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1.
Relationship Between Ion Accumulation and Growth in Two Spring Wheat Lines Differing in Salt Tolerance at Different Growth Stages 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
A salt-tolerant line, S24, of spring wheat was compared with a salt-sensitive line, Yecora Rojo, in sand cultures at four different growth stages, i.e. germination, seedling, tillering and booting, under greenhouse conditions. The NaCl treatments used were 0 or 125 mol m−3 in full strength Hoagland's nutrient solution. S24 exceeded Yecora Rojo in biomass or grain yield at the tillering and booting stages, but these lines did not differ at the initial growth stages, i.e. germination and seedling. The growth performance of the two lines at different growth stages was positively related to the pattern of accumulation of cations and anions. The superiority of S24 to Yecora Rojo at the two later growth stages was related to its relatively low accumulation of Na+ or Cl− and high accumulation of K+ in leaves. The former line also maintained higher leaf K/Na ratios, Ca/Na ratios, K versus Na selectivities and Ca versus Na selectivities than the latter particularly at the tillering and booting stages. Salt tolerance in spring wheat, in this study, is found to be age-dependent. The booting stage has been found as one of the most appropriate growth stages where maximum differentiation in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive lines occurred. As is evident from previous studies with spring wheat, in the present study there is a positive correlation between partial exclusion of Na+ or Cl−1 from the tissues and maintenance of high tissue K/Na and Ca/Na ratios, and K versus Na and Ca versus Na selectivities, and salt tolerance of this crop. 相似文献
2.
Some Agronomic and Physiological Aspects of Salt Tolerance in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Evaluation of commonly grown cotton (Gossypium hir-sutum L.) genotypes under saline environment may help to cope with the venture of the crop failure in salt-affected soils. In a pot experiment, four cotton genotypes (MNH-93, NIAB-78. S-12, and B-557) were grown to compare their relative performance on a sandy clay loam soil (original ECe = 1.9 dS m−1 ) salinized with a salt mixture (Na2 SO4 , NaCl, CaCl2 , MgSO4 in the ratio of 9:5:5:1 on equivalent basis) to EQ levels of 10 and 20 dS m−1 . The crop was raised to the flower initiation stage. The imposed salinity stress exhibited deleterious effect on the germination and vegetative growth with significant differences among the genotypes. Leaf area, stem thickness, shoot (stem + leaves) and root weights decreased with the increase in substrate salinity. NIAB-78 showed the least decline followed by MNH-93. Leaf thickness showed an opposite trend as an increase in this parameter was observed with the rising salinity, the maximum increase being in the case of NIAB-78. Analysis of the leaf sap showed increased Na+ and Cl− concentrations and decreased K+ concentration with the increase in substrate salinity. A better osmotic adjustment, a lower Na+ /K+ ratio and a lower Cl concentration were found in the leaves of NIAB-78 followed by MNH-93. This contributed towards their better growth performance under saline conditions. 相似文献
3.
Abdus Salam P. A. Hollington J. Gorham R. G. Wyn Jones C. Gliddon 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1999,183(3):145-156
Four bread wheat cultivars were studied at two salinity levels. Tobari 66 had the lowest uptake of Na+ and Cl− , and the highest K+ /Na+ ratio; Pato had the highest uptake of these ions and Lyallpur 73 was intermediate. Intervarietal differences were greater at higher salinity, suggesting that they were not caused by variation at the Kna1 locus. There were significant differences between inbred lines for Na+ , particularly in Blue Silver, suggesting the possibility of selecting genotypes with enhanced tolerance from within existing cultivars. Pato, Tobari 66 and their reciprocal F1 hybrids were further evaluated at four salinity levels. The hybrids exhibited similar relative grain yield to Tobari, with better Na+ and Cl− exclusion and higher K+ /Na+ ratios than Pato. Overall, Tobari had the highest absolute yield under salinity, and the hybrids were closer to Tobari than to Pato. Tiller and grain numbers, 100-grain weight and yield were more affected by salinity than were height, spike length and spikelet number. We conclude that intervarietal variation for salt tolerance in wheat is controlled by genes which could be transferred to sensitive genotypes to improve their tolerance, and that the K+ /Na+ ratio of the youngest leaf could be used to screen for salt tolerance. 相似文献
4.
