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1.
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) infection and resulting scours is a major problem for young pigs, especially when purified plant proteins are fed rather than spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP). The effect of supplementing a pea protein isolate (PPI)-based diet with egg yolk antibodies (EYA) from laying hens immunized with ETEC K88 antigen on piglet performance, incidence of scours, and gut histology was studied in a 14-d trial. Ninety-six 10-d-old weaned pigs were assigned to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design to give six replicate pens per treatment. The treatments were PPI without EYA (PPI-EYA), PPI with EYA (PPI+EYA), SDPP without EYA (SDPP-EYA), SDPP with EYA (SDPP+EYA), or a combination of PPI and SDPP (PPI+SDPP). Diets were formulated to similar nutrient levels and provided for ad libitum intake. Blood from all pigs was taken on d 0, 7, and 14 for determining plasma urea N (PUN). On d 7, pigs were orally challenged with 6 mL of 10(10) cfu/ mL ETEC K88. Piglets were weighed on d 7 and 14. On d 7, 8, and 14, four pigs per treatment were sacrificed to study the histology of the small intestine. Weekly feed intake, BW changes, and gain:feed were determined. Fecal swabs from 10 pigs per treatment were taken for a PCR test to detect K88 E. coli. Feed efficiency over the 14-d period was not affected (P > 0.78) by dietary treatment. Mean ADFI on an as-fed basis was lower (P < 0.002) in piglets fed PPI-EYA (64.3 g/d) compared with PPI+EYA (94.8 g/d) or SDPP (102 g/d) during wk 1. Piglets fed PPI-EYA tend to have a lower (P < 0.026) overall ADG (84 g/d) than those fed PPI+EYA (123 g/d) or SDPP (127 g/d) (P < 0.006)-based diets. Although scours was evident in all groups of pigs 6 h after the challenge, most of the piglets fed EYA- or SDPP-containing diets recovered 10 to 72 h postchallenge, whereas those fed PPI-EYA continued to have severe diarrhea, resulting in 33% mortality. The PCR results showed that a greater (P < 0.01) percentage of piglets fed PPI-EYA compared with those fed SDPP- or EYA-containing diets continued to shed ETEC K88 at the end of the 14-d study. Piglets fed PPI-EYA had shorter villi (P < 0.01), higher intestinal pH (P < 0.013), and higher PUN (P < 0.05) than those fed the SDPP- or EYA-containing diets during the entire 14-d study. It was concluded that specific EYA and SDPP could provide passive control of ETEC infection and potentially improve feed intake and weight gain in young pigs fed PPI.  相似文献   

2.
The effect of feeding diets containing either spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) or pea protein-isolate (PPI) supplemented with either egg yolk antibodies (EYA) from hens immunized with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (K88 and F18) antigens, ZnO, fumaric acid (FA), or carbadox (AB) on pig performance, incidence of scours, and gut morphology was studied in a 14-d experiment. Ninety 10-d-old weaned pigs were assigned to six dietary treatments in a completely randomized design to give five pens per treatment with three pigs per pen. The diets were SDPP without EYA (SDPP - EYA), PPI without EYA (PPI - EYA), PPI with EYA (PPI + EYA), PPI with ZnO (PPI + ZnO), PPI with FA (PPI + FA), or PPI with AB (PPI + AB). Diets were formulated to similar nutrient levels, with AB, EYA, FA, and ZnO at 0.25, 0.5, 2.0, and 0.4% of the diet, respectively. Pigs were weighed and bled on d 0, 7, and 14 to determine plasma urea N (PUN). Pigs were orally challenged with a 6-mL dose of 10(10) cfu/mL ETEC (K88) on d 7. On d 14, three pigs per treatment were killed to obtain sections of the small intestine for histological measurements. Weekly feed intake, BW changes, and gain:feed were determined. Incidence of scours and scour scores were monitored and fecal swabs were taken before and after ETEC challenge for PCR test to detect ETEC (K88). Feeding SDPP or supplementing PPI-based diets with EYA, ZnO, FA, or AB did not affect (P > 0.05) ADG, ADFI (as-fed basis), or gain:feed throughout the study. However, pigs fed PPI - EYA tended to have lower (P = 0.08) ADFI during wk 2 (137.9 g/d) and lower (P < 0.10) ADG from d 0 to 14 (100.1 g/d) than those fed the SDPP - EYA (156.6 g/d), PPI + EYA (151.2 g/d), PPI + ZnO (158.9 g/ d), PPI + FA (155.4 g/d), and PPI + AB (152.6 g/d) diets. Although scours was evident in all pigs 8 h after the ETEC challenge, it lasted only 3 to 5 d in pigs fed SDPP or PPI supplemented with EYA, ZnO, FA, or AB. Pigs fed PPI - EYA continued to have severe diarrhea, resulting in 40% mortality vs. 13% or less in the other groups. The PCR results showed that 81% of PPI-fed pigs continued to shed ETEC K88 7 d after ETEC challenge. Pigs fed PPI-EYA had shorter villi (P < 0.05), reduced villi:crypt ratio (P < 0.003), and higher intestinal pH (P < 0.001) and PUN (P < 0.001) than those fed SDPP or PPI supplemented with EYA, ZnO, FA, and AB. In conclusion, SDPP, EYA, ZnO, FA, and AB may have provided passive control to ETEC (K88) infection and potentially enabled young pigs to efficiently utilize a PPI-based diet.  相似文献   

