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山楂（Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.)遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR标记分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用RAPD和ISSR标记对35份山楂（Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.）资源进行了DNA多态性分析。12个RAPD引物共扩增出110条清晰的谱带,其中89条显示多态性,平均每个引物扩增出7.4条多态性谱带。13个ISSR引物共扩增出110条清晰的谱带,其中94条显示多态性,平均每个引物扩增出7.2条多态性谱带。基于RAPD和ISSR标记,利用UPGMA分别构建了35份山楂资源的聚类树状图。距离系数分别为0～0.62（RAPD）和0～0.64（ISSR）,表明山楂具有较高的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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RAPD在枇杷品种鉴定中的应用 总被引：32，自引：7，他引：32
运用RAPD(RandomAmplifiedPolymorphicDNA,即随机扩增多态性DNA)分析技术,对16个枇杷品种的基因组DNA进行RAPD分析,从几个随机引物中筛选出2个随机引物能从各个品种的基因组DNA扩增出DNA片段,在16个枇杷品种中2个引物扩增出19个DNA片段,其中3个为公共,16个为多态性或单态性DNA片段,表明不同枇杷品种基因型间存在着极为丰富的遗传多样性,扩增的DNA指纹图谱可将16个品种一一区分,为枇杷品种鉴定提供了新的方法,同时也为分子标记辅助育种提供了依据。 相似文献
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RAPD技术在果树上的应用及问题与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
RAPD技术在1990年时,美国du Poun公司的williams和welsh同时发展起来的一种随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA,简称RAPD)分子标记技术,该技术的发展和应用时间很短,但由于该技术具有检测DNA多态性的独特方式,以及快速和简便等特点,所以很快应用于基因组研究的许多方面。1 RAPD技术原理与RFLP的区别RAPD技术是根据DNA聚合酶链式反应技术(polymerase chain reaction PCR)为基础,由人工随机碱基顺序寡核苷酸为引物,对基因组DNA进行扩增而显示多态性的DNA指纹。扩增反应反需10 bp的单寡核苷酸做引物(核苷C… 相似文献
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美人蕉种质资源的RAPD分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用RAPD技术对美人蕉属4个种和52个品种的亲缘关系进行研究, 从125个随机引物中筛选出27个多态性较高的引物, 扩增出223条DNA带, 其中140条为多态带, 占62.78% , 平均每个引物扩增的DNA带数为8.26条。3个种和7个品种具有特异的位点, 可作为种质鉴定的依据。根据RAPD扩增结果建立美人蕉UPGMA聚类图, 在0.11处将56份种质划分为4类。分子聚类结果与形态分类结果基本一致, 4个种分属4个类群, 52个品种分为大花美人蕉和兰花美人蕉。对美人蕉品种分类和品种演化进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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随机扩增多态性DNA(Random AmplifiedPolymorphism DNA,RAPD),是Williams等于1990年发展起来的以PCR为基础的新型分子标记技术。基本原理是:利用一系列(通常数百个)不同碱基序列的随机引物(8～10bp)对基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,通过凝胶电泳分析扩增产物DNA片段的多态性。其中,每个扩增片段代表基因组上的一个位点,这些扩增片段多态性反映了基因组相应区域DNA多态性。RAPD所用一系列引物DNA序列各不相同,每一特定引物,在基因组DNA上都有其特定的结合位点;如果基因组在这些区域发生DNA片段插入、缺失或碱基突变,特定结合位点的… 相似文献
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中国枣属植物亲缘关系的RAPD分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用RAPD技术分析了原产我国的枣属14个种、枣的11个品种及1个外类群的DNA多态性。31个引物扩增出921条谱带, 919条(99.78% ) 表现出多态性。基于921个RAPD标记, 利用NTSYS软件计算Dice遗传相似系数, 并建立UPGMA聚类图, 结果表明: 在0.26阈值处将供试材料分为6类, 不支持前人根据单一性状对枣属属下组、系类群的划分; 枣和酸枣、蜀枣和山枣宜分别作同一个种处理, 同时提出枣种下宜划分为两个亚种, 并给出了新等级的学名; 支持将枣种下传统划分的变种并入原变种。 相似文献
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以15个产地人参种质资源为试材,采用RAPD和SSR分子标记技术对其遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明:2种分子标记均能揭示不同地区人参种质间的遗传多样性。共筛选出11条RAPD随机引物,平均每条引物可扩增出3~17条DNA片段,共扩增出104条清晰条带,多态性条带100条,多态性百分率为96.15%,揭示供试材料间遗传相似系数(GS)为0.505 3~0.989 5,平均值为0.760 4。筛选出5对SSR引物,平均每对引物可扩增出1~8条DNA片段,共扩增出38条清晰条带,多态性条带35条,多态性百分率为92.11%,揭示供试材料间遗传相似系数(GS)为0.400 0~0.960 0,平均值为0.742 1。