Interactive effect of NaCl salinity and putrescine on shoot growth, ion (Na+ , K+ and CI− ) concentration in leaf, stem and inflorescence and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L. var. GR-3) were studied. When rice plants were subjected to salt stress (12 dS/m) the extension growth and dry weight of shoot system as well as total leaf area and chlorophyll content were found markedly reduced. Analysis of leaf, stem and inflorescence of salt-stressed plants showed higher concentration of Na+ and Cl ions and lower concentration of K+ ion compared to the control. Salinization also caused a considerable fall in grain yield.
Foliar application of putrescine (10−5 M) significantly increased the growth and yield of salt-stressed plants. Putrescine treatment decreased the influx of Na+ and Cl− ions and increased the K+ level in all the tissues of salinized plants examined. Putrescine also increased the chlorophyll content in salt-stressed plants. These results suggest that exogenous application of putrescine can be used successfully to ameliorate the stress injuries caused by NaCl salinity in rice plants to a considerable extent. 相似文献
Foliar application of putrescine (10
5.
A. Rashid R. H. Qureshi P. A. Hollington R. G. Wyn Jones 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1999,182(3):199-208
Seedling growth and ion content of Pakistani bread wheat cultivars was assessed in solution culture in the absence and presence of NaCl (100 and 200 mol m−3 ) to determine whether seedling traits could be used in breeding programs for salt-tolerance. Growth was recorded as seedling fresh weight, and the shoot and leaves analysed for major inorganic ions. Plants subjected to salt stress excluded Na+ and Cl− ions from the shoot to varying extents. Exclusion preferentially maintained lower Na+ and Cl− levels in the apical tissue, as the leaf to leaf gradient in Na+ and Cl− became steeper as the external salinity increased, although there were significant differences between cultivars. Correlation analysis on individual plants indicated that excluding Na+ at low salinity, and Na+ and Cl− at high salinity, were correlated significantly with growth performance, although it was clear that other factors were also involved. The relationship of tolerance to ion exclusion was stronger when the data were examined on an individual plant basis than when related to pooled cultivar data or to the cultivar rank order derived from field trials, probably due to large variations in Na+ , and to a lesser extent, Cl− transport in supposedly homozygous cultivars. 相似文献
6.
The identification of genotypes having potential salt tolerance is an effective approach to solve the problems of saline soils.
Seed germination and seedling establishment are limiting factors in crop production. Seven wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and one Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmak) genotypes were evaluated for salt tolerance at emergence and early seedling growth in solution culture with NaCl salinities up to 300 mM L−1 (electrical conductivity equals 27.6 dS m−1 ).
Seedling emergence was delayed by increasing NaCl in nutrient media. At 200 mM L−1 NaCl, the emergence percentages of wheat genotypes ranged between 68.7 % and 91.3 % after 7 days and 79.3 % and 98.7 % after 15 days. While at 300 mM L−1 , the emergence percentages of the wheat genotypes were 0.0 % after 7 days. After 15 days the emergence percent ranged between 24 % and 72 %. The emergence percent of the Triticale line was 88.7 after 7 days and 89.3 after 15 days at 200 mM L−1 , while it was 25.3 % and 84 % after 7 and 15 days, at 300 mM L−1 , respectively. Root and shoot dry weight were greatly reduced by increasing NaCl, however, the Triticale line showed less reduction in growth compared to the wheat genotypes. K+ , Ca2+ and Mg2+ were decreased with increasing salinity levels while Na+ content was decreased in the shoot tissues of wheat and Triticale genotypes. 相似文献
Seed germination and seedling establishment are limiting factors in crop production. Seven wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and one Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmak) genotypes were evaluated for salt tolerance at emergence and early seedling growth in solution culture with NaCl salinities up to 300 mM L
Seedling emergence was delayed by increasing NaCl in nutrient media. At 200 mM L
7.