3.
Spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) is a by-product of slaughter plants. The plasma obtained from slaughtered pigs or ruminants is spray-dried and used for the production of human foodstuffs and animal feeds. SDAP added to the diet of weaned piglets has considerable positive effects on the growth performance of piglets. In a meta-analysis, it was calculated from 68 comparisons between SDAP-containing diets and control diets that the SDAP-induced change in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) in the first 2 weeks after weaning was +26.8% and +24.5%, respectively. Two experiments demonstrated that dietary SDAP can reduce post-weaning diarrhoea. The aim of the research described in this thesis was to learn more about the mechanisms underlying the growth- and health-promoting properties of SDAP in the diet of weaned piglets. Results showed that dietary SDPP has positive effects on the post-weaning growth performance and health of piglets. These effects are more pronounced in piglets kept under suboptimal conditions and/or high infection pressure, and in piglets fed on diets lacking anti-microbial growth promoters. SDAP acts by influencing the gastrointestinal microflora: it appears to affect pathogenic bacteria rather than exert a general anti-bacterial effect leading to nutrient sparing, as has been described for anti-microbial growth promoters. SDAP has great potential as treatment for immuno-compromised mammals, such as neonates, and for animals in which antibiotic treatment is not possible, for instance when there is a ban against antibiotics or when multi-resistant bacteria are involved.  相似文献   

4.
Nutritional evaluation of egg byproducts in diets for early-weaned pigs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
A total of 272 Cotswold pigs (17 +/- 1 d) were utilized in three experiments to evaluate the nutritive value of spray-dried egg proteins for early-weaned pigs. In all experiments, pigs were stratified by sex and initial BW and then assigned randomly to experimental diets. In Exp. 1, four corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 7% of either spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP), spray-dried technical albumen (SDTA), SDTA stored at 70 degrees C for 3 d (SDTA-ht), or spray-dried whole egg (SDWE) were assigned to five pens each with four pigs for a 3-wk study period. Average daily gain, ADFI, and gain:feed ratio (G:F) were determined. At the end of wk 3, five pigs per treatment were killed to determine ileal AA and energy digestibilities, as well as Enterobacteriaceae counts. Compared with the SDPP diet, ADG and G:F were lower (P < 0.05) for SDTA-, SDTA-ht- and SDWE-containing diets. Apparent ileal digestibilities of cystine, histidine, isoleucine, methionine, and threonine in the SDPP diet were lower (P < 0.05) than in diets containing spray-dried egg products. Ileal digestible energy content did not differ (P > 0.05) in all diets (3.1 to 3.2 Mcal/kg). Enterobacteriaceae counts were lower in the SDTA-ht diet than in either the SDTA or SDWE diets (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, the effect of substituting SDPP with varying levels of SDTA was investigated. Diets were randomly assigned to five pens (except for the 100% SDTA diet, which had four pens), each with four pigs. Average daily gain, ADFI, and G:F decreased linearly as the level of SDTA was increased in the diet (P < 0.05). Replacing SDPP with SDTA at 25 or 50% had no effect on pig performance (P > 0.10). In Exp. 3, phase I diets containing 0, 25, or 50% SDTA in place of SDPP (7% of the diet) were each assigned at random to eight pens each with four pigs for a 14-d period, after which all pigs were switched to a common phase II diet lacking both SDPP and SDTA for another 14 d. Average daily feed intake and ADG did not differ among all diets in phase I and II and overall (d 0 to 28). Pigs fed the diet containing 50% SDTA in phase I had lower (P < 0.05) G:F than those fed the SDPP diet. The results indicate that technical albumen can replace 25 to 50% of SDPP in early-weaned pig diets without compromising performance, and further suggest that heat-treated SDTA may affect intestinal microbial population in pigs.  相似文献   

