共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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目前犬瘟热发病表现腹泻症状的病犬占很高的比例,而犬瘟热疾病表现消化道症状的病理机制尚未完全阐明。5-羟色胺(5-HT)是消化系统内重要的神经递质和调节物,而且90%以上分布于肠道,在腹泻性的疾病中可能起着巨大作用。为探讨犬瘟热病犬胃肠道5-HT细胞的变化及其在病理中的作用,取5只消化道型犬瘟热病犬胃肠组织,常规切片,SP免疫组织化学技术对病犬胃肠道内5-HT胺细胞进行定位,观察其形态特征与分布密度。结果显示,胃肠道内5-HT胺细胞呈现明显多形性,大小不均一。胃部的5-HT胺细胞主要集中在胃腺上皮细胞之间;肠道内的5-HT胺细胞主要分布于肠上皮基底部、肠道黏膜上皮细胞之间。在消化道型犬瘟热病犬胃肠道中5-HT胺细胞数量明显增多,在胃中5-HT胺细胞的密度在胃幽门处显著高于胃部其他部位,在肠道内结肠处的分布数量显著低于其他肠段,在整个胃肠道内呈不规则波浪形分布,并且5-HT胺细胞密度与腹泻程度明显相关。试验结果提示5-HT胺细胞可能参与犬瘟热发病过程,其增高是由于犬瘟热病毒或者继发感染的其他病原菌破坏消化道的正常组织结构刺激胃肠道内的5-HT胺细胞代偿性增加。 相似文献
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肠道是肉鸡重要的消化、内分泌及免疫器官，肠道健康主要依赖于营养物质、微生物菌群和肠道黏膜之间的动态平衡。肠道消化吸收功能与肠黏膜上皮细胞的生长及肠道形态结构的完整性直接相关。研究表明，丁酸钠作为能量来源，可刺激肉鸡肠道上皮细胞增殖并改善肠道黏膜形态，促进绒毛生长和肠道组织发育。丁酸钠通过肠道游离脂肪酸受体FFAR2和FFAR3介导肠道内分泌细胞分泌多种激素，促进胃肠黏膜的发育，刺激胃和胰腺分泌消化酶，促进养分消化吸收。丁酸钠是肠道稳态的重要调节因子，可刺激黏蛋白的产生，增加黏液层厚度，降低结肠上皮的通透性，维持肠道完整性和黏膜屏障功能。丁酸钠促进宿主防御肽（HPDs）的合成，抑制肠道内有害菌的增殖，降低内毒素对肠黏膜上皮细胞的损伤。丁酸钠通过抑制NF-κB激酶（IKK）下调促炎症途径，抑制NF-κB的活化，预防肠黏膜炎症发生，进而促进消化吸收和保护肠道健康。综上，丁酸钠具有肠道保护和抗菌作用，可增强肠道完整性，促进营养物质的消化吸收，提高免疫力和抗病力。在饲料工业禁抗的背景下，对抗生素替代品丁酸钠的研究和应用非常重要，作者就丁酸钠对肠道功能的作用机制进行重点阐述，以期为其在肉鸡饲料中替代抗生素提供科学依据。 相似文献
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German AJ Hall EJ Day MJ 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(1):14-25
The mucosal immune system may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of small intestinal enteropathies. The aim of the current study was to assess mucosal immune cell populations in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), idiopathic antibiotic-responsive diarrhea (ARD), and adverse reactions to food (FR). Endoscopic biopsies were performed of the duodenum of dogs with these conditions and from a group of dogs without enteric disease. Additional control samples were collected after death from other dogs that did not have evidence of enteric disease. Immunohistochemistry and computer-aided morphometry were used to assess the distribution of immune cell subsets in both lamina propria and intestinal epithelium. Compared with controls, dogs with ARD had increased numbers of lamina propria immunoglobulin (Ig) A- plasma cells and CD4+ cells. More marked alterations were noted in dogs with IBD, with significant increases in lamina propria IgG+ plasma cells, T cells (CD3+), CD4+ cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, but with reduced mast cell numbers. Increased intraepithelial CD3+ T cells were also present in the dogs with IBD, compared with controls. However, lamina propria and epithelial populations were unaltered in dogs with FR when compared with controls. The altered mucosal immune cell populations observed in dogs with ARD or IBD may reflect an underlying immunologic pathogenesis in these disorders. 相似文献
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分泌型IgA(secretory IgA,SIgA)作为一种包被于肠道黏膜的抗体,能保护肠道免受病原微生物和毒素的攻击而不引起炎症反应,对激活黏膜免疫和维持肠道内环境稳态起到重要作用。在动物肠腔中,SIgA能通过调节肠道上皮细胞受体的识别能力,阻断病原微生物侵入黏膜相关淋巴组织,随后在肠道蠕动和黏液绒毛的协助运动下,最终将病原微生物清除;且最近也有报道揭示SIgA在肠上皮胞吞转运作用下的新机制。因此,作者主要阐述SIgA在肠道黏膜免疫及其内环境方面发挥关键的生物学特征和功能,以及探讨胞吞转运机制下SIgA的潜在作用。 相似文献
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In modern pig production,early weaning is a bottleneck problem which are restricting the development of pig industry.It can lead to early weaning syndrome in piglet,such as low appetite,growth inhibition,diarrhea and so on.One of the reasons induced these symptoms is impairment of intestinal mucosal barrier in piglets.The intestinal microflorais is one of the important parts of intestinal mucosal barrier.Therefore,study on the intestinal microflora of weaning piglets and nutritional regulations have been attracted more and more attentions,and it has an important influence on avoiding diarrhea,promoting the healthy growth and improving growth performance.The change of intestinal microflora in weaning piglets and research development of some common feed additives（microecologics,plant polysaccharide,acidulant,microelement,Chinese herbal medicine and plant extracts）for intestinal microflora were reviewed in this paper. 相似文献
