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1.
HI JANG Min ZOU Ying-bin JIANG Peng XIA Bing Md Ibrahim AO He-jun 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2011,10(10):1537-1544
Chinese super hybrid rice breeding project has developed many new varieties with great yield potential.It is controversial which yield component should be emphasized in super hybrid rice production.The present study was conducted to compare super hybrid rice with common hybrid and super inbred rice and analyze contributions of yield components to grain yield of super hybrid rice under experimental conditions,and evaluate relationships between grain yield and yield components of super hybrid rice in farmer's paddy fields.Field experiments were done in Changsha,Guidong,and Nanxian,Hunan Province,China,from 2007 to 2009.Eight super hybrid varieties,one common hybrid variety,and one super inbred variety were grown in each location and year.Rice production investigation was undertaken in high-yielding (Guidong),moderate-yielding (Nanxian),and low-yielding (Ningxiang) regions of Hunan Province,China,in 2009.Grain yield and yield components were measured in both the field experiments and rice production investigation.Super hybrid rice varieties outyielded common hybrid and super inbred varieties across three locations and years.Yield potential has been increased by 11.4％ in super hybrid rice varieties compared with common and super inbred varieties.The higher yield of super hybrid varieties was attributed to improvement in panicle size.Panicles per m2 had the highest positive contribution to grain yield with the exception under yield level of 10.0 to 12.0 t ha-1,and was positively related to grain yield in farmer's field at all of the high-,moderate-,and low-yielding regions.Our study suggests that panicle per m2 ought to be emphasized in super hybrid rice production. 相似文献
2.
Comparisons of yield performance and nitrogen response between hybrid and inbred rice under different ecological conditions in southern China 
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下载免费PDF全文 JIANG Peng XIE Xiao-bing HUANG Min ZHOU Xue-feng ZHANG Rui-chun CHEN Jia-na WU Dan-dan XIA Bing XU Fu-xian XIONG Hong ZOU Ying-bin 《农业科学学报》2015,14(7):1283-1294
In order to understand the yield performance and nitrogen(N) response of hybrid rice under different ecological conditions in southern China, field experiments were conducted in Huaiji County of Guangdong Province, Binyang of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Changsha City of Hunan Province, southern China in 2011 and 2012. Two hybrid(Liangyoupeijiu and Y-liangyou 1) and two inbred rice cultivars(Yuxiangyouzhan and Huanghuazhan) were grown under three N treatments(N1, 225 kg ha–1; N2, 112.5–176 kg ha–1; N3, 0 kg ha–1) in each location. Results showed that grain yield was higher in Changsha than in Huaiji and Binyang for both hybrid and inbred cultivars. The higher grain yield in Changsha was attributed to larger panicle size(spikelets per panicle) and higher biomass production. Consistently higher grain yield in hybrid than in inbred cultivars was observed in Changsha but not in Huaiji and Binyang. Higher grain weight and higher biomass production were responsible for the higher grain yield in hybrid than in inbred cultivars in Changsha. The better crop performance of rice(especially hybrid cultivars) in Changsha was associated with its temperature conditions and indigenous soil N. N2 had higher internal N use efficiency, recovery efficiency of applied N, agronomic N use efficiency, and partial factor productivity of applied N than N1 for both hybrid and inbred cultivars, while the difference in grain yield between N1 and N2 was relatively small. Our study suggests that whether hybrid rice can outyield inbred rice to some extent depends on the ecological conditions, and N use efficiency can be increased by using improved nitrogen management such as site-specific N management in both hybrid and inbred rice production. 相似文献
3.