5.
Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of a high-protein, whey protein product (WPP; 73% CP, 6.8% lysine, 12.8% fat, and 5% lactose) and spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) on growth performance of weanling pigs. In all experiments, pigs were fed experimental diets from d 0 to 14 after weaning in a pelleted form and then a common diet in meal form for the remainder of the experiment. Dietary treatments were established by substituting WPP or SDAP for dried skim milk (Exp. 1) or soybean meal (Exp. 2, 3, 4, and 5) in the control diet. In Exp. 1, we maintained a constant level of lactose in all diets by adjusting the amount of added crystalline lactose. The amount of lactose in diets used in Exp. 2 through 5 varied slightly by the addition of WPP. In Exp. 1 and 2, 180 weanling pigs (initially 5.8 kg and 19 +/- 1 d of age or 5.5 kg and 17 +/- 1 d of age, respectively) were used. Treatment diets contained SDAP (2.5 and 5%) or WPP (2.7 and 5.4% in Exp.1, and 2.5 or 5.0% in Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, from d 0 to 7 after weaning, ADG and ADFI increased with increasing SDAP (linear, P < .01). No other treatment effects were observed during the d 0 to 14 period. In Exp. 2, from d 0 to 14 after weaning, ADG and G:F increased (linear, P < .04) with increasing SDAP or WWP. In Exp. 3, 305 weanling pigs (initially 4.1 kg and 12 +/- 1 d of age) were used. The control diet contained 2.5% SDAP. The experimental diets were similar to the control diet but contained an additional 2.5 or 5.0% SDAP or 2.5 or 5.0% WPP. From d 0 to 14 after weaning, ADG, ADFI, and G:F increased (quadratic, P < .05) with increasing SDAP up to 5.0%. Increasing WPP increased ADG (quadratic, P < .07) and ADFI (linear, P < .09). In Exp. 4 and 5, 329 and 756 weanling pigs (initially 4.1 kg and 12 +/- 1 d of age and 5.2 kg and 18 +/- 1 d of age, respectively) were fed diets in which WPP was substituted for 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% (Exp. 4) or 0, 50, and 100% (Exp. 5) of the SDAP in the control diet. In Exp. 4 and 5, from d 0 to 14 after weaning, pigs fed a 1:1 blend of each protein source had better ADG (quadratic, P < .04) than those only fed SDAP. In conclusion, WPP can be used in combination with or as a total replacement for SDAP in diets for weanling pigs without reducing performance.  相似文献   

6.
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate pet food-grade poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a replacement protein source for fish meal (FM), blood meal (BM), and spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) in weanling pig diets. In the first study, 200 crossbred pigs (initial BW = 6.5 kg) were weaned (21 d) and randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments, which included a control and three test diets where PBM was substituted for FM, blood products, or both. Experimental diets were fed during Phase I (d 0 to 5 postweaning) and Phase II (d 5 to 19), and a common Phase III diet was fed from d 19 to 26. Overall (d 0 to 26), there was no difference in performance of pigs fed PBM in place of the other ingredients. However, during Phase I, BW (P < 0.05), ADG (P < 0.02), and intake (P < 0.001) in pigs fed diets containing SDPP were greater than those fed diets with PBM. In Exp. 2, the performance of pigs (n = 100, initial BW = 6.5 kg) fed diets containing 20% PBM (as-fed basis, replacing SDPP, BM, FM, and a portion of the soybean meal) in all phases of the nursery diet was compared with a group fed conventional diets without PBM. There were no differences in overall performance (d 0 to 26); however, ADG (P < 0.10) and feed intake were higher (P < 0.01) for pigs fed the conventional diet than for pigs fed the 20% PBM diet during Phase I (d 0 to 5). Experiment 3 was a slope-ratio assay to determine the ability of PBM to replace SDPP. A total of 320 pigs (initial BW = 7.32 kg) was weaned (21 d) and allotted to five treatment groups in three trials in a blocked design with product (SDPP or PBM) as the first factor, and lysine level (1.08, 1.28, 1.49%; as-fed basis) as the second factor. Growth rate increased with increasing lysine (P < 0.05), regardless of the source. These results indicate that PBM can be used in nursery diets in place of blood meal and fish meal without affecting performance. Furthermore, although feeding PBM in Phase I diets was not equivalent to SDPP during the first week, there was no overall difference in performance at the end of the nursery phase.  相似文献   

