共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
为探究在非灌溉季节施加生物炭对滴灌棉田耕层土壤水热特性和三相结构的调控效应。设置生物炭15(B1),30(B2),45(B3),60(B4),0(B0) t/hm25个施加量,分析其对新疆滴灌棉田非灌溉季节耕层土壤(0—40 cm)三相结构、总孔隙度、土壤温度和土壤含水率的影响。结果表明:与对照处理相比,施炭处理使土壤固相体积降低2.58%~10.74%,总孔隙度增加3.38%~12.05%;同时,施炭处理的融后土壤质量含水率较对照处理提高1.07%~2.65%;施炭处理的土壤导热系数降低,土壤耕层最低温度增加0.34~2.15℃,最大温差缩小0.47~2.14℃。基于以上土壤结构和水热特性指标进行主成分分析得出,综合得分最高的处理为B3,其次为B2。非灌溉季节施加生物炭有利于改善土壤三相结构,增加土壤总孔隙度,增强土壤保墒保温能力。新疆滴灌棉田非灌溉季节生物炭最佳施用量为30~45 t/hm2。 相似文献
2.
[目的] 分析施加生物炭配合深松对农田耕层土壤容重、土壤结构稳定性及有机碳的影响,为土壤结构改良提供科学合理的调控措施和理论依据。[方法] 基于冬小麦—夏玉米轮作体系,2017—2019年大田试验期间,在小麦季设置生物炭施用量分别为0,3 000,6 000 kg/hm2(B0,B1和B2)的3个处理,在玉米季设置传统贴茬播种(P)和深松耕作播种(S)2个耕作处理,共计B0P,B1P,B2P,B0S,B1S,B2S 6个处理。[结果] ①两个轮作后,相同耕作方式下,土壤容重随生物炭用量的增加而降低,其中B2S较B0S显著降低(13.59%);同一施炭水平下,各处理土壤容重呈现出深松＜传统的特征,深松容重整体较传统低4.95%。②连续施加生物炭配合深松耕作两年后,B2S处理下的有机碳含量达到最高,比B0P显著增加(42.15%),比B2P增加1.03%。③两个轮作后,随生物炭用量的增加机械性团聚体含量(DR0.25)、水稳性团聚体含量(WR0.25)、平均重量直径(MWD)呈上升趋势,相反土壤团聚体破坏率(PAD)及土壤不稳定团粒指数(ELT)呈逐渐下降趋势,且表现为B2S处理均优于其他各处理的特征,表明高添加量生物炭配合深松耕作较传统耕作能更有效地提高团聚体稳定性。[结论] 小麦季基施6 000 kg/hm2生物炭并配合玉米季深松有利于提高土壤团聚体稳定性,改善华北平原农田土壤结构。 相似文献
3.
苏北滩涂水稻微咸水灌溉模式及土壤盐分动态变化 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
为研究微咸水灌溉对水稻水分利用效率和土壤盐分动态的影响,利用田间试验资料对SWAP(Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant)模型进行了率定和验证。用验证认可的模型模拟并分析了水稻生育期水盐运移规律和水稻水分利用效率,并预测了长期微咸水灌溉对土壤盐分的影响。结果表明:1.5 mg/cm3矿化度微咸水足量灌溉可以获得较高的产量和水分利用效率;各微咸水处理在60~90 cm土层均出现不同程度的盐分累积现象,具体累积深度和土壤盐分浓度与灌水量和灌水矿化度有关;采用1.5 mg/cm3矿化度微咸水进行微咸水长期灌溉研究,10 a的模拟结果显示此灌溉制度不会引起0~100 cm土层土壤次生盐渍化。该研究为滨海地区微咸水合理利用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
4.
