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1.
《渔业科学进展》2017,(3)
对一株有脱氮作用的巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)进行简易发酵,以对虾饲料及赤砂糖为培养基,通过正交实验及发酵条件优化,在对虾饲料3 g/L、赤砂糖6 g/L、接种量1×10~8 CFU/ml、发酵温度31℃、装液量40%条件下,发酵24 h可获得活菌数为1.16×10~(10) CFU/ml的发酵产物。使用发酵得到的巨大芽孢杆菌进行凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生物絮团养殖实验。结果显示,添加芽孢杆菌和赤砂糖的增强絮团组的絮团形成速度较添加赤砂糖的絮团组及传统养殖的对照组明显提升(P0.05),整体上增强絮团组的亚硝酸氮水平与絮团组和对照组差异显著(P0.05)。养殖结束时,添加巨大芽孢杆菌组的对虾体长、体重水平均显著高于另2组。本研究建立了一种简单可行的功能益生菌发酵方式,并验证添加功能益生菌可提高生物絮团技术在对虾养殖中的效果。 相似文献
2.
对一株有脱氮作用的巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)进行简易发酵,以对虾饲料及赤砂糖为培养基,通过正交实验及发酵条件优化,在对虾饲料3 g/L、赤砂糖6g/L、接种量1×108 CFU/ml、发酵温度31℃、装液量40％条件下,发酵24 h可获得活菌数为1.16× 1010 CFU/ml的发酵产物.使用发酵得到的巨大芽孢杆菌进行凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生物絮团养殖实验.结果显示,添加芽孢杆菌和赤砂糖的增强絮团组的絮团形成速度较添加赤砂糖的絮团组及传统养殖的对照组明显提升(P＜0.05),整体上增强絮团组的亚硝酸氮水平与絮团组和对照组差异显著(P＜0.05).养殖结束时,添加巨大芽孢杆菌组的对虾体长、体重水平均显著高于另2组.本研究建立了一种简单可行的功能益生菌发酵方式,并验证添加功能益生菌可提高生物絮团技术在对虾养殖中的效果. 相似文献
3.
从对虾养殖池中分离到1株细菌(编号2013042402,简称菌株02),分别用16S rDNA序列比对法和细菌全细胞脂肪酸气相色谱法对该菌进行鉴定.结果显示,菌株02为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.).为探讨该芽孢杆菌在生物絮团对虾养殖中的使用效果,实验分别设置加菌加糖组(菌株02的量为2.0× 104 CFU/ml,蔗糖量为饵料的70％)、加菌组、加糖组(生物絮团组)及空白对照组,研究了菌株02对养殖水质(温度、盐度、溶氧、pH、氨氮及亚硝酸氮)、对虾存活率及水体中主要菌群组成等指标的影响.结果显示,加菌加糖组能显著降低养殖水体中的氨氮和亚硝酸氮浓度,提高对虾存活率.生物絮团对虾养殖系统中添加菌株02,能够改善菌群结构,抑制弧菌生长.研究结果可为生物絮团对虾养殖中定向培养有益微生物提供技术支持. 相似文献
4.
分别向凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）养殖水体中添加芽孢杆菌（处理A）、芽孢杆菌＋粉碎甘蔗渣（处理B）、芽孢杆菌＋粉碎-蒸煮甘蔗渣（处理c）,检测养殖环境中的氨氮、亚硝态氮和硝态氮含量、水体中总菌数、水体中絮团含量和对虾生长指标,评估添加甘蔗渣和芽孢杆菌对对虾生长及养殖环境的影响。60天的养殖结果表明,养殖前期处理组B、处理组c的氨氮（TAN）浓度显著低于处理组A（P〈0．05）;甘蔗渣和芽孢杆菌的添加能够提高水体中生物絮团含量,养殖10天以后,处理组B和处理组C的生物絮团含量分别维持在6-3～20 ml／L、8．3～30 ml／L,各时期都显著高于处理组A（维持在2．7～8.3 ml／L）（P〈0．05）;处理组B、处理组c收获时对虾平均体重分别为8．56±0．21 g、8．84±0．26 g,显著大于处理组A（7．66±0．40 g）（P〈0．05）。 相似文献
5.