7.
The effect of inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) in diets for weanling piglets was studied. The objectives were to determine whether SDPP would have positive effects on post-weaning piglet performance and health under typical Northern European conditions. In experiment 1, 160 weanling piglets were assigned randomly to a control diet or a diet containing 3% SDPP, which was added at the expense of both fishmeal and dried skim milk. In experiment 2, 264 weanling piglets were assigned to a control diet containing whey protein, a diet without whey protein but with SDPP or a diet containing both whey protein and SDPP. In essence, SDPP was added to the test diets at the expense of either whey protein or fishmeal. Piglets were fed the diets for 3 weeks. In experiment 1, the piglets fed the SDPP diet had a 7% higher average daily gain (ADG) and a 4% lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05) during the first 3 weeks after weaning than did those fed the control diet. There were no differences in leucocyte counts or γ-globulin. In experiment 2 there were no significant differences in ADG and FCR among the dietary treatments. It is concluded that low amounts of SDPP in weanling diets can have positive effects on growth performance under Northern European conditions.  相似文献   

8.
We conducted two experiments to study the effects of pelleting and pellet conditioning temperature on weanling pig performance. In Exp. 1, 252 weanling pigs (PIC, L326 x C22) averaging 6.0 +/- 1.3 kg and 21 +/- 3 d of age were used to evaluate six corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 15% dried whey and formulated to contain 1.4% lysine. Treatments consisted of a control diet without spray-dried animal protein (SDAP) fed in meal form, a diet with 5% SDAP fed in meal form, and four diets with 5% SDAP that were conditioned at 60, 66, 71, or 77 degrees C for 10 s prior to pelleting. Pellets had a 3.97-mm diameter. The experimental diets were fed from d 0 to 14 after weaning, and all pigs were fed a common diet in meal form from d 14 to 28 after weaning. From d 0 to 7 after weaning, pigs fed diets containing SDAP had greater ADG, gain/feed (P < 0.001), and ADFI (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the control diet. No differences (P > 0.10) were observed between pigs fed the pelleted diets and those fed the SDAP diet in meal form. Conditioning temperature had no effect (P > 0.10) on weanling pig performance from d 0 to 14, and the diet fed from d 0 to 14 had no effect on overall performance (d 0 to 28). In Exp. 2, 252 weanling pigs (6.3 +/- 1.5 kg and 22 +/- 4 d of age) were used to evaluate diets with same composition as in Exp. 1, but treatments consisted of diets with or without SDAP conditioned at 60 degrees C before pelleting, and four diets containing 5% SDAP that were conditioned at 68, 77, 85, and 93 degrees C before pelleting. As in Exp. 1, conditioning lasted 10 s, pellets were 3.97 in mm diameter, and experimental diets were fed for the first 14 d of the 28-d experiment. From d 0 to 7, pigs fed the SDAP diet conditioned at 60 degrees C had greater ADFI (P < 0.05) and tended (P = 0.12) to have greater ADG than pigs fed the diet without SDAP and conditioned at 60 degrees C. From d 0 to 7, ADG (quadratic effect, P < 0.03) and ADFI (linear effect, P < 0.002) decreased as conditioning temperature increased, with the largest decrease observed above 77 degrees C. From d 0 to 14 and 0 to 28, ADG was not affected (P > 0.10) by pellet conditioning temperature or SDAP fed from d 0 to 14. The results of these studies suggest that conditioning diets containing 5% SDAP at temperatures above 77 degrees C decreases weanling pig growth performance.  相似文献   