R. Zurayk M. Adlan R. Baalbaki M. C. Saxena 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1998,180(4):249-258
The effect of salinity on the nodulation, N-fixation and plant growth of selected chickpea- Rhizobium symbionts was studied- Eighteen chickpea rhizobial strains were evaluated for their growth in a broth culture at salinity levels of 0 to 20 dS m−1 of NaCl + Na2 SO4 . Variability in response was high. Salinity generally reduced the lag phase and/or slowed the log phase of multiplication of Rhizobium. Nine chickpea genotypes were also evaluated for salt tolerance during germination and early seedling growth in Petri dishes at five salinity levels (0–32 dS m−1 ). Chickpea genotypes ILC-205 and ILC-1919 were the most salt-tolerant genotypes. The selected rhizobial strains and chickpea cultivars were combined in a pot experiment aimed at investigating the interactive effect of salinity (3, 6 and 9 dS m−1 ) and N source (symbiosis vs. inorganic N) on plant growth. Symbiotic plants were more sensitive to salinity than plants fed mineral N. Significant reductions in nodule dry weight (59.8 %) and N fixation (63.5 %) were evident even at the lowest salinity level of 3 dS m-1 . Although nodules were observed in inoculated plants grown at 6 dS m-1 , N-fixation was completely inhibited. The findings indicate that symbiosis is more salt-sensitive than both Rhizobium and the host plant, probably due to a breakdown in one of the processes involved in symbiotic-N fixation. Improvement of salinity tolerance in field grown chickpea may be achieved by application of sufficient amounts of mineral nitrogen. 相似文献
8.
Potassium and Silicon Improve Yield and Juice Quality in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) under Salt Stress 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. Ashraf Rahmatullah R. Ahmad M. Afzal M. A. Tahir S. Kanwal & M. A. Maqsood 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2009,195(4):284-291
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress which adversely affects the yield and juice quality in sugarcane. However, the mineral nutrient status of plant plays a crucial role in increasing plant tolerance to salinity. We investigated the effects of K and/or Si on plant growth, yield and juice quality in two sugarcane genotypes differing in salinity tolerance. Addition of K and Si significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased K and Si concentrations and decreased the accumulation of Na+ in plants under salt stress. Cane yield and yield attributes were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher where K and Si were added. Juice quality characteristics like Brix (% soluble solids in juice), Pol (% sucrose in juice), commercial cane sugar (CCS) and sugar recovery in both sugarcane genotypes were also significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved with the supplementation of K and Si. For most of the growth parameters, it was found that K either alone or in combination with Si was more effective to alleviate salt stress in both sugarcane genotypes than Si alone. Moreover, the beneficial effects of K and Si were more pronounced in salt sensitive genotype than in salt tolerant genotype. The results suggested that K and Si counteracted the deleterious effects of high salinity/sodicity in sugarcane by lowering the accumulation of Na+ and increase in K+ concentration with a resultant improvement in K+ /Na+ ratio which is a good indicator to assess plant tolerance to salinity. 相似文献
9.
甘薯苗期耐盐性鉴定及其指标筛选 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以18个甘薯品种(系)为试验材料, 设置对照和200 mmol L -1 NaCl浓度处理, 通过苗期盐土栽培胁迫方式, 对各处理下各品种(系)的茎叶鲜重、根系鲜重、茎叶干重、根系干重、叶片相对电导率、Fv/Fm、SPAD值、SOD酶活性、MDA含量、脯氨酸含量、根系活力、根系Na +和K +含量、Na +/K +比值等14个生理指标进行测定, 通过对各单项指标的耐盐系数进行相关分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和逐步回归等方法对品种(系)耐盐性进行综合评价。通过主成分分析, 将盐胁迫处理下甘薯苗期的14个单项指标转换成5个彼此独立的综合指标; 通过隶属函数分析, 得到不同品种(系)苗期耐盐性综合评价值(D值), 并通过聚类分析, 将18个甘薯品种(系)划分为4种耐盐类型, 其中盐敏感型4个、弱耐盐型3个、中度耐盐型7个和高度耐盐型4个。在此基础上, 利用逐步回归方法建立了可用于甘薯苗期耐盐性评价的回归方程, 同时筛选出茎叶鲜重、根系鲜重、茎叶干重、叶片SPAD值、SOD酶活性、MDA含量、脯氨酸含量、根系Na +/K +比值等8个可用于甘薯苗期耐盐性评价的生理指标。本研究可为甘薯耐盐新品种选育提供种质并为甘薯苗期耐盐性评价及耐盐机制研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
10.