《渔业现代化》2020,(3)
通过高通量测序分析生物絮团系统在氮转化过程中的水体菌群多样性变化。试验设置对照组和试验组,对照组水体为清洁的消毒海水,试验组为生物絮团组,试验周期30 d。结果显示:试验组氨氮在第5天达到最大质量浓度(2.99 mg/L),此后降低至趋于0 mg/L;对照组在第9天达到最大质量浓度(7.51 mg/L),之后降低至趋于0 mg/L。试验组亚硝酸盐氮在第17天达到最大质量浓度(12.54 mg/L),之后降低至趋于0 mg/L;对照组在试验周期内呈不断升高的趋势,在第30天达到13.42 mg/L。试验组的硝酸盐氮质量浓度高于对照组,在第30天两组分别达到19.56和6.31 mg/L。生物絮团系统具有明显的消除氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的能力,试验组的氮转化速率快于对照组。高通量测序显示,生物絮团系统微生物的菌群丰度和多样性指数随养殖周期的增加均显著增加,不同时期差异显著。试验共鉴定出23个门549个属,在门水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度随时间增加而降低(从67.72%降至44.45%),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)随时间增加而增加(分别从5.99%和6.68%增至16.06%和19.02%)。与氮转化有关的主要的菌有Ardenscatena和Nitrospiraceae(硝化螺旋菌),相对丰度随时间增加而增加(分别从0.34%和0.07%增加至12.69%和0.2%)。生物絮团系统的功能与微生物多样性在养殖周期中呈显著变化。本研究对提高生物絮团系统养殖模式的利用效率具有参考价值。 相似文献
6.
不同碳源对凡纳滨对虾育苗标粗水体生物絮团的结构、营养成分、细菌群落及其水质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研究凡纳滨对虾育苗标粗阶段生物絮团形成所需要的适合碳源,设计3种不同碳源添加组(葡萄糖组、淀粉组和蔗糖组),每个处理组设置3个重复,实验期20 d,以分析不同碳源添加后对水体生物絮团的形成、营养成分、细菌群落结构及水质指标的影响。结果显示,在碳源添加量均为投喂量的80%时,形成的生物絮团可有效调节水质,降低水体中的氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮水平。3个碳源添加组水样中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮浓度显著低于对照组,淀粉组水样中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮浓度显著高于葡萄糖组和蔗糖组;最终对虾存活率统计结果显示,葡萄糖组、淀粉组、蔗糖组和对照组分别为72.9%、54.2%、69.8%和44.3%;淀粉组的生物絮团沉降体积(BFV)显著低于葡萄糖组,蔗糖组BFV最高,在13～15 d后3组均趋于稳定;葡萄糖组和蔗糖组的粗蛋白含量均显著高于淀粉组,葡萄糖组和蔗糖组则差异不显著;葡萄糖组和蔗糖组生物絮团中组氨酸、精氨酸、蛋氨酸等必需氨基酸和天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸等非必需氨基酸含量都显著高于淀粉组;葡萄糖组、淀粉组和蔗糖组的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)值分别为0.93、0.89和0.92。3种类型生物絮团在门级水平的细菌群落共有18余种,其中变形菌门和拟杆菌门在各组占有比例均最高,淀粉组拟杆菌门含量显著高于其他2组,蔗糖组浮霉菌门和放线菌门含量显著高于葡萄糖组和淀粉组。研究表明,添加不同碳源可影响水体生物絮团的形成、营养成分、细菌群落结构和多样性,不同程度地改善水质。以必须氨基酸指数及存活率为评价指标,则葡萄糖和蔗糖都是凡纳滨对虾育苗标粗水体中适宜的碳源选择。 相似文献
7.
在日本囊对虾Marsupenaeus japonicus室内集约化养殖水体中添加红糖和枯草芽胞杆菌及其强化发酵液,研究其对养殖水质及日本囊对虾生长与存活的影响。结果表明,处理组水体在14d时即可形成具生物絮团特征的絮状物,镜检显示,该絮状物包含细菌、单胞藻、原生动物和无定形碎屑。对照组水体中的无机氮总产生量为56.2g/m2,而处理组水体中的无机氮总产生量为4.13g/m2;与对照组相比,处理组水体的COD和活性磷酸盐含量显著提高;对照组日本囊对虾产量为0.55kg/m2,处理组产量为0.65kg/m2;每千克对虾耗用水量对照组为28t,处理组为3.4t。研究结果表明,在水体中添加红糖和枯草芽孢杆菌不失为一种有效的对虾集约化养殖的水质调控技术。 相似文献
8.