抽穗灌浆早期高温与干旱对不同水稻品种产量和品质的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
【目的】探讨在高温和干旱胁迫下不同水稻品种产量和品质形成的特点。【方法】常规中熟籼稻品种黄华占（耐热品种）和双桂1号（热敏感品种）与超级稻品种两优培九（两系杂交籼稻）和扬粳4038（粳稻）种植于盆钵,于抽穗和灌浆早期（始穗后0-10 d）设置高温（日最高温度为37.5℃）、干旱（土壤水势保持在-30±10 kPa）、高温+干旱3种处理,以同期自然温度且正常供水为对照。【结果】与对照相比,高温、干旱和高温+干旱3种处理均显著降低了各品种的花粉可育率、受精率、结实率和产量;降低了精米率、整精米率和崩解值,增加了垩白米率、垩白度和消减值。高温及高温+干旱处理对产量和稻米品质的影响,热敏感品种双桂1号大于耐热品种黄华占,两优培九和扬粳4038大于双桂1号和黄华占。干旱对产量和稻米品质的影响,热敏感品种大于耐热品种;双桂1号和黄华占大于两优培九和扬粳4038。高温、干旱或高温+干旱胁迫对产量和稻米品质的影响与其对根系氧化力、叶片光合速率和抗氧化保护酶活性的影响结果趋势一致。【结论】抽穗与灌浆早期高温或干旱胁迫对水稻产量和品质的影响在品种间存在很大差异,双桂1号和黄华占的耐热性强于两优培九和扬粳4038,两优培九和扬粳4038的耐旱性则强于双桂1号和黄华占。在高温或干旱胁迫下根系氧化力、叶片光合速率和抗氧化保护酶活性高是一些水稻品种保持较高产量的重要生理原因。 相似文献
4.
Comparative analysis on grain quality and yield of different panicle weight indica-japonica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 BIAN Jin-long REN Gao-lei HAN Chao XU Fang-fu QIU Shi TANG Jia-hua ZHANG Hong-cheng WEI Hai-yan GAO Hui 《农业科学学报》2020,19(4):999-1009
Indica-japonica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars showed high yield potential and poor tasting quality when compared with common japonica rice cultivars. Large panicle is a prominent factor of high yield for indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars, and the panicle weight varies greatly among different indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars. It is important to research on yield and grain quality of different panicle weight indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars. In this study, two different panicle types indica-japonica hybrid cultivars were used to research on the relation of yield and grain quality. The yields of two heavy panicle weights indica-japonica hybrid cultivars were significantly higher than that of two medium panicle weight rice cultivars. The cooking and eating quality and starch properties of different panicle type cultivars were evaluated. Yongyou 6715(medium panicle) and Yongyou 1852(heavy panicle) got the relatively higher cooking and eating quality. Rice cultivars with medium panicle weight had more large starch granules and higher relative crystallinity than cultivars with heavy panicle weight. Transition temperature and retrogradation enthalpy(ΔHret) of medium panicle type cultivars were significantly higher than that of heavy panicle type cultivars. There was no significant difference in amylose content among different panicle type cultivars. Protein content of heavy panicle type cultivar was higher than that of medium panicle type cultivar, and protein content is the main factor affect cooking and eating quality in this study. The cultivar Yongyou 6715 got the highest taste value with the lowest protein content. Thus, it is suggested that the emphasis on improving rice cooking and eating quality of indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars is how to reduce the protein content in rice grain. According to the results of this study, medium panicle type with high grain weight is the desired panicle type for high quality indica-japonica hybrid rice breeding. 相似文献
5.