Spatio-temporal differences under short-term NaCl-salinity (0, 50, 100, 150 m m l−1 ) stress for 24 h and post-NaCl recovery after 24 h on the growth, water relations, ionic composition, proline and antioxidants of 12-day-old roots, stem and leaves of Vigna radiata were observed. Fresh and dry weight, relative water content and K+ ion decreased, whereas, Na+ ion and Na+ /K+ ratio increased significantly in roots, stem and leaves. Post-NaCl recovered roots, stem and leaves showed similar results with lower values. Chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments decreased significantly in the leaves. Peroxide and lipid peroxidation level increased significantly with higher ratio in stressed compared to recovered leaves. Ascorbate and proline content increased significantly with no significant change in glutathione content in stressed roots, stem and leaves. Significant decrease in protein content, SOD, CAT, POX, APX and GR activities was observed in roots with no significant change in stem and leaves. The recovered parts showed similar results except increased POX and GR activities showing a tissue-specific response to NaCl-salinity stress. Improved tolerance to salt stress may be accomplished by increased capacity of antioxidative defence system and by lower level of lipid peroxidation and improvement in the plant water status, activities of some of the antioxidants in the recovered parts suggest that significant tissue differences in response to salt stress in V. radiata is closely related to differences in the activities of antioxidants, ion and proline content. 相似文献
11.
粒用高粱耐盐种质资源的鉴选与综合评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
旨在为高粱耐盐种质资源的开发利用及耐盐新种质的创新提供一定的理论依据。选用20 份高粱种质作为试验材料,采用150 mmol/L NaCl 溶液进行处理,置于人工气候培养室,测定发芽率、发芽势等相关指标;将20 份材料置于25℃恒温培养箱中进行催芽,用150 mmol/L NaCl 溶液浇灌,以等量的浇水为对照,调查并比较幼苗成活率、生长速率及枯萎指数。采用隶属函数进行相关性分析,并进行聚类分析。结果表明,在150 mmol/L盐胁迫下,‘3438’、‘航天育种SP42’、‘09305R’、‘3560R’品种的发芽率高于对照,其他指标均小于对照。20 份材料中,在芽期鉴选出耐盐材料4 份,苗期筛选出3 份;相关性大小顺序为相对芽长＞相对根长＞相对植株鲜重＞发芽势;20 份材料分成高度耐盐型、耐盐型、中等耐盐型、盐敏感型和高度盐敏感型品种5 类。确定150 mmol/L NaCl选定为高粱品种萌发期耐盐性鉴定的标准盐浓度,确定发芽率、发芽势、根长、叶长、植株鲜重可用于高粱耐盐性的鉴定指标。 相似文献
12.
以盐敏感荞麦品种TQ-0808和耐盐荞麦品种川荞1号为试验材料,采用NaCl和等渗PEG-6000处理,研究渗透胁迫和盐胁迫对不同耐盐性荞麦品种硝酸还原酶(NR)及亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)活性的影响。结果表明,高浓度盐胁迫下盐敏感荞麦品种叶片NR及NiR活性显著降低,而耐盐荞麦品种降低幅度相对较小,且高浓度盐胁迫下盐敏感荞麦品种叶片NR及NiR活性的降低幅度明显大于渗透胁迫的,说明Na+毒害效应发挥了主要作用。另外,两个荞麦品种叶片NR活性高低与其叶片硝酸盐含量呈正相关。 相似文献
13.
土壤盐渍化是影响农业生产的重要问题,筛选耐盐大豆资源对于大豆主产区盐渍化土壤的利用具有重要意义。以中黄35、中黄39、Williams82、铁丰8号、Peking和NY27-38为供试材料,以蛭石为培养基质,设0、100和150 mmol L?1 NaCl 3个处理,进行出苗期耐盐性鉴定,分析与生长相关的6个指标,旨在明确大豆出苗期耐盐性鉴定指标和评价方法。结果表明, 150 mmol L?1NaCl处理显著降低大豆的成苗率、株高、地上部鲜重、根鲜重、地上部干重和根干重,并且不同材料间差异显著。基于幼苗生长发育状况的耐盐指数方法与耐盐系数方法对6份种质耐盐性评价结果显著相关。耐盐指数法对植株无损坏、可省略种植对照,节约人力和物力,提高种质鉴定的效率。因此,以150 mmol L?1 NaCl作为出苗期耐盐鉴定浓度,以耐盐指数作为大豆出苗期耐盐鉴定评价指标,鉴定27份大豆资源,获得出苗期高度耐盐大豆(1级) 3份、耐盐大豆(2级) 7份,其中4份苗期也高度耐盐(1级),分别为运豆101、郑1311、皖宿1015和铁丰8号。本研究建立了一种以蛭石为基质,利用150 mmol L?1 NaCl处理,以耐盐指数作为评价指标的大豆出苗期耐盐性鉴定评价的简便方法,并筛选出4份出苗期和苗期均耐盐的大豆,对耐盐大豆种质资源的高效鉴定和耐盐大豆新品种培育具有重要意义。 相似文献
14.
