素成分,具有抗营养作用。木聚糖酶是木聚糖的专一降解酶,可将木聚糖分解为木寡糖。在鸡饲料中添加木聚糖酶可以促进畜禽的生长,提高内源性消化酶活性和饲料转化率,破坏植物细胞壁从而促进养分消化吸收,改善肠道形态结构,减少肠道微生物数量,降低畜禽发病率。 相似文献
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青贮饲料与反刍动物日粮中木质纤维素占比高,直接进行利用会造成能量流失。酶制剂在青贮或日粮中应用广泛,通过酶制剂预处理可提高饲料的利用效率。木聚糖酶与其它酶制剂混合添加可有效降解青贮中的纤维含量,增加可代谢糖含量,有利于微生物生长,促进青贮发酵,进而提高青贮饲料的利用效率。在反刍动物日粮中,木聚糖酶可以辅助瘤胃微生物分解饲料中的纤维成分,改善瘤胃发酵环境,使反刍动物获得更多的能量来供其生长和代谢,进而提升反刍动物的生产性能。本文介绍了木聚糖与木聚糖酶,通过综述木聚糖酶在青贮及反刍动物日粮中应用,阐释了木聚糖酶在青贮与反刍动物日粮中的添加量、利用效果,为后续木聚糖酶的利用提供理论参照。 相似文献
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为更好地利用稻壳和麦麸,本试验将2者与新鲜玉米（Zea mays L.）秸秆按不同比例混合青贮,发酵60天后测定其青贮品质和营养成分,以期筛选出混贮的最佳比例。结果表明,与鲜玉米秸秆单独青贮（对照）相比,麦麸和鲜玉米秸秆混合青贮的干物质、可溶性碳水化合物和粗蛋白含量均显著提高（P<0.05）,但丁酸含量超过1%,发酵品质较差;与对照相比,稻壳与鲜玉米秸秆混合青贮的粗蛋白、可溶性碳水化合物含量和氨态氮/总氮的值均显著下降（P<0.05）;稻壳、麦麸与鲜玉米秸秆混合青贮的发酵品质与对照相当,但干物质含量显著提高（P<0.05）,且M1F1（5%麦麸+10%稻壳+85%鲜玉米秸秆）处理的Kaiser法评分最高。因此,建议将麦麸、稻壳和鲜玉米秸秆按5∶10∶85的鲜重比混合青贮。 相似文献
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小麦中的戊聚糖含量及添加木聚糖复酶对鸡表观代谢能值和养分消化率的影响 总被引：21，自引：4，他引：17
本研究包括两个试验 :试验1测定了河南省9个主栽小麦品种豫麦49、豫麦47、高优503、郑州9023、豫麦34、皖麦38、内乡188、孟12和河北8901的戊聚糖含量 ,结果表明 ,9个品种的戊聚糖含量在6.25 %～8.23 %之间。试验2选取两个有代表性的品种内乡188和豫麦49 ,用64只小公鸡进行代谢试验 ,评定添加0.12 %木聚糖酶对鸡表观代谢能 (AME)值和养分消化率的影响。结果显示 ,木聚糖酶使鸡的表观代谢能 (干物质基础 )分别提高7.07 %(P<0.05)和6.53 %(P<0.01) ;干物质消化率分别提高7.10 %(P<0.05)和7.67 %(P<0.01) ;有机物消化率分别提高6.07 %(P<0.05)和7.23 %(P<0.01)。 相似文献
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S D?nicke O Simon H Jeroch K Keller K Gl?ser H Kluge M R Bedford 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1999,52(3):245-261
A complete two by two by four factorial design was used to examine the main effects of dietary fat type (10% soya oil or 10% beef tallow), xylanase supplementation (with or without Avizyme 1300 at 1 g/kg diet) and pentosan level (7.7 g/kg, 11.0 g/kg, 14.3 g/kg and 17.6 g/kg soluble pentosans, respectively, by varying wheat/rye proportions) as well as their interactions on intestinal chyme conditions, nutrient digestibility and nutrient utilization in male broilers. Nutrient digestibilities for the total digestive tract and at various sites of small intestine were measured during the period from day 18 to 20 of age and at day 21 of age, respectively, using a marker technique. Jejunal and ileal supernatant viscosity increased in an exponential manner as dietary pentosan concentration was increased. This increase was more pronounced in tallow fed birds but was also found in enzyme treated groups albeit at a much lower level. Xylanase activity was still detectable in the ileum of birds fed enzyme supplemented diets but its activity was found to decrease as dietary pentosan content increased. Digestibility of crude protein and that of some amino acids at the terminal ileum was decreased as dietary pentosan content was increased and significantly improved by xylanase addition. No fat effect and no interactions were detected at this site. In contrast, measurements made over the whole gastrointestinal tract showed significantly lower protein and amino acid digestibility values for tallow fed birds, and significant higher enzyme effects especially in diets with higher pentosan concentrations. Nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEN) content and net protein utilization decreased with increasing dietary pentosan content and were significantly improved by xylanase addition and were lower in tallow fed birds. Again, xylanase effects were found to be more pronounced for tallow fed birds and at higher pentosan concentrations. 相似文献