采用模拟实验与现场实验相结合的方法,通过添加3种微生态制剂及碳水化合物作为碳源,研究了其在生物絮团形成与水质调节中的作用,并分析了其对水中无机氮含量、悬浮物、细菌总数及幼参生长的影响,为阐明生物絮团在刺参工厂化苗种培育中的生态环境调控作用提供依据。结果表明,亚硝态氮易于在培育池水体中累积,可高达0.25 mg/L;添加芽孢杆菌后,水中总悬浮物含量和细菌总数均为最高值,且未检测到弧菌和大肠菌群;第20天,仅添加蔗糖组幼参增重与特定生长率均明显高于其他复合碳源组和对照组(P0.05),分别为44.34 g和2.19%/d;而添加蔗糖和芽孢杆菌组增重与特定生长率均明显高于其他处理组和对照组(P0.05),分别为66.60 g和3.01%/d;复合碳源组幼参增重与特定生长率随着玉米淀粉含量增加而逐渐降低,但与对照差异均不显著(P0.05)。结果显示,以蔗糖为碳源,添加芽孢杆菌形成的生物絮团不仅可以改善水体水质和微生态结构,还可以明显促进幼参的生长。 相似文献
9.
《渔业科学进展》2014,(4)
采用模拟实验与现场实验相结合的方法,通过添加3种微生态制剂及碳水化合物作为碳源,研究了其在生物絮团形成与水质调节中的作用,并分析了其对水中无机氮含量、悬浮物、细菌总数及幼参生长的影响,为阐明生物絮团在刺参工厂化苗种培育中的生态环境调控作用提供依据。结果表明,亚硝态氮易于在培育池水体中累积,可高达0.25 mg/L;添加芽孢杆菌后,水中总悬浮物含量和细菌总数均为最高值,且未检测到弧菌和大肠菌群;第20天,仅添加蔗糖组幼参增重与特定生长率均明显高于其他复合碳源组和对照组(P0.05),分别为44.34 g和2.19%/d;而添加蔗糖和芽孢杆菌组增重与特定生长率均明显高于其他处理组和对照组(P0.05),分别为66.60 g和3.01%/d;复合碳源组幼参增重与特定生长率随着玉米淀粉含量增加而逐渐降低,但与对照差异均不显著(P0.05)。结果显示,以蔗糖为碳源,添加芽孢杆菌形成的生物絮团不仅可以改善水体水质和微生态结构,还可以明显促进幼参的生长。 相似文献
10.
《福建水产》2015,(5)
为提高凡纳滨对虾种苗生产的生态化水平,分别以蔗糖、葡萄糖、淀粉为添加碳源,添加量为投饵量的50%,同时添加地衣芽孢杆菌,在1 000 L的水体中进行凡纳滨对虾生物絮团技术育苗实验。结果表明添加碳源组絮团含量明显高于对照组(不添加碳源和芽孢杆菌),且蔗糖组絮团的形成比淀粉组和葡萄糖组早;蔗糖组和葡萄糖组的氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量均显著低于对照组和淀粉组,其亚硝酸盐峰值浓度分别比对照组降低25.4%和31.4%,且未换水即自行下降;添加碳源各组絮团的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量均显著高于对照组,粗蛋白含量最高的蔗糖组达到32.6%。仔虾幼体P14时,葡萄糖组和蔗糖组的仔虾体长分别比对照组增长22.8%和19.2%(P0.01),差异极显著。表明在凡纳滨对虾生物絮团技术育苗中,蔗糖和葡萄糖作为添加碳源是合适的。 相似文献
11.
Laban C. Lindley 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(2):96-109
Copepod nauplii are a nutritious food item for first-feeding marine fish larvae. Unfortunately, mass culture techniques for producing copepod nauplii are not well established. Copepod nauplii can be collected from wild zooplankton populations or specially prepared ponds and transferred to larval fish tanks for feeding. This study evaluated the use of two trapping methods for harvesting zooplankton, particularly copepod nauplii, from fertilized ponds and the impact on the zooplankton population. Nine, 0.11 ha brackish-water (～2-7 ppt salinity) ponds were filled and fertilized with organic and inorganic fertilizers. The change in zooplankton abundance, mainly rotifers, nauplii and adult copepods, was monitored in the ponds for 22 d following initial pond filling. Beginning on day 8, three ponds were trapped with a large plankton net (Trap I), three with a pump and bag trap method (Trap II), and three ponds were not trapped. The ponds were trapped with the corresponding method for 1 h per day, for 15 d. The two trapping methods were similar in their efficiency to harvest nauplii, averaging 8,383,400 ± 2,508,378/h and 6,695,822 ± 433,533/h for Traps I and II, respectively. The zooplankton harvested by Trap I was not correlated to the densities in the ponds. However, the number of rotifers and nauplii harvested by Trap II was correlated to the rotifer and nauplii densities in the ponds. Both trapping methods were similar in terms of labor requirements and ease of use. Both methods were effective in collecting zooplankton without negatively impacting pond abundance. 相似文献
12.