9.
Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) and spray-dried bovine plasma (SDBP) and their various molecular weight fractions on performance of pigs weaned at approximately 14 or 21 d of age. In addition, the efficacy of various levels of the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-rich fraction of SDPP and SDBP were evaluated. Experiment 1 evaluated the dietary addition of SDPP and three of its fractions (IgG-rich, albumin-rich, and low molecular weight fractions). Pigs fed SDPP grew faster and consumed more feed than the controls during the first week (P < 0.05). The IgG-rich fraction resulted in improvements in ADG and ADFI that were similar to those of pigs fed SDPP. The albumin-rich fraction had no effect on growth rate, but the low molecular weight fraction decreased feed intake as well as growth rate. Experiments 2 and 3 evaluated SDPP and graded levels of its IgG-rich fraction in pigs weaned at 21 or 14 d, respectively. In Exp. 2, pigs fed SDPP grew faster and consumed more feed than the controls during the first week (P < 0.05). Pig performance was enhanced with the addition of the IgG-rich fraction that provided 80% of the amount of IgG in the SDPP diet. In Exp. 3, there was no response to SDPP during the first week, but a positive growth response to SDPP (P < 0.01) occurred by the end of wk 2 (0 to 14 d). Feeding the IgG-rich fraction increased growth rate compared with controls (P < 0.05). Over the entire experiment, the greatest ADG occurred with the IgG-rich fraction that provided 128% of the amount of IgG provided by SDPP (quadratic; P < 0.05). Two additional experiments assessed feeding SDBP and bovine IgG-rich fractions to early weaned pigs. In Exp. 4, SDPP was superior to SDBP in stimulating growth and feed intake, but this difference did not occur in Exp. 5. In both experiments, the IgG fraction of bovine plasma seemed to be as effective at improving growth as SDPP and more effective than SDBP. The results indicate that both porcine and bovine plasma are beneficial to young pig performance during the first week after weaning and that the IgG fraction of plasma is the component that is responsible for the enhancement in growth rate and feed intake.  相似文献   

10.
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate viral inactivation by the spray-drying process used in the production of spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP). In Exp. 1, bovine plasma was inoculated with pseudorabies virus (PRV) grown in PK 15 cells. Three 4-L batches were spray-dried in the same manner and conditions of industrial SDAP production but with laboratory spray-drying equipment. Presence of infectivity was determined before and after spray-drying by microtiter assay in PK 15 cell cultures. Before spray-drying, all three samples contained 10(5.3) tissue culture infectious dose50 (TCID50)/mL of PRV. After four consecutive passages, no viable virus was detected in samples of spray-dried bovine plasma. In Exp. 2, bovine plasma was inoculated with porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (PRRS) virus propagated previously in MARC cell culture to provide approximately 10(6.3) TCID50/mL. Three 4-L batches were spray-dried in the same manner as Exp. 1. Before spray-drying, samples contained TCID50 of 10(4.0), 10(3.5), and 10(3.5)/mL, respectively. After four consecutive passages in MARC cell cultures, no viable virus was detected in spray-dried bovine plasma. In Exp. 3, 36 weaned piglets (28 d of age) were fed a common diet for 14 d and were determined to be negative for PRV, PRRS, and porcine parvovirus titer. Afterwards, pigs were allotted to six pens with six pigs per pen and fed diets containing either 0 or 8% SDAP (as-fed basis) for 63 d. The SDAP used in the feed contained antibody (titer 1:400) against porcine parvovirus. Blood samples were collected from pigs on d 0 and 63 to determine whether feeding SDAP caused seroconversion and development of antibodies against parvovirus, PRRS, or PRV. Inclusion of SDAP in the diet improved growth of pigs without seroconversion. Spray-drying conditions used in this study were effective in eliminating viable pseudorabies and PRRS viruses from bovine plasma. In this study, feeding SDAP that contained functional antibodies did not promote seroconversion in na?ve animals.  相似文献   