Effect of Pre- and Post-Kinetin Treatments on Salt Tolerance of Different Potato Cultivars Growing on Saline Soils 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Different potato cultivars were subjected to 10 −6 M kinetin treatment prior to the transplantation in saline soils (pre-kinetin treatment) and to the plants already growing on the saline soils (post-kinetin treatment). The kinetine when applied before the exposure of plants to saline soils showed promotory effects on growth, tuberization and some biochemical parameters of potato at 0.5 % salinity. The degree of inhibition in number of tubers and yield was reduced at 1 % salinity due to pre-kinetin treatment. The level of proline, reducing sugars and sodium was increased in different plant parts to maintain the osmoregulation. However, kinetin did not play any specific role in reducing down the increase in proline content resulted due to salinity. The level of K+ was found to be higher at low salinity in all the cultivars of potato. Higher concentrations of proteins and enhanced activity of starch synthetase at low level of salinity suggest the salutary effect of Na+ in metabolic functions of plant cells. The nitrate reductase (NR) activity was appeared to be more sensitive than starch synthetase. This could possibly be due to the localization of the enzyme and the cellular concentration of toxic substances increased under stress. Total Glyoalkaloids (TGA) content was reduced at both the salinity levels irrespective of kinetin treatments. On the contrary Na+ content was increased in all the treatments of kinetin at both levels of salinity. During this study cvs. Red Lasoda, Patrones and Atom alue approved to be more tolerant as compare to rest of the cultivars tested. This could be a combined effect of genetic setup, amendments in saline soils and pre-kinetin treatments of plants exposed to various regimes of salinity. Furthermore it is argued that salt tolerance limit can be extended upto certain level of salinity by pre-kinetin treatment in potato plants. 相似文献
15.
Effect of Soil Moisture and Potassium Fertilizer on Shoot Water Potential, Photosynthesis and Partitioning of Carbon in Mungbean and Cowpea 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effect of different rates of potassium (K+ ) on shoot water potential, photosynthesis and carbon movement (using 14 C) at the V3/4 growth stages was studied in mungbean ( Vigna radiata L. Wilczek), a drought-susceptible legume, and cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), a drought-tolerant legume, grown under low- and high-irrigation regimes under controlled conditions. Soil moisture and K+ affected all measured parameters in the two species. The rate of photosynthesis was higher at reduced water stress when K+ was applied. The impact was greater in cowpea, which had an inherently high rate of carbon assimilation. Mungbean and to a lesser extent cowpea allocated greater quantities of carbon to roots under dry conditions, especially with added K+ . The distribution of 14 C into other plant parts was also increased at higher rates of K+ application under both soil moisture regimes. Thus, application of K+ seems to have a beneficial effect in overcoming soil moisture stress and increasing physiological parameters and carbon partitioning in these two important tropical food legumes. 相似文献
16.
Two barley crops, one fertilized with 120 kg N ha−1 (B120) and the other without nitrogen fertilization (BO), were cultivated for the second year on the same plot. In 1981 the growth and nitrogen content of the whole plant, above- and below-ground parts were measured by sampling every second week. Production was calculated as the difference between annual maximum and minimum amounts of biomass found above- and below-ground. Nitrogen uptake was estimated as the sum of the peak amounts of nitrogen present in the roots and shoots. The amount and concentration of nitrogen in partly decomposed plant debris in the soil was estimated simultaneously with the biomass.
Total net production in B120 was 1004 g m−2 of which the roots constituted 16%. The unfertilized barley produced 558 g m−2 of which 23% were produced below-ground. The maximum amount of living roots found in B120 was 160 g ash-free dry mass m−2 and 128 g m−2 in BO.
In the fertilized treatment 15 g N m−2 (21% in roots) was taken up by the plant, compared to 5.8 g N m−2 (28% in roots) in the unfertilized crop. 相似文献
Total net production in B120 was 1004 g m
In the fertilized treatment 15 g N m
17.