RAPD和SSR标记的聚类分析在分类上稍有差异,但总体趋势一致,RAPD、SSR及RAPD+SSR均将样品聚为三大类,均能揭示它们之间的亲缘关系,为人参种质资源的收集与利用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Although carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is of great economic importance little is still known about the pattern of genetic variation within this species. Morphological characteristics based on 31 fruit and seeds of continuous characters determinant for agro-industrial uses, were compared with RAPD and AFLP markers for assessing genetic distances in 68 accessions of carob trees, from different cultivars, varieties and eco-geographic regions of Algarve. Eighteen selected RAPD primers applied to the 68 accessions produced a total of 235 fragments ranging from 200 to 2000 bp, of which 93 (40%) were polymorphic. Four AFLP selective primer combinations generated a total of 346 amplification fragments of which 110 were polymorphic. The average level of polymorphism based on four primer combinations was 31.8%. The phenetic trees based on RAPD and AFLP analyses gave high co-phenetic correlation values, and were found to be consistent in general with the analysis of morphological data, carried out on the same accessions. A number of RAPD and AFLP markers were found to be diagnostic for ‘Canela’ cultivar and 13 wild ungrafted trees. 相似文献
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河南境内桑叶葡萄种内形态和遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对河南省境内桑叶葡萄(Vitis ficifolia Bge.)的形态变异水平、遗传变异水平以及分布进行了研究。形态学分析结果表明,新梢、幼叶和成龄叶的17个性状中有10个性状在居群间存在显著或极显著差异,所有性状的变异系数在2.6%～54.7%,表明形态变异较丰富。SSR分析检测到69个位点,其中多态位点64个,多态位点比率(PPB)为92.75%,表明桑叶葡萄遗传多样性水平较高。居群间的遗传分化系数(GST)和Nei’s基因多样性指数分析显示,大部分遗传变异存在于居群内(分别为24.05%、11.83%)。 相似文献
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利用SCoT 标记对46 份芥菜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。从70 条引物中筛选出21 条用于PCR 扩增,共扩增出200 条条带,其中多态性条带140 条,多态性比率为70%。供试材料相似系数介于0.77～0.95 之间,平均Nei’s 基因多样性为0.198,平均Shannon 信息指数为0.301,平均多态信息含量为0.822 7。利用UPGMA 构建46 份芥菜种质资源的聚类树状图,在相似系数D1=0.780 处,可以将46 份芥菜种质分为两大类;而在D2=0.807 处,第Ⅱ类可进一步细分为5 个亚类。选出清晰的16 个多态性位点,构建46 份芥菜种质的SCoT 指纹图谱,结果由引物SP4、SP19、SP20、SP23、SP30 所构建的DNA 指纹图谱可将供试材料完全区分开。 相似文献
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15份葡萄种质亲缘关系的ISSR分析 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
利用ISSR标记对15份葡萄材料进行了基因组多态性分析,从60条引物中筛选出15条用于葡萄的ISSR扩增。共扩增出105条带,其中多态性条带91条,多态性百分率为86.7%。根据ISSR扩增结果,利用NTSYSpc2.10e软件进行Jaccard相似性系数分析,15份葡萄材料的遗传相似系数为0.27～0.75,平均遗传相似系数为0.471。通过UPGMA进行聚类分析,探索亲缘关系。在遗传相似系数0.39处,15份葡萄材料可分为2大类群。第1类包含7份山葡萄资源、2个山欧杂交品种,第2类包含3个欧亚种品种、2个欧美杂种品种和1个美洲杂种品种。由此可见,山葡萄与欧亚种、美洲杂种葡萄的亲缘关系较远,欧亚种与美洲杂种之间亲缘关系较近。 相似文献
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为了解沙棘种质资源的遗传多样性和品种间的亲缘关系,以24个大果沙棘品种为材料,利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)方法进行沙棘的遗传多样性分析。从120个随机引物中筛选出多态性丰富的18个引物用于扩增反应,在24个大果沙棘品种中检测到171个RAPD位点,其中多态性DNA带112条,多态位点百分比为65.5%,表明大果沙棘品种具有丰富的遗传多样性;在RAPD分析的基础上,对大果沙棘品种进行了聚类分析,结果表明,以相似系数0.58处作为分界,可将供试的24份大果沙棘种质分为4类。 相似文献
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P. Tantasawat J. Trongchuen T. Prajongjai W. Seehalak Y. Jittayasothorn 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