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本研究评估了低水平水溶性、碱提取戊聚糖和木聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能、器官发育和肠道内容物黏度、pH和微生物数量的影响。试验选择平均体重一致的1日龄肉仔鸡504只,随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复18只。对照组饲喂基础日粮、处理组饲喂基础日粮+40 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖、基础日粮+80 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖、基础日粮+40 mg/kg碱提取戊聚糖、基础日粮+80 mg/kg碱提取戊聚糖、基础日粮+2 mg/kg木聚糖酶、基础日粮+4 mg/kg木聚糖酶。结果:从第5~15天,对照组和处理组的体重、法氏囊、肌胃和肠道重量逐渐增加。与对照组相比,40 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖组体重、法氏囊、前胃和肠道重量的均值显著提高(P<0.05)。4 mg/kg木聚糖酶组法氏囊和肌胃平均重量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2 mg/kg木聚糖酶组较40和80 mg/kg碱提取物戊聚糖组显著降低了5~15 d回肠内容物黏度(P<0.05),2 mg/kg木聚糖酶和对照组5和10 d回肠和盲肠内容物pH最低(P<0.05)。40 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖组及2和4 mg/kg木聚糖酶组直肠乳酸杆菌数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),同时40 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖组直肠链球菌和大肠杆菌数量最低(P<0.05)。结论:在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加水溶性戊聚糖或木聚糖酶可以改善肉鸡体重,其中40 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖可以促进肉鸡器官发育。 相似文献
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Xiaoying Li Lihong Zhao Yu Fan Yaxiong Jia Lei Sun Shanshan Ma Cheng Ji Qiugang Ma Jianyun Zhang 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,5(1):37
Background
The current study was carried out to provide a reference for the control of mycotoxin contamination in feed ingredients and complete feeds for swine.Methods
A total of 55 feed ingredients, including 14 corn, 13 wheat bran, 11 soybean meal and 17 dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) as well as 76 complete swine feeds including 7 creep feeds, 14 starter feeds, 14 grower feeds, 18 grower-finisher feeds, 10 gestating sow feeds, and 13 lactating sow feeds were randomly collected from 15 swine farms located in the Beijing region of China from July to August 2011. Immunoaffinity clean-up, using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in combination with UV or Fluorescence Detection, was used for quantitative analysis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in the ingredients and complete feeds.Results
DON and ZEA were the most prevalent mycotoxins found. DON was detected at percentages of 93, 92, 54, 100 and 97% with a mean level of 1.01, 0.44, 0.05, 1.36 and 0.65 ppm in the samples of corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, DDGS and complete feeds, respectively. The detected percentages of ZEA were 100, 100, 54, 100 and 100 with mean levels of 109.1, 14.9, 9.2, 882.7 and 58.9 ppb in the same samples. In the wheat bran and soybean meal samples, the content of all four mycotoxins were below the maximum limits set by Chinese regulations while the percentage of samples that exceeded regulatory limits were 7, 57 and 7% for corn, and 7, 14 and 3% for the complete feeds for AFB1, DON and OTA respectively. DDGS showed the most serious mycotoxin contamination and the percentage of samples that exceeded regulatory limits were 6, 88 and 41%, for AFB1, DON and ZEA, respectively.Conclusions
This paper is the first to present data on the natural occurrence of AFB1, DON, ZEA and OTA in ingredients and complete feeds obtained from swine farms in China’s Beijing region. The data shows that feed ingredients and complete swine feeds obtained from these farms are most often contaminated with DON followed by contamination with AFB1 and ZEA. 相似文献16.