11.
In order to establish the mechanism of spray dried plasma powder (SDPP) in improving pig health and performance, a diet containing either 8% SDPP, spray dried immune plasma powder (SDIPP), or control protein (soybean and whey) ration was fed to piglets in an experimental model of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 (ETEC) post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD). SDIPP was obtained from pigs immunized with a vaccine containing ETEC fimbrial subunit F4 and heat-labile toxin (LT), and SDPP from non-immunized controls. Average daily growth (ADG) was determined, and daily samples of rectal faeces were assessed for diarrhoea (as percentage of dry matter), and ETEC excretion (in CFU/g). SDPP and SDIPP significantly (p<0.05) reduced diarrhoea, and SDIPP significantly reduced ETEC excretion. ADG was not significantly (p>0.05) affected. After the experiment, 30% of piglets tested F4 receptor positive (F4R+). A significant correlation between F4R status and morbidity was found. In F4R+ animals, SDIPP significantly improved diarrhoea and ADG, and decreased ETEC excretion, and SDPP significantly improved diarrhoea and ADG. Surprisingly, SDPP reduced diarrhoea in F4R+ animals without significant reduction of ETEC excretion, which is most likely related to the presence of anti-LT antibodies in SDPP. The results show that oral protection against ETEC by SDPP is attributable to spontaneous antibodies, in this case anti-LT antibodies. Furthermore, the results indicate that the combination of anti-LT and anti-F4 antibodies as in SDIPP is most effective in ETEC prevention. Finally, the F4R distribution in the herd should be taken into account to correctly assess efficacy.  相似文献   

12.
We investigated whether spray-dried plasma (SDP) improved growth and health of piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC). Forty-eight pigs weaned at 21 d (BW = 4.88 +/- 0.43 kg) received one of four diets containing 6% SDP or fish proteins (as-fed basis) either nonmedicated (SDP-NM and FP-NM diets) or medicated with 0 or 250 mg/kg of colistine + 500 mg/kg of amoxycycline (SDP-M and FP-M diets), for 15 d. On d 4, pigs were orally challenged with ETEC. On d 15, eight pigs per dietary group were killed, blood and saliva were collected for analysis of K88 fimbriae-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)-A, and jejunum was removed for villi preparation, histological analysis, and cytokine expression. The presence or absence of K88 receptors (K88+ and K88- pigs respectively) was determined by villous adhesion assay. Effects of protein source on ADG (P = 0.04) and ADFI (P < 0.01), as well of medication on ADFI (P < 0.02), of all pigs were observed. In sacrified pigs, there was an effect of protein source on ADG (P = 0.03) and ADFI (P < 0.001), as well an interaction between medication and presence of K88 receptor (P = 0.02) for feed:gain ratio. Plasma K88 specific IgA were low in all K88 pigs and higher in K88+ pigs fed FP-NM compared with all the other groups (P < 0.05), except SDP-M. An interaction was found among protein source, medication, and presence of K88 receptors (P = 0.04). Saliva IgA concentrations were high in all pigs fed FP-NM and low in all other pigs. Jejunum of pigs fed FP-NM showed some ulcerations, edema, and mild inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI). In pigs fed FP-M, edema was reduced. Conversely, only a mild ICI was observed in pigs fed SDP-NM and SDP-M. Crypt depth was increased in K88+ pigs fed SDP-NM and an interaction between protein source and presence of K88 receptors was observed (P < 0.05). Expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin (IL)-8 were lower in pigs fed SDP-NM and SDP-M than in those fed FP-NM and FP-M, either K88- or K88+ (P < 0.01). In pigs fed FP diets, expression of IL-8 tended to increase (P = 0.08) in K88+ compared with K88- subjects. Expression of interferon-gamma increased in K88 and K88+ pigs fed FP-M as compared with other pigs (P < 0.01). These results indicate that feeding with SDP improved growth performance and protected against E. coli-induced inflammatory status, and suggest that use of SDP-NM can be considered a valid antibiotic alternative.  相似文献   