溶质类型与矿化度对半干旱盐渍化地区果园土壤水分有效性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
盐渍化土壤水分有效性是制约土地生产能力的关键因素之一。研究不同盐分类型及矿化度的盐溶液对土壤水分有效性的影响, 可为微咸水合理灌溉以及促进土壤生产潜力的发挥提供科学依据。本研究采用离心法在室内研究了脱水过程中灌溉水的溶质类型(NaCl和Na2SO4)与矿化度(0、1 g·L-1、3 g·L-1、5 g·L-1、10 g·L-1)对半干旱盐渍化地区果园土壤水分有效性的影响。结果表明: 不同矿化度的NaCl和Na2SO4处理均可使田间持水量、暂时萎蔫系数、永久萎蔫系数、迟效水和无效水较对照有所降低。不同矿化度的NaCl处理以及1 g·L-1的Na2SO4处理土壤全有效水和速效水都较对照增加, 3 g·L-1、5 g·L-1和10 g·L-1的Na2SO4处理土壤全有效水和速效水都较对照减小。不同矿化度的NaCl和Na2SO4处理均可使土壤通气孔隙和毛管孔隙相对减少, 非活性孔隙增大, 其中矿化度为5 g·L-1的NaCl和Na2SO4处理对其影响最为明显, 通气孔隙分别较对照减小16.8%和14.8%, 毛管孔隙分别较对照减小5.2%和6.5%, 非活性孔隙分别较对照增加15.7%和14.4%。NaCl对于土壤比水容量和毛管断裂的延迟效果比NaSO4明显。且土壤溶液盐分含量增加, 土壤持水能力下降、供水性能增加而土壤抗旱性降低。 相似文献
5.
生物炭对冻融期盐渍化土壤水热肥效应的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探究施加生物炭对冻融期盐渍化土壤蓄水保墒、保温、保肥的作用,以盐渍化土壤为研究对象,连续2年在河套灌区开展田间小区原位冻融试验,设置生物炭用量为15 t/hm2(D15),30 t/hm2(D30),不施加生物炭(CK)3种处理。结果表明:在冻融条件下,0—40 cm土层较40—100 cm土层水分垂直分布规律明显、储水能力强;除在试验第1年的初冻期施加生物炭使0—40 cm土层储水量有所降低外,随生物炭施加时间的增长,生物炭的持水作用逐渐显现,其中与CK相比D30处理更有利于土壤水分保持。施加生物炭可以平抑冻融期土壤温度的变幅、降低融解期土壤温度变化的离散程度,较对照比,2年冻融期0—40 cm土层平均温度生物炭处理提高0.8~1.6 ℃,经过2年冻融过程各处理土壤冻结指数为CK＞D15＞D30,融解指数为D30＞D15＞CK。连续2年冻融期,生物炭的施入均丰富了土壤养分含量,不同程度地减少冻融各阶段0—40 cm土层养分流失,使冻融期土壤速效钾、碱解氮、速效磷含量增幅范围分别达到3.1%~38.1%,1.3%~44.6%,5.4%~80.4%,有机碳密度增加了2.0%~22.4%,其中以D30处理提升效果最为明显。施用生物炭改善了冻融期盐渍化土壤的水热肥状况,可为来年作物的生长繁殖提供良好的环境,生物炭用量30 t/hm2时施用效果较优。 相似文献
6.
微咸水混灌对土壤理化性质及冬小麦产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
根据中科院南皮生态农业试验站2002～2005年的冬小麦微咸水混灌田间试验资料,以淡水为对照研究了矿化度分别为3、4、5 g/t,的微咸水混灌对土壤积盐率、土壤饱和浸提液钠吸附比(SAR)、冬小麦产量和产量构成因素以及水分利用效率的影响,从而确定适宜的灌溉水矿化度上限.结果表明,微咸水灌溉后土壤积盐程度与灌溉水矿化度呈正相关;微咸水灌溉会使土壤饱和浸提液的SAR升高,且影响深度因灌溉水矿化度而异.通过对冬小麦产量和产量构成因素的分析可得,在非偏早年利用微咸水灌溉的矿化度不宜超过3 g/L,偏旱年不宜采用微咸水进行灌溉,或灌溉后应采取措施缓解盐分胁迫,水分利用效率与灌溉水矿化度呈负相关,综合各种因素可以认为3 g/L是当地微咸水灌溉的矿化度的上限. 相似文献
7.