《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2017,(2)
Background: The current study was carried out to provide a reference for monitory of aflatoxin B_1(AFB_1),zearalenone(ZEN) and deoxynivalenol(DON) contamination in feed ingredients and complete feeds were collected from different Province in China from 2013 to 2015.Methods: A total of 443 feed ingredients, including 220 corn, 24 wheat, 24 domestic distillers dried grains with soluble(DDGS), 55 bran, 20 wheat shorts and red dog, 37 imported DDGS, 34 corn germ meal and 29 soybean meal as well as 127 complete feeds including 25 pig complete feed(powder), 90 pig complete feed(pellet), six duck complete feed and six cattle complete feed were randomly collected from different Province in China,respectively, by high-performance chromatography in combined with UV or fluorescence analysis.Results: The incidence rates of AFB_1, ZEN and DON contamination of feed ingredients and complete feeds were80.8, 92.3 and 93.9 %, respectively. The percentage of positive samples for DON ranged from 66.7 to 100 %.Domestic DDGS and imported DDGS presented the most serious contamination AFB_1, ZEN and DON contamination levels of feeds ranged from 61.5 to 100 %, indicated that serious contamination over the studied 3-year period.Conclusion: The current data provide clear evidence that AFB_1, ZEN and DON contamination of feed ingredients and complete feeds in different Province in China is serious and differs over past 3-year. The use of corn, domestic DDGS, imported DDGS and corn germ meal, which may be contaminated with these three mycotoxins, as animal feed may triggered a health risk for animal. Feeds are most contaminated with DON followed by ZEN and AFB_1.Mycotoxins contamination in feed ingredients and complete feeds should be monitored routinely in China. 相似文献
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采用短期人工瘤胃发酵技术,研究瘤胃混合微生物对糠麸类饲料中植酸磷的降解作用。试验采集3头健康泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃液,以不同来源稻糠、玉米麸、麦麸饲料为底物,测定厌氧发酵3、12、24、48和72 h饲料植酸磷的消失率。结果表明:1)糠麸类饲料植酸磷消失率均随发酵时间的延长而增加,并且在发酵至24 h时,植酸磷消失率趋于90%以上。2)不同来源的同种糠麸类饲料间植酸磷的潜在降解率和降解速率明显不同。3)3种糠麸类饲料比较发现,麦麸饲料的植酸磷潜在降解率可达到100%(P<0.000 1),而玉米麸(95.58%)与稻糠(96.82%)饲料间差异不显著(P>0.05),植酸磷降解速率呈现为稻糠>玉米麸>麦麸(P<0.000 1)。由此可见,瘤胃混合微生物能很好地降解富含植酸磷的糠麸类饲料,且降解作用在不同饲料间存在一定的差异。 相似文献
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采用体外瘤胃发酵试验结合动态产气实时记录技术,分析了添加植酸酶对瘤胃微生物降解和利用糠麸饲料的功效。试验采集3头健康泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃液,以稻糠、玉米麸和麦麸为底物,测定对照组和加酶组(5 U/g植酸酶)发酵72 h的累积产气量、发酵动力学参数和和瘤胃发酵特性指标。结果表明,添加5 U/g植酸酶并不能显著影响稻糠、玉米麸和麦麸的体外干物质消化率、培养液中氨态氮浓度以及发酵的产气量(72 h累积产气量和理论最大产气量)(P>0.050 0),但却能显著降低发酵的产气速率及达到最大产气量1/2时的产气速率(P<0.050 0),显著提高培养液总挥发性脂肪酸浓度(P<0.050 0),总挥发性脂肪酸浓度增幅由高至低依次为麦麸(4.2%)、稻糠(3.3%)和玉米麸(1.7%),除可显著提高异丁酸含量(P<0.050 0)外,对乙酸、丙酸、丁酸等主要挥发性脂肪酸的含量的影响不显著(P>0.050 0)。总之,稻糠、玉米麸和麦麸间体外瘤胃发酵特性存在差异,添加植酸酶可在一定程度上促进瘤胃微生物发酵释放出更多的挥发性脂肪酸,提高瘤胃微生物对饲料中能量物质的发酵利用效率。 相似文献