为探讨枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)在鱼类养殖池塘中的生态作用,采用直接往养殖水体中投放该制剂的方法,研究分析微生物数量及其与环境因子的相关关系。结果显示,枯草芽孢杆菌,实验池数量为0.35×10~3~1.45×10~3cfu/m L,对照池为0.04×10~3~0.08×10~3cfu/m L;浮游植物生物量,实验池为0.094~1.521 mg/L,对照池为0.103~0.763 mg/L,实验池中枯草芽孢杆菌数量和浮游植物生物量均高于对照组。试验鱼塘中枯草芽孢杆菌与硅藻数量呈显著正相关,相关系数0.844(P0.05);当溶氧≥6 mg/L时,枯草芽孢杆菌与亚硝酸盐氮含量呈显著负相关,相关系数-0.915(P0.05)。溶氧过低(2 mg/L)时,枯草芽孢杆菌对亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮没有明显的降解作用;溶氧≥6 mg/L时,对亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮的降解作用明显。研究表明,投放适量浓度的枯草芽孢杆菌能有效改善养殖水体状况,对水质起到进一步净化作用。 相似文献
13.
通过向养殖水体中泼洒糖蜜构建生物絮团养殖模式,分析生物絮团营养组成,并探讨生物絮团对罗氏沼虾体组成和消化酶活性的影响。试验分对照组和试验组(生物絮团组),其中试验组在养殖过程中泼洒糖蜜。试验在室内水泥池内(2 m×2 m×0.6 m)进行,每个处理有3个重复,每个重复225尾虾(0.26 g±0.02 g),试验周期为90 d。养殖过程中不换水,糖蜜的泼洒量根据饲料投喂量进行计算(C/N为20)。结果显示:添加糖蜜能够显著促进生物絮团的形成,到第90天时,试验组的絮团体积达21.22 mL/L;而对照组为6.03 mL/L;试验组絮团粗蛋白含量为29.47%,粗脂肪含量为4.32%,二者均显著高于对照组,而粗灰分含量为11.36%,显著低于对照组;泼洒糖蜜对罗氏沼虾体组成的影响不显著,对照组和试验组肌肉粗蛋白含量分别为21.09%和21.20%,粗脂肪含量分别为2.91%和3.06%;另外,向水体中泼洒糖蜜对罗氏沼虾消化酶活性影响显著。试验组罗氏沼虾肠脂肪酶活性、胃脂肪酶活性和胰脂肪酶活性均显著高于对照组;试验组罗氏沼虾糜蛋白酶活性、胰蛋白酶活性也均显著高于对照组。但泼洒糖蜜对肠淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶、胃淀粉酶、胰淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性没有显著影响。试验表明,生物絮团营养组成丰富,能够有效提高消化酶活性。 相似文献
14.
Carbon supplementation and microbial management to stimulate artemia biomass production in hypersaline culture conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 Meirong Gao Jiao Wang Guannan Ma Gilbert Van Stappen Liying Sui 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(3):1240-1250
Two Artemia culture experiments were conducted in a zero water exchange system at salinity 80 g L?1. In Experiment I, different carbon sources including molasses, glucose, sucrose and corn flour were given to supplement suboptimal feeding with the microalgae Dunaliella viridis, whereas the control was fed only D. viridis. In Experiment II, molasses was supplemented to the culture medium, as well as the bacteria Alkalibacterium sp. or the archaea Halobacterium sp., isolated from the brine in the local saltponds. The control groups were fed only with D. viridis or with D. viridis and molasses. Our study shows that in laboratory culture biofloc development can be stimulated under hypersaline conditions. Supplementation of carbon sources, bacteria and archaea benefited biofloc development, water quality in terms of nitrogen load and enhanced Artemia production. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis on the bioflocs also indicates an increased biodiversity and richness of the microbial community in the culture medium. These results need to be confirmed for large scale Artemia pond production, in which case, we recommend molasses as carbon source. 相似文献
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Jinghao Li Jiayao Li Wei Li Ying Sun Xiaofei Liu Mingming Liu Yongxu Cheng 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(7):1834-1843
A 60‐day study comparing the growth performance; proximate composition and the digestive, immune and antioxidant enzyme activities of juvenile red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) reared using biofloc technology (the biofloc group) or a commercial diet (the control group) in zero‐water exchange indoor tanks was performed. A commercial diet was fed to both groups, and the daily feeding amount in the biofloc group was 40% less than that in the control group. Wheat bran and glucose were used in the biofloc group to ensure a C/N ratio >15 and the same feeding energy as that given to the control group. After 60 days of feeding, the final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate in the biofloc group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Furthermore, proximate composition analysis showed that the total hepatopancreatic lipid and ash contents of the biofloc group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the intestinal and hepatopancreatic pepsin activities in crayfish in the biofloc group were higher than those in crayfish in the control group. Moreover, higher hepatopancreatic lipase and cellulase activities were observed for the biofloc group than for the control group. Biofloc technology promoted the health of the crayfish in terms of their immune and antioxidant enzyme activities. Based on the results of this study, biofloc technology is more effective than traditional commercial diets for the farming of juvenile crayfish. 相似文献