为探索施用有机肥对咸水灌溉农田耕层土壤水稳性团聚体的调控效应,在麦玉两熟制农田咸水灌溉(1,2,4,6 g/L)配施有机肥(OF)和未施有机肥(NOF)长期定位试验的基础上,研究了2018-2019年不同处理对农田耕层0-20 cm土壤盐度(EC1:5)、土壤有机质(SOM)含量和水稳性团聚体稳定性的影响。结果表明:咸水灌溉有增加耕层土壤盐度,降低SOM含量和水稳性团聚体稳定性的趋势,随灌溉水矿化度的升高,SOM含量、>0.25 mm水稳性大团聚体质量分数(WR0.25)、团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)逐渐减小,土壤EC1:5和分形维数(Dm)逐渐增大,其中4,6 g/L与1 g/L灌水处理间的差异达显著水平。增施有机肥可降低咸水灌溉农田0-20 cm土壤EC1:5,当灌溉水矿化度 ≥ 2 g/L时,OF处理的耕层土壤EC1:5较NOF处理降低4.64%~48.29%;施用有机肥显著提高农田SOM含量、WR0.25、MWD和GMD,各灌水处理的提高幅度分别为80.75%~127.32%,10.36%~90.44%,12.90%~129.11%和11.88%~81.57%。在该研究条件下, ≥ 4 g/L咸水灌溉会显著增加土壤盐度,降低有机质含量,破坏土壤团粒结构,应谨慎使用;施用有机肥能促进耕层土壤盐分淋洗,降低盐分对土壤环境的负面影响,有助于实现咸水资源安全高效利用。 相似文献
8.
为探究稻草生物炭和灌溉方式对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响,揭示生物炭在干湿交替稻田中的应用潜力,该研究采用大田裂区试验,设置常规淹灌（ICF）和干湿交替灌溉（IAWD）2种灌溉方式,不施生物炭（B0）和施20 t/hm2生物炭（B20）2种施炭水平,连续3 a对稻田CH4、N2O排放和水稻产量进行了观测研究。结果表明：与ICF相比,IAWD在显著降低CH4排放（63.03%～78.89%）的同时也促进了N2O排放（100%～122.67%）。生物炭施加首年对CH4排放无显著影响,但第2年和第3年分别显著减少CH4排放21.99%和38.21%;而对N2O排放3 a均起到抑制作用,降幅达28.26%～33.10%。生物炭3 a平均增加土壤有机碳27.03%。施生物炭第1年水稻略有减产,但第2和第3年表现为正效应。主要是由于初期秸秆生物炭碱性较大,表现出了明显的石灰效应;但随着pH值逐步恢复正常后,生物炭固碳减排和缓释增效特性逐渐显现。尤其在2021年,B20较B0增产11.02%,显著降低37.50%的全球增温潜势（global warming potential,GWP）和42.86%的温室气体排放强度（greenhouse gas intensity,GHGI）;同时,在B0条件下,IAWD较ICF增加137.21%的N2O排放,但B20条件下降低IAWD处理32.52%的N2O排放,有效抑制IAWD对N2O排放增加的负面效应。整体来看,与ICFB0处理相比,IAWDB20处理显著降低CH4排放,降幅为83.78%,同时降低77.98%的GWP和78.95%的GHGI。该研究为揭示生物炭固碳减排的正效应及其在稻田生态系统中的应用潜力,同时全面探究其对稻田增产、CH4和N2O排放的年限影响,为缓解实际稻田生产过程中CH4和N2O的排放,实现稻田绿色、高效、可持续生产提供理论依据。 相似文献
9.
