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1.
室内用PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫培养实验研究了不同水分条件下不同化学物质浸种对小麦种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:GA浸种显著地提高了小麦的发芽势、发芽指数和苗高,MnSO4及含有MnSO4的化学物质浸种降低了其发芽率和发芽指数.PP333和MnSO4单独浸种显著提高了小麦的根系干重,但二者的混合处理的小麦根系干重却有所降低.在水分胁迫情况下,用化学物质浸种可以有效地防止水分不足对苗高的影响.GA+MnSO4处理的小麦在水分胁迫后,根系干重及干物质累积量有明显的提高,说明在水分胁迫条件下,利用GA+MnSO4处理具有促进根系生长,培育小麦壮苗的突出作用.  相似文献   

2.
为明确常用杀虫剂对小麦抗氧化性的影响,研究了小麦幼苗期用不同浓度氧乐果和吡虫啉的营养液处理后144 h内对其过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。结果表明:用400、800和1 600 mg/L的氧乐果处理小麦幼苗后24 h,POD活性均显著降低;1 600 mg/L的氧乐果处理后6 h,其CAT活性比对照降低了32.9%;各浓度氧乐果处理后144 h,GR活性均显著降低。而用25、50和100 mg/L的吡虫啉处理小麦幼苗后144 h内,只有50 mg/L处理组在12 h时的POD活性比对照升高了65.0%。杀虫剂对小麦幼苗中3种抗氧化酶活性的影响不仅与药剂种类有关,还具有一定的剂量效应与时间效应。  相似文献   

3.
采用喷洒不同浓度的壳聚糖溶液处理小麦,测定小麦发芽势、发芽率、干(湿)重、胚根长、胚芽长,及干旱胁迫下超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性.结果表明:壳聚糖处理可提高小麦种子萌发等生理特性;干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗SOD、POD及CAT活性均高于对照组(CK);随着干旱时间的延续,POD活...  相似文献   

4.
以番茄幼苗为材料,研究了50 mg/g 的赤霉素(GA3)和清水浸种后用不同浓度的聚乙二醇(0、40、80、120 mg/g)胁迫对番茄种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:40 mg/g的聚乙二醇胁迫对番茄种子的萌发率、发芽指数、幼苗株高、根长有促进作用,120 mg/g的聚乙二醇明显抑制种子的萌发率、发芽指数、幼苗株高、根长;不同浓度的聚乙二醇胁迫明显降低了幼苗的叶绿素含量.用50 mg/g GA3浸种后明显增加聚乙二醇胁迫下番茄种子的萌发率、发芽指数、幼苗株高、根长和叶绿素含量.用50 m g/g GA3浸种对番茄幼苗的生长有一定的促进作用.  相似文献   

5.
壳聚糖对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以小麦品种偃展08231和小偃986为材料,在150 mmol·L~(-1)Na Cl胁迫处理下,研究了不同浓度的外源壳聚糖(CTS)对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫下,0.1%~0.5%CTS浸种预处理的小麦种子具有较高的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和ɑ-淀粉酶活性,两个品种均以0.3%的CTS处理效果最佳,与对照相比偃展08231和小偃986的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数分别提高27.84%和25.33%、9.94%和19.95%、38.49%和32.30%,72.72%和82.83%;0.1%~0.5%CTS处理小麦幼苗具有较高的株高、鲜重和干重,其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性和脯氨酸含量以及根系活力均较高,而丙二醛(MDA)含量较低,其中以0.3%CTS处理效果最好,与对照相比偃展08231和小偃986的株高、鲜重和干重分别提高32.60%和36.74%、26.08%和38.77%、24.05%和35.87%。CTS对小偃986盐胁迫的缓解作用强于对偃展08231的作用。说明一定浓度的外源CTS浸种可促进盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长,减缓盐胁迫伤害。  相似文献   

6.
冠菌素诱导水稻幼苗抗旱性的生理效应   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
以水稻日本晴为材料,在正常生长条件和用质量分数为17.5%的聚乙二醇(PEG)模拟干旱条件下,分析了0.1 μmoL/L冠菌素(coronatine,COR)处理对水稻幼苗生物量的积累、叶片中抗氧化酶[超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及过氧化物酶(POD) ]活性以及渗透调节物质(脯氨酸和可溶性糖)、可溶性蛋白、内源激素[脱落酸(ABA)、吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)、茉莉酸甲酯(Me-JA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)和赤霉素(GA4)]含量的影响。结果表明:在正常条件下,COR处理对幼苗生物量的积累、抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质和可溶性蛋白的含量均无显著影响,但可增加其体内ZR和GA4 2种激素的含量;在模拟干旱胁迫条件下,COR处理可促进幼苗生物量的积累,维持较高的抗氧化酶活性,促进叶片中脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的积累,调节植物体内渗透势,维持[JP2]细胞膨压,同时促进ABA和ZR含量大量累积。研究结果表明,COR通过增强水稻叶片中抗氧化酶活性、调节体内渗透调节物质以及内源激素的含量,可改善水稻幼苗在干旱胁迫条件下的耐旱能力。  相似文献   