Genetic diversity and relatedness of 23 yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata spp. sesquipedalis) accessions and 7 accessions of a hybrid between cowpea (V. unguiculata spp. unguiculata) and yardlong bean (dwarf yardlong bean) in Thailand were estimated using morphological characters, simple sequence repeat (SSR) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. In addition, two mungbean (Vignaradiata (L.) Wilczek) and two blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) accessions were also used as outgroup species for molecular analysis. Five morphological characters were diverse among most accessions. However, five groups of 2–3 accessions could not be distinguished from one another based on these morphological characters alone. Unweighted pair-group arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis of these characters separated these 30 accessions into 2 major groups; the yardlong bean group and the dwarf yardlong bean group. Eleven of the sixteen SSR primers yielded clear SSRs, ten of which were polymorphic (90.91% polymorphism), detecting a total of 54 alleles with an average of 4.91 alleles per locus. These 10 polymorphic SSR markers successfully distinguished 28 yardlong bean and dwarf yardlong bean accessions. The polymorphic information content (PIC) among genotypes varied from 0.251 to 0.752 with an average of 0.597. Among the 16 ISSR primers used, a total of 312 ISSR fragments were amplified for these three Vigna species, revealing the polymorphism percentage of 91.03%. The average ISSR PIC value (0.197) with the range of 0.137–0.276 was lower than that of SSR. Nevertheless, the average marker index of this multilocus marker was 3.495, which was higher than that of SSR (0.669), owing to the differences in the effective multiplex ratio. In addition, Mantel test cophenetic correlation coefficient was higher for ISSR (0.566) than that of SSR (0.198). These results indicated higher efficiency of ISSR for estimating the levels of genetic diversity and relationships among yardlong beans and dwarf yardlong beans in this study. Pair-wise coefficients of SSR- and ISSR-based genetic similarity among all yardlong bean and dwarf yardlong bean accessions averaged 0.87 and 0.91, respectively, suggesting a narrow genetic base that emphasizes the need to broaden genetic diversity to ensure continued breeding success. Clustering of genotypes within groups was not similar when SSR and ISSR derived dendrograms from UPGMA analysis were compared. It appeared that ISSR was the most effective marker system in determining the genetic variability and relationships among yardlong bean and dwarf yardlong bean accessions and differentiating three Vigna species. In addition, ISSR was also most useful for variety identification since all 30 yardlong beans and dwarf yardlong bean accessions can be effectively distinguished by only four ISSR primers with the highest PIC values. 相似文献