微咸水灌溉条件下含黏土夹层土壤的水盐运移规律 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
黏土夹层影响着土壤水盐运移及分布,为了研究在含黏土夹层的土壤中进行微咸水灌溉时土壤的水盐运移规律,进行了春小麦微咸水灌溉大田试验,并在此基础上运用数值模型对土壤盐分累积趋势进行了模拟预测。结果表明,黏土夹层对土壤水盐运移具有显著的阻碍作用,黏土夹层以上土壤平均含水量、含盐量呈随灌溉水矿化度增大而增加的趋势,黏土夹层以下各处理土壤水盐分布几乎不受微咸水灌溉的影响;大定额冬溉洗盐后,各处理0～70 cm土层最大积盐率仍高达65.7%,部分盐分滞留在黏土夹层以上;土壤盐分分布预测结果表明,微咸水连续灌溉5 a后,灌溉水矿化度为4和5 g/L的处理土壤盐渍化倾向明显,不宜在含黏土夹层地区长期使用矿化度>3 g/L的微咸水进行灌溉,否则将对土壤环境产生严重危害。 相似文献
10.
[目的] 微咸水灌溉是缓解农业用水紧张、保障粮食生产的重要途径之一,但灌溉水中的可溶性盐会导致土壤盐分累积,进而影响作物生长,寻求适宜的灌溉水盐分浓度是咸水、微咸水资源得到安全利用的有利保障。[方法] 研究采用遮雨盆栽试验种植冬小麦,以去离子水为对照(CK),添加氯化盐形成不同浓度的微咸水处理,灌溉水电导率(ECw)分别为:0.26(CK),3.00(S1),5.26(S2),7.07(S3),9.24(S4) dS/m,研究土壤水盐分布和冬小麦生长、光合生理及产量形成的响应。[结果] 不同浓度微咸水灌溉下土壤含水率、土壤含盐量随盐分浓度的增加而增大。当灌溉水电导率为9.24 dS/m时,土壤含水率分别比CK高5.43%(0—10 cm),4.21%(10—20 cm),4.98%(20—40 cm);冬小麦收获后CK及S1-S4处理下0—40 cm土层土壤饱和浸提液电导率(ECe)分别为0.66,4.89,7.88,9.34,10.16 dS/m;与CK相比,灌溉水电导率为3.00,5.26 dS/m时,冬小麦生长、光合生理指标、产量无显著差异,而为7.07,9.24 dS/m时显著降低,当灌溉水电导率为9.24 dS/m时,冬小麦净光合速率、最大株高、最大叶面积、成熟期地上部干物质量、根系干物质量及产量相比CK分别降低71.00%,2.81%,15.33%,15.55%,47.25%,27.53%。利用FAO分段函数拟合计算得冬小麦灌溉微咸水电导率阈值为5.82 dS/m,超过该值,每增加1 dS/m,冬小麦相对产量下降8.80%。[结论] 综上所述,灌溉水盐分浓度越高,对土壤水盐分布及冬小麦生长的影响越大,5.82 dS/m为冬小麦的灌溉微咸水电导率阈值。综合考虑冬小麦生长、光合生理指标及土壤理化性质,建议使用微咸水灌溉冬小麦时,ECw不宜超过5.82 dS/m。该研究结果可为微咸水安全利用提供理论支撑。 相似文献
11.
A 35-day simulated evaporation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biochar application on phreatic water evaporation and water-salt distribution in coastal saline soil. Three biochar rates (0, 1%, and 5%; w/w) were applied to 65-cm-long soil columns. Results showed that applying the low biochar application rate effectively inhibited soil water evaporation. The 1% biochar treatment resulted in 4.4% lower cumulative soil water evaporation compared with the control, while it caused salt accumulation in the surface soil. By contrast, the high biochar application rate had little effect on cumulative soil water evaporation. Nonetheless, the 5% biochar treatment significantly increased the soil water-holding capacity while decreasing sodium adsorption ratio and salinity in the surface soil. In conclusion, applying a higher biochar rate (e.g., 5%) could improve salt water-distribution in the coastal saline soil under the experimental conditions. 相似文献
12.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19):2442-2456
ABSTRACTBiochar, compost and their combination are important organic amendment materials for improving the hydro-physical properties of sandy soils. Series of soil columns experiments were conducted for investigating the application effects of date palm biochar and compost on evaporation, moisture distribution, infiltration, sorptivity (Sp), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and water holding capacity (WHC) at application rates of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% (10, 20, 30 and 40 g kg?1). The columns were filled manually with air-dried soil with 35 cm depth and the thickness of surface amended layer was 10 cm (T10) and 20 cm (T20) from soil surface at bulk density of 1400 kg m?3. The results showed that the behavior of soil moisture distribution was influenced by application of biochar, compost and biochar-compost mixture. Moreover, in the amended layer T10, applying biochar at rate of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% reduced significantly cumulative evaporation by 5.8%, 10.8%, 12.8% and 16.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the reduction for the biochar-compost mixture at application rates of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% was 10%, 12.2%, 14.5% and 20%, respectively. In layer T20, applying biochar at rate of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% reduced cumulative evaporation by 10.24%, 13.0%, 18.3% and 21.5% but this reduction amounted to 18.2%, 21%, 23% and 24% for the biochar-compost mixture, respectively. It was generally observed that the highest application rate (4%) for applied amendments was the most effective impact on Sp, Ksat and WHC compared with other rates. 相似文献
13.