13.
Five experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different wheat gluten (WG) sources (Source 1 = enzymatically hydrolyzed, Source 2 = nonmodified ring-dried, Source 3 = spray-dried, and Source 4 = flash-dried) on growth performance of nursery pigs compared with soybean meal (SBM), spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP), or other specialty protein sources. In Exp. 1, pigs (n = 220, initially 6.1 +/- 2.5 kg) were fed a control diet containing (as-fed basis) 6% SDAP or WG Source 1 or 2. The WG and l-lysine*HCl replaced 50 or 100% of the SDAP. From d 0 to 21, increasing WG (either source) decreased ADG and ADFI (linear, P < 0.01), but improved (linear, P < 0.02) G:F. In Exp. 2, pigs (n = 252, initially 6.2 +/- 3.0 kg) were fed a negative control diet containing no SDAP or WG, diets containing (as-fed basis) 9% WG Source 1 or 5% SDAP, or combinations of WG and SDAP where WG and l-lysine*HCl replaced 25, 50, or 75% of SDAP. From d 0 to 14, pigs fed increasing WG had decreased ADG (linear, P < 0.05). In Exp. 3, pigs (n = 240, initially 7.0 +/- 2.5 kg) were fed a negative control diet, a diet containing (as-fed basis) either 3, 6, 9, or 12% WG Source 3, or a positive control diet containing 5% SDAP. The diets containing 9% WG and 5% SDAP had the same amount of SBM. From d 0 to 7, pigs fed 5% SDAP had greater (P < 0.04) ADG than pigs fed the diet containing 9% WG. From d 0 to 14, increasing WG had no effect on ADG, ADFI, or G:F. In Exp. 4, pigs (n = 200, initially 6.0 +/- 2.4 kg) were fed a negative control diet, the control diet with (as-fed basis) 4.5 or 9.0% WG Source 1, or the control diet with 2.5 or 5.0% SDAP. Diets containing WG and SDAP had similar SBM levels. From d 0 to 7 and 0 to 14, increasing SDAP tended to improve (linear, P < 0.06) ADG, but increasing WG had no effect. In Exp. 5, 170 barrows and gilts (initially 7.5 +/- 2.8 kg) were used to determine the effects of WG Source 1 and 4 compared with select Menhaden fish meal or spray-dried blood cells and a negative control diet (SBM) on the growth performance of nursery pigs from d 5 to 26 postweaning (d 0 to 21 of experiment). No differences were found in ADG or G:F, but pigs fed the diet containing (as-fed basis) 2.5% spray-dried blood cells had greater ADFI than pigs fed the negative control from d 0 to 21. Wheat gluten source had no effect on ADG, ADFI, or G:F. The results of these studies suggest that increasing WG in diets fed immediately after weaning did not improve growth performance relative to SBM or SDAP.  相似文献   

14.
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of an enzymatically digested animal protein (EDAP) as a source of protein for weanling pigs. In each experiment, treatments were replicated with four (Experiments 1 and 2) or seven (Experiment 3) pens of three to five pigs each. Each experiment lasted 3 to 4 wk for the combined Phase I (1.5% Lys in Experiments 1 and 2, 1.6% Lys in Experiment 3) and Phase II (1.3% Lys) periods. In Experiments 1 (6.7 kg; 23 d of age) and 2 (6.1 kg; 22 d of age), pigs were fed one of the following Phase I diets: 1) basal (B) diet containing corn, soybean meal (SBM), whey, fish meal, and blood cells (AP-301 G; American Protein Corporation, Ames, IA); 2) B + 4% spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP); or 3) B + 2% SDAP + 2% EDAP (SDAP + EDAP). In Phase II, the dietary groups from Phase I were divided into two subsequent groups. One group received a diet containing corn, SBM, whey, fish meal, and 2% blood cells, and the second group received the same diet with 2% EDAP, resulting in six treatments for Phase II and overall periods. In Experiment 1, ADG and ADFI were increased (P<0.10) during Phase I for pigs fed SDAP + EDAP, and ADFI was increased (P<0.10) in pigs fed SDAP. In Phase II, the EDAP addition did not affect (P>0.10) ADG, ADFI, or the ratio of gain to feed. Also, Phase I diets did not affect (P>0.10) growth performance during Phase II. Overall, ADG (P<0.10) and ADFI (P<0.04) were increased (P<0.10) in pigs fed SDAP + EDAP during Phase I. In Experiment 2, ADG and the ratio of gain to feed were increased (P<0.10) in pigs fed SDAP + EDAP during Phase I. During Phase II, ADFI was increased in pigs fed SDAP + EDAP or B + SDAP (P<0.01) relative to those fed B only (P<0.003) in Phase I. Also in Phase II, the ratio of gain to feed was increased in pigs fed SDAP + EDAP (P<0.03) relative to those fed B + SDAP. Overall, ADG and the ratio of gain to feed were not affected (P>0.10) by diet, but ADFI was increased (P<0.03) in pigs fed SDAP + EDAP relative to those fed B. In Experiment 3, all pigs (5.7 kg; 17 d of age) were fed a common Phase I diet containing SDAP + EDAP. In Phase II, ADG, ADFI, and the ratio of gain to feed were not affected (P>0.10) by the addition of 2% EDAP or 2% blood cells. In summary, pigs fed SDAP + EDAP perform equally well compared with those fed B + SDAP.  相似文献   