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早期断奶是现代养猪生产中的瓶颈问题。早期断奶易造成仔猪早期断奶综合征,仔猪断奶后会出现采食量下降、生长阻滞和腹泻等一系列症状。引起这些症状的主要原因之一是断奶应激引起的仔猪肠道屏障受损。鉴于肠道微生态区系为肠道第一道防御屏障,因此,研究仔猪肠道微生态区系及其营养调控技术,对于防制仔猪早期断奶综合征、促进仔猪肠道健康、提高生产性能具有重要意义。文章针对断奶仔猪肠道微生物菌群变化及几种常用饲料添加剂（微生态制剂、植物多糖、酸化剂、微量元素、中草药及植物提取物）对肠道微生态区系调控的研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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WAN Hua-yun HU Jun-yi WANG Zi-xu CHEN Yao-xing CAO Jing DONG Yan-jun MA Bao-chen DONG Yu-lan 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(12):3642-3649
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are the first line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms of animal organism, which are important component of mucosal mechanical barrier, immune barrier and chemical barrier, they have absorption and barrier double function. In the intestine, there are many kinds of microorganisms. According to its relationship with the host, it is divided into three types of commensal bacteria, conditional pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, it plays an important role in the construction of intestinal barrier. Firstly, IECs identify the intestinal microbes by direct or indirect ways, and distinguish their own and non-self, it is immune tolerance to their own substances (such as, commensal bacteria), and produce specific immune response to non-self-substances (pathogenic bacteria). Both of IECs and intestinal commensal bacteria together against pathogens maintain intestinal health. When the pathogenic microorganisms invade the intestine, IECs defense pathogenic microorganisms mainly through extracellular secretions and cell surface mucus layer, and the former largely include mucin, antibacterial molecular and antimicrobial immunoglobulin. The intestinal symbiotic bacteria can resist the pathogenic microorganisms and maintain the normal intestinal mucosal barrier function through the competitive identification sites, the secretion of antimicrobial substances, the increase of mucus secretion, the induction of IECs renewal, proliferation and repair. In the process of resisting invasion of gut microbes, pathogenic microorganisms through their own movement, secretion of toxins and enzymes to destroy the intestinal epithelial barrier, and directly contact with IECs to damage them. So the interaction between IECs and intestinal bacteria maintain the intestinal homeostasis. In this paper, a review is made of the IECs and intestinal microbial structure and functional adaptations, and hope to elaborate the mechanism of intestinal microbial-epithelial cell barrier interaction. 相似文献
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肠道上皮细胞（intestinal epithelial cells,IECs）是动物机体抵御病原微生物的第一道防线,是黏膜机械屏障、免疫屏障和化学屏障的重要组成部分,具有吸收和屏障双层功能。肠道中微生物数量庞大、种类繁多,根据其与宿主的关系,主要分为共生菌、条件致病菌和病原菌3类,在肠道屏障的构建中发挥重要作用。IECs首先通过直接或间接方式对肠道微生物进行识别,区别自身与非自身,对自身物质（即共生菌）免疫耐受,对非自身物质（即病原菌）产生特异性免疫反应。IECs与肠道共生菌共同抵御肠道病原微生物,维持肠道健康,病原微生物侵入肠道,IECs主要通过胞外分泌物和细胞表面黏液层双重屏障发挥作用,其中胞外分泌物主要包括黏蛋白、抗菌分子和抗微生物免疫球蛋白。肠道共生菌可以通过竞争识别位点,分泌抗菌物质,增加黏液分泌,诱导IECs更新、增殖和修复等方式抵御病原微生物,维护正常的肠黏膜屏障功能。在IECs抵御肠道病原微生物入侵过程中,病原微生物通过自身运动、分泌毒素和酶等破坏肠上皮屏障,直接接触IECs,对其进行损伤。因此IECs和肠道菌群间相互作用,共同维持肠道内环境稳态。作者就IECs和肠道微生物结构、功能的适应性变化作一综述,以期阐述肠道微生物-上皮细胞屏障互作的机制。 相似文献