7.
用蘸根和叶面喷施不同浓度油菜素内酯(BRs)的方法,在人工控制土壤水分条件下,对黄土高原重要造林树种文冠果苗木重要的抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量变化进行研究。结果表明,用0.05~0.4 mg/L BRs处理文冠果苗木,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在中度干旱胁迫下较清水对照增加,但差异不显著,重度胁迫下增加显著;在中度和重度胁迫下,各处理文冠果苗木过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均较清水对照升高,且差异显著;在中度和重度胁迫下,5个浓度BRs处理对抗坏血酸(ASA)和还原型谷光甘肽(GSH)含量均具显著的增加效应。轻度和重度胁迫下,0.2 mg/L BRs处理对文冠果苗木抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的增加效应均最为显著。  相似文献   

8.
干旱胁迫下壳聚糖对小麦幼苗保护酶活性的影响   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
用分光光度法测定小麦超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,研究干旱胁迫下喷洒壳聚糖对小麦幼苗保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:各实验组小麦幼苗SOD、POD及CAT活性均高于对照组,干旱期各组小麦幼苗生理特性差异较小,但干旱后实验组恢复情况强于对照组。壳聚糖溶液喷洒对干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗保护酶活性有明显提高作用。  相似文献   

9.
在自然干旱条件下,进行田间小区试验,用1%CaCl2,50 μg/mlGA及其1:1的Ca GA混合剂处理小麦种子,观察对后期生长(灌浆期)某些生理变化与籽粒产量的关系。结果表明,药剂处理对灌浆期叶片含水量、叶绿素含量、光合作用参数、籽粒干物质积累都有不同程度的效应,其中以Ca^2 处理的效果最佳,这些结果与考种参数综合分析是一致的,其原因是籽粒产量不仅受生长后期一些生理活动的影响,也受生长初期的影响,而经Ca GA处理后成苗率高,成穗株数较多,对环境条件变化表现出较强的适应能力。  相似文献   

10.
腐植酸浸种对盐碱胁迫下小麦根系抗氧化系统的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用中性盐( NaCl)和碱性盐(NaHCO3)混合模拟不同浓度盐碱胁迫条件,对龙麦26和克旱16两种同基因型春小麦进行腐植酸浸种处理.分别测定根系氧离子自由基、丙二醛和谷胱甘肽含量,以及过氧化物酶超氧化物歧化酶活性,以探讨腐植酸对盐碱两种胁迫下小麦根系抗氧化系统的调控效应.结果表明:随着盐碱迫浓度的提高,小麦幼苗根系...  相似文献   

11.

BACKGROUND

The setting and following of phytosanitary standards for weed seeds can lessen the impacts of weeds on agriculture. Standards adopted by seed companies, laboratories and regulators ensure the contamination rates do not exceed some thresholds. Globally sample size standards are set based on the amount needed to obtain a contaminant in a random sample of the seed lot, not detectability. New Zealand requires a 95% confidence that the maximum pest limit of 0.01% of quarantine weed seed contamination is not exceeded in an imported seed lot. We examined 24 samples each containing approximately 150 000 seeds of either perennial ryegrass (12 samples) or white clover seeds (12 samples) that were then spiked with seeds (contaminants) from 12 non-crop species (3–8 seeds of each). We considered factors that may impact detection rates: shape, color, size, and texture relative to the crop, and technician (including a commercial seed laboratory).

RESULTS

A linear mixed model fitted to the data indicated significant observer, crop, and seed color, shape, and size effects on detection. Detectability increased by 20% ± 7.7 (± standard error) when seeds had a distinct shape or color (28% ± 8.1), or were larger (23% ± 8.7) rather than smaller, relative to the crop. Commercial laboratory identifications were usually correct at the level of genus, and species for common weeds, but some misidentifications occurred.

CONCLUSION

Sample sizes for border inspections should be based on detectability of regulated weed seeds in the crop in combination with weed risk for the crop and location. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