《农业科学学报》2017,(5)
This study investigated if super rice could better cope with soil water deficit and if it could have better yield performance and water use efficiency(WUE) under alternate wetting and drying(AWD) irrigation than check rice. Two super rice cultivars and two elite check rice cultivars were grown in pots with three soil moisture levels, well watered(WW), moderate water deficit(MWD) and severe water deficit(SWD). Two cultivars, each for super rice and check rice, were grown in field with three irrigation regimes, alternate wetting and moderate drying(AWMD), alternate wetting and severe drying(AWSD) and conventional irrigation(CI). Compared with that under WW, grain yield was significantly decreased under MWD and SWD treatments, with less reduction for super rice than for check rice. Super rice had higher percentage of productive tillers, deeper root distribution, higher root oxidation activity, and greater aboveground biomass production at mid and late growth stages than check rice, especially under WMD and WSD. Compared with CI, AWMD increased, whereas AWSD decreased grain yield, with more increase or less decrease for super rice than for check rice. Both MWD and SWD treatments and either AWMD or AWSD regime significantly increased WUE compared with WW treatment or CI regime, with more increase for super rice than for check rice. The results suggest that super rice has a stronger ability to cope with soil water deficit and holds greater promising to increase both grain yield and WUE by adoption of moderate AWD irrigation. 相似文献
6.
【研究目的】以江苏省育成的两个重要的超级杂交水稻组合为材料,观察了在江苏省生态条件下超级杂交稻的物质生产及产量表现特征,分析了超级杂交稻组合产量潜力发挥的限制因子。【结果】结果显示,杂交稻组合不论在常规密度还是在稀植条件下均表现出较好的生产能力,其产量优势主要体现在大穗特征,但结实性未见明显改善,结实率偏低。常规高产品种在常规密度下也表现出较高产量水平,但在稀植条件下产量大幅下降。超级杂交稻的物质生产能力较汕优63有一定提高,特别是生育后期物质生产能力显著增强,明显改善了杂交稻抽穗后物质生产能力弱的劣势。无论正常密度还是稀植条件,超级杂交稻茎鞘物质运转率无明显变化,显示出明显的类型特征。【结论】从以上结果可知,超级杂交稻实现产量进一步提高的关键,在于确保较高的群体颖花量的前提下,增加结实期物质生产,实现结实率的突破。适当降低密度,可增加结实期的物质生产量,从而达到改善结实特性的效果。 相似文献
7.
冬水田杂交中稻超稀栽培增产的作用时期及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以杂交中稻II优7号为材料,通过不同疏穴时期、疏穴规格与施氮处理,研究了超稀栽增产的作用时期、影响因素与施氮方法。结果表明,超稀栽培增产的作用时期是栽秧后第5周以前通过提高成穗率获得大穗而增产,最高苗期是决定成穗率的关键时期;水稻生长中期群体光照条件是影响成穗率和穗部性状的主导因素,该期增施氮肥只有在光照条件好的情况下才有效果;在超稀栽培的较小群体下,于最高苗期施氮肥具有降低苗峰、壮苗大穗,促进成穗率的提高而增产的作用。 相似文献
8.
不同类型超级小麦品种小花分化及产量构成因素的相关性分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以山东省超级小麦项目组近几年育成的8个不同类型的超级小麦新品种(系)为材料,进行了小花分化历程的观察比较和在不同地力下产量及产量结构三要素的相关分析。结果表明:从小花原基初始分化到四分体形成期所经历的天数为31～37天,大穗型品种历时较长。小花分化的开始时间主要与品种抽穗期早晚有关,与品种类型关系不大。超级小麦的产量水平随土壤肥力提高而增加,在高肥地力下,中间型和大穗型品种增产潜力较大;在中肥和低肥地力下,多穗型品种产量较高。中间型品种的单位面积穗数、穗粒数和千粒重与产量的相关性最好,是超级小麦育种和高产栽培中最值得注意的类型。 相似文献
9.