不同秸秆生物炭对土壤水分入渗和蒸发的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
探究不同秸秆生物炭对土壤入渗和蒸发的影响,对于秸秆废弃物的资源化利用和水土资源高效利用具有重要意义。选取3种秸秆(油菜、藜麦和马铃薯)为原料制备生物炭,采用室内土柱模拟方法,探究不同材料生物炭对土壤湿润过程、累积入渗量和蒸发过程的影响。结果表明:不同材料生物炭下的土壤入渗和蒸发过程存在显著差异。马铃薯杆炭显著促进了湿润锋的运移,而藜麦杆和油菜杆炭在中后期减缓了湿润锋的运移速度。添加生物炭处理均提高了土壤早期的入渗速率,降低了土壤后期的稳定入渗速率,其中马铃薯杆炭表现最好,促进了早期入渗,而且后期入渗降低少,在入渗55 min时,马铃薯杆炭累积入渗67.8 mm,比对照提高41.8%。在模拟施炭土壤的入渗过程方面,Kostiakov模型表现最优。施炭对于前期土壤蒸发无显著影响,但显著提高了后期的土壤蒸发量。蒸发30天后,马铃薯杆、油菜杆和藜麦杆炭累积蒸发量分别比CK高5.2%,9.2%和10.2%。马铃薯杆生物炭能显著提高土壤的入渗能力。研究结果为青海省东部农区选择合适的生物炭种类提供了科学依据。 相似文献
14.
Abubaker B. Ali Yan Haofang Li Hong Wu Yan You Nazar A. Elshaikh Gameraldawla Hussein 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(1):49-64
Biochar has recently received increased attention because it improves poor soil fertility. However, its potentiality to enhance soil physical properties under water stress conditions not yet deeply investigated. Hence, extensive field investigations were carried out to study the effects of biochar addition (BA) with deficit irrigation (DI) on soil bulk density (BD), porosity percentage (P%), soil moisture content (SMC%), soil hydraulic conductivity (K), cucumber yield and water use efficiency (WUE) during two consecutive seasons (2016 and 2017). The biochar treatments were B0 (0 ton ha?1), B1 (10 ton ha?1and B2 (20 ton ha?1), while the DI treatments were 1.0 (W1), 0.60 (W2) and 0.40 (W3) of the reference evapotranspiration (ET0). The parameters were measured at soil depths of 0–10 (d1), 10–20 (d2) and 20–30 cm (d3) for measurement periods of before sowing (P1), mid-season (P2) and after harvest (P3). The results showed that the B2W1 combination gave the highest yield (57 and 45.2 t ha?1), WUE (10.94 and 11.27 kg m?3), SMC (39.2 and 40.1%) in both seasons, respectively. The B2W3 had the highest porosity (47.5 and 46.1%) values at the d1. Meanwhile, the lowest soil BD values of 1.1 and 1.05 g cm?3 were obtained by the B2W1 at d1 for 2.16 and 2017, respectively. Statistically, most of the parameters studied under B2W2 and B0W1 had non-significant differences between them. Hence, the addition of biochar with DI could be an integrated approach to address the drought stress, while enhancing soil and plant properties. 相似文献
15.