12.
选择先玉335、郑单958和吉祥1号三个杂交种制种田,于授粉后32 d每隔5 d采收果穗直到授粉后72 d,测定种子电导率、标准发芽率和冷浸发芽率,次年测定田间出苗率以及上述指标,对比分析不同收获期种子在贮藏过程中的变化及其贮藏特性。研究结果表明,随着收获期的推迟,玉米杂交种种子贮藏后标准发芽率和冷浸发芽率降幅减小,电导率的增幅也减小,并且收获后期种子的贮藏性高于前期收获的种子。在授粉后32~47 d、47~62 d、62~72 d采收种子的标准发芽率平均降低6.90%、4.99%、4.48%,前期发芽率的降低速率为中后期的3.75倍;冷浸发芽率依次降低9.70%、13.33%、10.78%,降低幅度明显高于标准发芽率,说明低温冷害后的贮藏性降低。对于不同基因型的玉米杂交种种子,其贮藏后标准发芽率、冷浸发芽率降低程度也不同,先玉335分别降低2%和6.8%,吉祥1号分别降低3.5%和6.9%,郑单958降低3.7%和15%,电导率却依次增大,分别为0.46μs·cm~(-1)·g~(-1)(先玉335)、0.56μs·cm~(-1)·g~(-1)(吉祥1号)、0.49μs·cm~(-1)·g~(-1)(郑单958),说明贮藏10个月后郑单958种子活力衰退幅度最大,贮藏性最差,其次为吉祥1号,先玉335最小,而在活力衰退最小范围内先玉335的适宜收获期为授粉后47~57 d,吉祥1号为授粉后52~57 d,郑单958为授粉后57~62 d,为获得高活力种子提供理论依据。  相似文献   

13.
The incidence of Chalara elegans ( =Thielaviopsis basicola ) was determined in seven commercial groundnut seed samples in the Vaalharts area of South Africa. It was demonstrated that 1.19% of the seeds were infected by the pathogen. Surface contamination of visually healthy seeds from the same samples was confirmed by testing seed washings for viable propagules of C. elegans on raw carrot dises. Naturally infected seed planted in autoclaved soil in the greenhouse resulted in 34.4% severely diseased plants. These results indicate that seed-borne inoculum may be an important factor in the transmission of this disease.  相似文献   

14.
《EPPO Bulletin》1996,26(2):273-283
  相似文献   

15.
Weed management requires a better understanding of the dynamics of the weed seedbank, which is a primary source of weeds in a field. Seeds reaching the ground after seed rain replenish the seedbank and therefore contribute to future weed infestations. Our investigation is based on the hypothesis that a permanent vegetation cover, such as a grassland, can prevent weed seeds from reaching the ground. Therefore, we developed an innovative experimental device to simulate in controlled conditions the seed rain of 12 weed species (Capsella bursa‐pastoris, Conyza canadensis, Myosotis arvensis, Papaver rhoeas, Poa annua, Polygonum aviculare, Ranunculus sp., Rumex obtusifolius, Sonchus asper, Stellaria media, Taraxacum officinale and Veronica persicaria). We quantified the interception of weed seeds by a grass cover. Grass cover height, seed size and seed appendage (e.g. pappus, wing or awn) increased seed interception, in contrast to seed weight and shape index. From these results, we established a linear model to predict weed seed interception by a grass cover as a function of their seed trait values. The relationship between the predicted interception and weed community dynamics observed in grasslands was negative for some species, indicating that other processes may be involved depending on weed species. The weed seed interception model will be incorporated into an existing model of weed population dynamics to simulate the impact of grassland insertion into arable crop rotations.  相似文献   

16.
In a search for alternatives to currently used fungicides, the potential of aqueous Moringa seed extract (AMSE) as a seed treatment was evaluated. Seeds of groundnut, Arachis hypogea L cv Dakar, were soaked in AMSE at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g litre(-1) for 24 h. Comparison was made with Apron Plus (metalaxyl+carboxin+furathiocarb), until recently a recommended seed-treatment chemical, and distilled water, which was the medium for extraction of Moringa seeds. The results showed that AMSE has potential for use as a biofungicide on groundnut seeds, since all the concentrations used except 1 g litre(-1) brought about significant reduction in the incidence of fungi on the seeds, such reduction increasing as the dosage of AMSE increased. There were no significant differences in control between the highest concentration of AMSE (20 g litre(-1)) and Apron Plus at the manufacturer's recommended level. Water also produced slight reductions in the incidence of fungi, although this was not significant at P = 0.05. The sensitivity to AMSE of the fungi tested varied, Mucor sp being the most sensitive and Aspergillus niger the least, with Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus flavus intermediate.  相似文献   

17.
通过生长性试验、症状观察、PCR扩增及序列测定,从一批进境的大丽花种子上发现大丽花花叶病毒(Dahlia mosaic virus,DMV)。序列比对结果表明,发现的DMV分离物与DMV-D10存在较近的亲缘关系。根据已报道引物P3/P4的测序结果,并将其与已有的DMV序列进行比对,设计1对预期扩增片段为750 bp的检测引物P5/P6。实验结果证实,P5/P6的扩增效率优于已报道的引物P1/P2和P3/P4,适用于DMV的分子检测。  相似文献   

18.
水肥用量对制种玉米水肥利用及种子活力的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为明确水肥耦合对垄膜沟灌制种玉米产量及种子活力的影响,提出适宜高活力种子的最佳水肥耦合模式.试验采用3414设计,三因子为水分因子、氮肥因子和磷肥因子,2016—2017年在甘肃省农业科学院张掖节水农业试验站进行定位观测试验,分析了不同水肥模式对制种玉米水肥利用、产量及种子活力的影响.结果表明:制种玉米产量在不同灌水水...  相似文献   

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