畦沟灌溉和干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量与品质的影响 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21
【目的】探讨协同提高产量和稻米品质的灌溉技术。【方法】以扬稻6号（籼稻）和扬粳4038（粳稻）为材料,自移栽至成熟设置畦沟灌溉和干湿交替灌溉（水势达到-15 kPa再灌水）处理,以农民习惯灌溉为对照,研究不同灌溉方式对产量与品质的形成影响。【结果】与对照相比,畦沟灌溉和干湿交替灌溉提高了抗氧化保护酶活性、叶片光合速率、根系氧化力、根系中吲哚-3-乙酸和玉米素+玉米素核苷含量。畦沟灌溉和干湿交替灌溉的产量较农民习惯灌溉增加了6.16%—11.6%。畦沟灌溉和干湿交替灌溉还显著提高了稻米的糙米率、精米率、整精米率、清蛋白、谷蛋白以及稻米淀粉黏滞谱（RVA）的最高黏度和崩解值,降低了垩白米率、垩白大小、垩白度、醇溶蛋白含量和消减值。两品种结果趋势一致。【结论】畦沟灌溉和干湿交替灌溉可以显著提高产量并改善稻米品质,根系和冠层性能的改善是上述两种灌溉方式增加产量和改善稻米品质的重要原因。 相似文献
10.
不同肥料类型和处理对水稻氮肥农学利用率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用当前我省大面积种植的5个水稻品种,在7种不同施肥处理下进行裂区试验,探讨不同施肥类型与水稻产量和农学利用率的关系.结果表明:尿素+控失剂+饼肥配合施肥处理可以显著提高水稻的产量,平均较对照增产51.7%;该施肥处理还可以明显提高水稻的氮肥农学利用率,较尿素+饼肥施肥处理平均增加了20.1%;品种K优52和协优52在不同施肥处理下的平均产量和平均氮肥农学利用率均高于其它试验品种,分别为6.06 kg/667m2、10.3kg稻谷/kg N与6.10 kg/667m2、11.8kg稻谷/kg N.因此,控失剂的配合辅助施用可以提高水稻产量和农学利用率;K优52和协优52的平均氮素农学利用效率高于其它品种. 相似文献
11.
《农业科学学报》2017,(5)
Super rice breeding in China has been very successful over the past 3 decades, and the Chinese government has made great efforts to support breeding and cultivation of both conventional and hybrid super rice. In this review, we focus on the progress in and potential of super rice breeding. After the establishment of the breeding theory and strategy of "generating an ideotype with strong heterosis through inter-subspecies hybridization, by using gene pyramiding to combine elite traits through composite-crossing to breed super rice varieties with both ideotype and strong hybrid vigor", a series of major breakthroughs have been achieved in both conventional and super hybrid rice breeding. A number of new genetic materials with ideotype have been created successfully, and the Ministry of Agriculture of China has approved 156 novel super rice varieties and combinations for commercialization. During the Developing the Super Rice Varieties Program, great attention has also been paid to the integration and demonstration of the rice production technology. Collaboration between industry and university researchers has led to technological innovations and initiation of a demonstration system for super hybrid rice. With widespread cultivation of super rice with higher quality and yield, as well as resistance or tolerance to abiotic or biotic stresses, the yield of rice production per unit has reached a new level. In addition to increased quality and yield, hybrid rice breeding has also led to improvements in many other agronomic traits, such as resistance to pests and diseases, resistance to lodging, and optimized light distribution in population. Achievements in super rice breeding and innovation in rice production have made major contributions to the progress in rice sciences and worldwide food security. 相似文献
12.
超级杂交稻协优9308应用水稻强化栽培,移栽密度为15.3株/m2到6.9株/m2。产量以密度15.3株/m2最高,比对照增产10%,主要表现在增粒增产。移栽密度显著影响产量和每穗实粒数(R12=0.9917,R32=0.9339)。水稻强化栽培各处理密度之间比较,产量随移栽密度的下降而下降,主要是由于单株分蘖和有效穗的增加,导致平均穗型变小。单株最高苗数和有效穗数与移栽密度成显著的相关(R82=0.9594,R92=0.9506)。因此,在推广水稻强化栽培时应重视适宜移栽密度的选择及综合技术配套。 相似文献
13.