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从刺参(Stichopus japonicus)养殖池塘底泥中分离芽孢杆菌,筛选后获得1株优势目的菌株YT-2;根据形态学特征和生理生化特性结果,将其鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。安全性试验证实,枯草芽孢杆菌YT-2对孔雀鱼(Poecilia reticulata)和南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)无毒性;水质净化试验结果显示,10d后菌株YT-2对养殖水体中氨氮和亚硝酸盐的降解率分别为81.9%和64.3%,表明该菌对净化养殖池塘水质有明显的作用,具有作为益生菌开发应用的潜力。 相似文献
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We evaluated the technical feasibility of reducing water dependency of rohu, Labeo rohita, culture with biofloc under light-limited indoor culture. Biofloc and control treatments were conducted in 700-L indoor tanks at three different stocking densities (STD): 1.3, 2.6, and 3.9 Nos. fish m?2 of surface area of tank for a period of 90 days. In biofloc treatment, fish were fed 20% crude protein feed and extra organic carbon in the form of wheat flour, whereas in case of control treatment they were fed 30% crude protein feed only. Fish survival was 100% in both the treatments. Lower stocking density produced larger fish, but growth was similar within stocking densities among control and biofloc treatments. The nutritional quality of biofloc was found to be quite suitable for rohu. Frequency of water exchange was significantly less in biofloc treatments as compared to the control ones. 相似文献
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不同C/N对草鱼池生物絮团的形成及水质的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究草鱼池生物絮团形成所需的适合C/N,实验分析不同C/N水平对水泥池中生物絮团的形成、水质及草鱼生长的影响。对照组投喂基础饲料(C/N为10.8∶1),实验组在基础饲料上添加葡萄糖,控制C/N分别为15∶1、20∶1和25∶1。结果显示,当C/N≥15时,形成的生物絮团可以有效的调节水质,降低水体中的氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮水平;各组的生物絮团体积指数(FVI)随养殖时间逐步增加,在第14天趋于稳定;随着C/N增高,尽管实验组水体中形成的生物絮团粗蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但是草鱼生长却呈下降趋势。综合而言,生物絮团技术应用于草鱼养殖适宜的C/N为15,该比值能促进生物絮团的形成,并能有效降低水中的氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮水平。 相似文献
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Nhi H. Y. Nguyen Lan T. Trinh Da T. Chau Kartik Baruah Torbjrn Lundh Anders Kiessling 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(4):970-979
A 90‐day feeding experiment was conducted in order to test spent brewer's yeast as a replacement for fishmeal in diets for giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) reared in either a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) or a biofloc system. Triplicate groups, each of 20 prawn (6.7 ± 0.03 g), were randomly assigned to 24 identical tanks. Twelve tanks were connected to the RAS, and the other 12 tanks were connected to the biofloc system which were initially supplemented with Bacillus subtilis, molasses and blood meal to achieve a C:N ratio of 20:1. Four iso‐nitrogenous (350 g/kg) and iso‐energetic (19 MJ/kg) diets where 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% of fishmeal protein was replaced by spent brewer's yeast. Neither growth nor survival was affected (p > 0.05) by increasing levels of brewer's yeast. The exception, being fish given 60% replacement with brewer's yeast, reared in biofloc, which displayed a higher (p < 0.05) growth than fish given 40% replacement, reared in clear water. The feed conversion ratio of prawn reared in the biofloc environment was lower than in the clear water. We concluded that spent brewer's yeast represents a possible 60% substitute for fishmeal in giant freshwater prawn diets, especially for prawn reared in a biofloc environment. 相似文献