生物炭施用方式及用量对土壤水分入渗与蒸发的影响 总被引：18，自引：4，他引：14
研究生物炭施用方式及用量对土壤水分入渗、蒸发特性的影响,可为旱区农业与生态建设中应用生物炭改良土壤水文特性提供科学依据与技术支持。该文采用室内土柱模拟方法,研究了3种生物炭施用方式A(施在表层0~10 cm)、B(施在下层10~20 cm)和C(施在耕层0~20 cm)和4种质量添加比例(0、1%、2%和4%)对土壤水分湿润峰、累积入渗量及蒸发的影响。结果表明:生物炭对土壤水分入渗、蒸发的影响受施用方式和用量的共同制约。与对照(不施生物炭)相比,A与C施用方式在1%和2%用量均可以减缓湿润峰运移速度,而较高用量(4%)可以促进湿润峰运移;B施用方式2%用量明显促进湿润峰运移,1%与4%用量无明显影响;以入渗时间50 min为例,A4%能显著增加累积入渗量,增量达对照的10.63%(P0.05),而B1%、A1%、C2%、C1%、C4%可显著降低累积入渗量(P0.05),减少量分别达对照的13.90%、12.46%、8.49%、5.32%、4.66%,其余处理与对照相比差异不显著。在同一施用方式下,除C2%和C1%外,各处理累积入渗量均随生物质炭用量增加而呈上升趋势。各处理土壤湿润峰运移距离与时间之间呈幂函数关系,且累积入渗量与时间关系可用Kostiakov入渗经验公式描述,Philip入渗模型可用于描述耕层(0~20 cm)混合生物炭土壤累积入渗量变化过程。各处理35d累积蒸发量与对照相比差异不显著。A4%可显著增加耕层土壤入渗能力,在改良质地较黏土壤入渗性能时,在土壤表层添加较高用量(4%)生物炭效果较好。 相似文献
16.
Nahid Rezaie Ali Reza Sepaskhah 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(5):611-626
Greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of irrigation water salinity (0.5, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 dS m?1) and wheat straw biochar (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, and 3.75% w/w) on growth and yield of faba been using complete randomized design with three replications. Stomatal conductance (green canopy temperature) of faba bean increased (decreased) by application of biochar at each salinity level. The results showed increasing salinity to 2.5 dS m?1 at zero biochar application increased the seed yield through osmotic adjustment, while by declining the osmotic potential, the nutritional values of biochar caused the seed yield to increase by increasing salinity to 5 dS m?1. The root length density and root dry weight density in 0–8 cm soil layer declined under application of 3.75% w/w biochar in all salinity levels in comparison with that obtained in 2.5% w/w biochar, due to higher saline condition of the soil as result of higher biochar application. The results showed that addition of 2.5% w/w biochar can significantly mitigate salinity stress due to its high salt sorption capacity and by increasing potassium/sodium ratio in the soil. In general, since 2.5 % w/w biochar and salinity of 5 dS m?1 increased dry seed yield and irrigation water productivity compared with that obtained in control (B0S0.5), these levels are recommended to improve faba bean growth and yield; however, these levels have to be evaluated under field conditions. 相似文献
17.