[目的]研究不同类型水稻品种产量构成因素与产量的关系,为水稻高产栽培提供理论依据。[方法]以在四川成都地区应用较多的超级稻品种和非超级稻品种为试验材料,研究不同类型品种连续 3 年(2006~2008 年)在高产栽培条件下的产量表现,分析其产量构成因素与产量的关系。[结果]水稻的产量与穗数、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重关系密切,对于不同的品种类型,4个因素对产量的影响存在差异。在10.5~11.25 t/hm2的产量目标下,通过中小苗三角形条栽模式研究结果显示超级稻的产量与穗数、千粒重关系密切,同时,与穗粒数呈负相关,与结实率呈显著负相关。非超级稻品种的产量与穗数、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重均呈负相关关系,且与穗数、千粒重呈显著负相关。[结论]该研究明确了不同类型水稻品种的产量构成因素与产量的关系,为合理制订高产栽培措施、充分发挥超级稻的产量潜力、实现水稻大面积稳产高产奠定了基础。 相似文献
14.
干湿交替灌溉对籼粳杂交稻产量与水分利用效率的影响及其生理基础 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】探明干湿交替灌溉对籼粳杂交稻产量与水分利用效率的影响及其生理基础。【方法】试验于2017—2018年在中国水稻研究所富阳基地皇天畈试验农场进行。以2个新选育的超高产籼粳杂交稻品种甬优1540和春优927以及2个当地高产粳型杂交稻品种常优5号和嘉优5号为材料,开展大田试验。自移栽后7 d至成熟期设置2种灌溉模式,分别为常规灌溉（CI）和干湿交替灌溉（AWD）。研究AWD对籼粳杂交稻品种产量形成以及水分利用效率的影响及其生理基础。【结果】与CI模式相比,AWD模式显著降低了2个当地高产粳型杂交稻品种的产量,降幅为12.3%—12.8%,但2个籼粳杂交稻品种的产量在2种灌溉模式间没有显著差异;AWD模式显著提高了4个供试水稻品种的水分利用效率,其中当地高产粳型杂交稻品种的增幅为5.9%—8.3%,籼粳杂交稻品种的增幅为13.7%—16.8%。与当地高产粳型杂交稻相比,籼粳杂交稻品种在AWD模式下获得相对较高的产量以及水分利用效率主要得益于其强大的分蘖发生能力、较高的群体颖花量和结实率、齐穗至成熟期较高的光合势与作物生长速率、齐穗后2次土壤落干期与复水期较高的根系氧化力、剑叶净光合速率以及籽粒中较高的蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶的活性。【结论】与当地高产粳型杂交稻品种相比,籼粳杂交稻品种在AWD模式下可获得更高的产量与水分利用效率;较好的根系性能（齐穗后2次土壤落干期与复水期较高的根系氧化力）和地上部植株较强的生理活性（齐穗至成熟期较高的光合势、作物生长速率、齐穗后2次土壤落干期与复水期较高的剑叶净光合速率以及籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性）是其在AWD模式下获得高产与水分高效利用的重要生理基础。 相似文献
15.
水稻光能辐射利用率与产量的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李迪秦 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,37(1):1-6
以超级杂交稻、普通杂交稻、常规稻各2个品种(组合)分2个播期进行试验,探讨水稻群体光能辐射利用率与产量的关系.结果表明:同一播期,超级稻产量最高;5月22日播种的超级稻产量与普通杂交稻和常规稻差异显著,且产量都高于6月17日的,超级稻产量最高的原因是有较高的颖花量.6月17日播种的水稻群体光能辐射利用率比5月22日的高... 相似文献
16.