Experiments conducted m a phytotron on three rice varieties of different salinity tolerance revealed an increase in the content of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) with increasing NaCl salinity in IR20 (semi salt-tolerant), but in Pokkali (salt-tolerant) and IR28 (salt-sensitive) the increase in ABA content was marginal. Under sahnity stress, in general, 5 weekly sprayings of ABA (10-4 mol L-1 ) decreased Na and K concentrations in the shoot to the extent of 29.5 % and 3.3 %, respectively. However, ABA application significantly improved the K/Na ratio as well as the chlorophyll fluorescence decrease ratio (Rfd, indicator for potential photosynthetic activity), the number of green leaves per plant and the shoot dry weight. The response of IR20 and IR28 to ABA application was significantly better than that of Pokkali. Increasing salinity caused marked nutrient imbalances, decreased Rfd values and shoot dry weight. The results are discussed in relation to possible mechanism of salinity tolerance. 相似文献
18.
The effect of varying seed rates (100–1000 seeds m−2 ) and nitrogen fertilizer (0–60 kg N ha-1 ) applied either in a single basal dose or in splits was investigated on a tall elongating, photosensitive rice variety, Nalini, under semi-deepwater conditions (0–100cm) during 1993 and 1994 at Cuttack, India. Seedling emergence was higher in 1993 (53.9 %) than in 1994 (44.1 %) and it increased proportionately with increasing seed rate, Increase in the number of tillers and panicles m−2 at higher seed rates was associated with a corresponding decrease in panicle weight. Regression analysis indicated a decrease of 0.91–1.28g in panicle weight for an increase of 100 panicles m−2 . The grain yield of rice was significantly higher at 400 seeds m−2 in 1993 and at 600 seeds m−2 in 1994 than at low seed rates but further increase in seed rate did not increase the yield. Application of N fertilizer increased the panicle number and thereby grain yield significantly. The effect of basal and split applied N at active or maximum tillering stages as well as between 30 and 60 kg N ha−1 was not significant on the grain yield. The results suggest that a basal dose of 30kg N ha−1 and seeding density of 400–600 seeds m−2 , resulting in 40–50 % seedling emergence and 150–200 panicles m−2 , each with 2.0–2.5 g weight, may be adequate for optimum productivity of rice under semideepwater conditions. 相似文献
19.
NaCl-resistant (selected at 300 mM NaCl) and non-selected cell lines of Vigna radiata were compared for growth, various ions and metabolites at weekly intervals up to 28 days of culture in the presence or absence of NaCl (0–300 mM). The sale-resistant line grew significantly better than the non-selected line at NaCl concentrations higher than 50 mM. The resistant line accumulated significantly more Na+ and maintained higher levels of K+ under NaCl stress than the non-selected line. Both lines accumulated various metabolites, e.g. protein, proline and soluble amino-nitrogen under stress, but this accumulation was greater in the non-selected line than in the resistant one. On the other hand, total content of reducing sugars and sucrose (soluble sugars) was significantly higher in the latter than the former. Moreover, the concentration of soluble sugars in resistant calli was much higher than the other intracellular metabolites. Thus, sugars and ions are likely the major osmoregulants in the resistant line of V. radiata under salt stress. 相似文献
20.
Effects of chlormequat chloride (CCC), ethephon and mixtures of CCC and ethephon, applied at Zadoks growth stage (ZGS) 30 (the beginning of stem elongation) on the number of spike-bearing shoots and their contribution to grain yields of four spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were studied in 1987 and 1988 at McGill University, Quebec, Canada. The results varied between years and among cultivars. The mixtures of CCC and ethephon or ethephon alone, produced significant increases in the number of spikes m−2 in cultivars Joly and Laurier , in both years, and in Leger only in 1988. Ethephon and ethephon containing mixtures reduced the yields of Joly and Leger in 1988. In both years CCC had no effect on spikes m−2 for all cultivars. Increases in spikes m−2 were accompanied by decreases in 1000-grain weight, and/or grains per spike, which offset or more than offset potential benefits from increased spikes m−2 . These results indicate that under continental climatic conditions such as those prevalent in Quebec, Canada, application of PGRs to spring barley at ZGS 30 does not increase grain yield through an increased number of spikes m−2 . 相似文献