生物质炭和腐殖质对稻田土壤CH4和N2O排放的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨生物质炭与腐殖质单独施用与配合施用对稻田土壤CH4和N2O气体排放以及水稻产量的影响。以浙江临安潜育性水稻土的稻田系统为研究对象,设置2个水稻秸秆生物质炭添加水平(0,20 t/hm2)和3个腐殖质水平(0,0.6,1.2 t/hm2),共6个处理,分别为:(1)B0F0(对照,不添加生物质炭和腐殖质);(2)B0F1(腐殖质用量为0.6 t/hm2);(3)B0F2(腐殖质用量为1.2 t/hm2);(4)B1F0(生物质炭用量为20 t/hm2);(5)B1F1(生物质炭和腐殖质用量分别为20,0.6 t/hm2);(6)B1F2(生物质炭和腐殖质用量分别为20,1.2 t/hm2),研究生物质炭和腐殖质输入对水稻产量、稻田CH4和N2O气体排放的影响。结果表明:(1)与B0F0相比,单独施用生物质炭和腐殖质或生物质炭与腐殖质配施均降低了土壤CH4累积排放量,但增加了土壤N2O累积排放量;(2)生物质炭处理对GWP(global warming potential)和GHGI(greenhouse gas intensity)没有显著影响(P>0.05),腐殖质处理显著降低了GWP和GHGI(P<0.05),生物质炭和腐殖质对GWP和GHGI存在显著交互作用(P<0.05);(3)与B0F0相比,单独施用生物质炭和腐殖质或者生物质炭与腐殖质配施均能在一定程度上减少单位水稻产量的温室气体排放强度(GHGI),B0F2处理的GHGI最低,表明单施腐殖质处理(腐殖质用量为1.2 t/hm2)稻田土壤的减排效果和环境效应最好。研究结果为进一步探讨稻田土壤固碳减排提供数据支撑和理论依据。 相似文献
18.
生物质炭施用可能对土壤中氮素硝化过程和N2O排放产生影响。本研究通过室内培养试验，研究铵态氮肥与玉米秸秆生物质炭施用量（0、1%、2%、5%、10%w/w）对酸性（pH=5.10）和石灰性紫色土（pH=8.15）氮素硝化率、净硝化速率及N2O排放特征的影响。结果表明：（1）酸性和石灰性紫色土生物质炭处理平均净硝化速率相比对照分别降低了33.7%~93.7%和7.5%~40.9%，生物质炭添加抑制了酸性和石灰性紫色土硝化作用，在酸性紫色土中生物质炭对氮素硝化作用的抑制作用随施用量的增加而增强，在石灰性紫色土中无明显规律。（2）与对照相比，酸性紫色土N2O累计排放量在1%生物质炭（1%BC）和2%生物质炭（2%BC）处理下降幅分别为15.9%和27.7%，在5%生物质炭（5%BC）和10%生物质炭（10%BC）处理下增幅分别为60.1%和93.2%。石灰性紫色土生物质炭各处理N2O累积排放量均显著高于对照。（3）综合考虑酸性紫色土1%、2%生物质炭量施用下对硝化作用抑制和N2O减排综合效果最好，在石灰性紫色土中无明显抑制和减排效果。 相似文献
19.
Zhanlei Wang Yongfu Li Scott X. Chang Jiaojiao Zhang Peikun Jiang Guomo Zhou Zhenming Shen 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(7):1109-1119
The effects and associated mechanisms of the application of organic residues or their derived biochar on the dynamics of soil organic C and soil CO2 efflux in planted soils are poorly understood. This paper investigated the impact of bamboo leaf and the derived biochar applications on soil CO2 efflux and labile organic C in an intensively managed Chinese chestnut plantation in a 12-month field study. The treatments studied included Control, application of bamboo leaf (Leaf), and application of biochar (Biochar). The Leaf treatment increased (P?2 efflux and concentrations of water-soluble organic C (WSOC) and microbial biomass C (MBC). The Biochar treatment increased soil CO2 efflux and WSOC and MBC only in the first month after application, but such effects diminished thereafter. The annual cumulative soil CO2 emission was increased by 16 % by the Leaf treatment as compared to the Control, but there was no difference between the Biochar and Control treatments. The soil organic C (SOC) storage was increased by biochar addition but not by bamboo leaf addition. An exponential relationship between soil temperature and soil CO2 efflux was observed regardless of the treatment. Soil CO2 efflux was correlated to soil WSOC (P?Q 10) of soil CO2 efflux was ranked as Leaf?>?Biochar?>?Control. In comparison with the application of fresh bamboo leaf, pyrolyzed bamboo leaf (biochar) application decreased CO2 effluxes and increased C sequestration in the soil. 相似文献