高寒山区中稻超级杂交稻品种（组合）比较试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为筛选出适合高寒山区中稻种植的丰产性好、抗逆性强、米质优、熟期适宜的超级杂交稻新组合,2007～2008年在广西三江县对7个超级稻品种（组合）进行了比较试验。结果表明：7个超级杂交稻品种（组合）的产量较高,均达到7662.0kg/ha以上,其中以Ⅱ优航1号的产量最高,达8743.5kg/ha,其余依次为Y两优1号、中浙优1号、中浙优8号、扬两优6号、新两优6号、Q优6号。从产量构成看,7个超级稻品种（组合）均可在高寒山区作中稻种植,但综合参试超级稻品种（组合）的产量结果、田间表现、抗病性、稻米品质、生长势等因素分析,以中浙优1号、中浙优8号、Y两优1号、Ⅱ优航1号4个品种（组合）最为理想,可作为高寒山区中稻主推品种（组合）。 相似文献
17.
超级杂交稻育种的创新思维与实践 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
陈立云 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,(Z1)
超级杂交稻育种的创新思维提出了超级杂交稻育种三步法设想,即超级亲本选育——超级杂交组合选育——超级杂交制种,并详细阐述了各步骤的标准和实现其目标的技术路线;提出了水稻光温敏不育机理新设想:即水稻光温敏核不育系育性转换是主效不育基因与其位置相近的发育感光基因或(和)发育感温基因相互作用的结果,不育基因位点(微效不育基因)可影响两用核不育系的不育起点温度的高低.按照超级杂交稻育种三步法的技术路线,成功选育了父本996和两用核不育系C815S两个超级杂交稻亲本,利用前者选育出适合长江中下游稻区作双季早稻种植的超级杂交早稻组合陆两优996,用后者选配出C两优87和C两优396等增产幅度大、极有应用前景的超级稻新组合.遵循水稻光温敏不育系选育的技术路线,育成C815S,P88S和9771S等实用的水稻两用核不育系. 相似文献
18.
北方粳型稻超高产育种理论与实践 总被引：27，自引：3，他引：27
从育种理论、育种技术及育种实践等方面，综合评述了中国北方粳型稻超高产育种研究进展与前景，认为培育和推广超级稻是继株型育种和杂交稻之后，提高北方粳稻综合生产能力，实现北方水稻生产跨越式发展的重要途径。在“利用籼粳稻杂交创造新株型和强优势，通过复交优化性状组配，聚合有利基因，选育理想株型与优势利用相结合的超级稻”育种理论与技术路线确立之后，北方粳型超级粳稻在常规育种方面已取得重大突破，成功地培育出一批优质抗病的超级稻新品种并已广泛应用于生产，如沈农265、沈农606、吉粳88等。与常规超级稻育种相比，超级杂交粳稻育种研究进展则相对较缓慢。这一方面是由于北方气候与生态条件的限制，另一方面是育种技术相对落后。解决优势与生育期的矛盾、产量与品质的矛盾以及提高制种产量等问题，仍然是北方超级杂交粳稻育种所面临的严峻挑战。本文还讨论了与粳型超级稻育种有关的生理和遗传问题。 相似文献
19.
In this paper, a new cultivation practice-super-sparse-cultivation associated with maximumtiller seedling (SSCMTS) of hybrid rice was proposed and its high-yielding mechanism was studied. The results showed that the practice of SSCMTS in hybrid rice could not only increase grain yield but also save seeds and labor. It was a new high-yielding way for the late transplanting seedlings and heavy panicle type hybrid rice cultivars to further utilize the high-yielding potential of hybrid rice cultivars. The increasing number of spikelets and ideal grain -filling were the direct factors for the high yield of SSCMTS in hybrid rice, and those high-yielding factors relied on high quality seedlings, sturdy individuals, high quality population and vigorous later growth. 相似文献
20.
比较研究了硅对杂交粳稻和常规粳稻干物质与养分积累及产量的影响,结果表明:施用硅肥对杂交粳稻增加籽粒产量、提高干物质积累量的效应大于常规粳稻;同时在促进水稻植株对N、P和K吸收的作用上,也表现出对杂交粳稻的作用较为明显,尤其对促进K的吸收,效应更为明显.杂交粳稻对硅的需求量高于常规粳稻.建议在杂交粳稻高产超高产栽培中注意硅肥的施用. 相似文献