15.
We evaluated spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) as an alternative to antimicrobial medication with colistin sulfate in weanling pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K99. Forty-eight piglets weaned at 24 d of age were distributed into 12 pens, and each pen was assigned to one of four dietary treatments. All the piglets were given an oral dose of 5 x 10(7) cfu of E. coli K99 at weaning. The dietary treatments followed a factorial arrangement with two levels of SDAP (0 and 7%) and two levels of colistin (0 and 300 mg/kg of diet). The ADG and ADFI were measured on d 7 and 14 of trial. Three piglets from each treatment were killed on d 7 and 14 to remove the small intestine, and to obtain ileal and cecal digestive contents. The inclusion of SDAP improved ADG by 68 g (P < 0.05) and ADFI by 41 g (P < 0.10) in wk 1 of trial. During wk 2, SDAP improved ADG by 41 g (P < 0.10) and gain:feed ratio (G:F) by 25% (P < 0.01). On the other hand, whereas colistin had no effect on performance in wk 1, it improved ADG by 102 g (P < 0.01), ADFI by 62 g (P < 0.01), and G:F by 26% (P < 0.01) in wk 2. Over the 14 d of the trial, ADG was improved by 54 (P < 0.05) and 75 g (P < 0.05), and G:F was improved by 35 (P < 0.05) and 32% (P < 0.05) due to SDAP and colistin, respectively. There was interaction between colistin and SDAP for ADFI in wk 2 and between d 0 to 14 (P < 0.05), which indicates that their effects were not additive. The use of colistin was advantageous in the maintenance of the integrity of the intestinal mucosa of the pigs, as suggested by a small intestine that was 93 g heavier (P < 0.10) and with the tallest villi 106 microm longer (P < 0.10) than in pigs without colistin. The inclusion of SDAP in the diet favored the growth of lactobacilli in the ileum (P < 0.10) and the cecum (P < 0.05), whereas colistin reduced the number of enterococci in the cecum (P < 0.05) and of Escherichia coli both in the ileum and the cecum (P < 0.001). These results suggest that SDAP may be an alternative to medicated feed with antibiotics since it provided a level of protection against an experimental challenge with E. coli K99 similar to that obtained with colistin, an antibiotic of proven efficacy. The current situation in which the use of antimicrobials in animal feeding is being questioned should encourage further investigation into the use of SDAP as a means of preventing disease in pigs at weaning.  相似文献   

16.
Twenty four, 21-d-old female pigs were fed diets containing either skim milk powder (CON+), spray-dried bovine colostrum (7.5%, BC+) or spray-dried bovine plasma (7.5%, BP+) and were dosed orally with 1 × 109 CFU of E. coli O149:K88. Another group of 8 unchallenged pigs was fed the skim milk powder diet (CON−). On d 19 of the experiment all piglets were euthanased. Adverse effects of the E. coli challenge were observed variously throughout the small intestine in pigs consuming either the BC+ or BP+ diets. In this experiment, similar responses to the E. coli challenge were observed in both plasma and colostrum fed pigs, which suggests that spray-dried bovine colostrum may be a potential alternative to spray-dried bovine plasma.  相似文献   

17.
Two experiments, each consisting of 2 trials, were conducted to determine the effect of salmon protein hydrolysate (SPH) and spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) fed during the first week postweaning and their subsequent effect on the growth performance of weanling pigs. Pigs were fed in a 3-phase feeding program with durations of 7 d for phase 1 in both Exp. 1 and 2; 14 or 15 d for phase 2 in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively; and 7 or 8 d for phase 3 in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Dietary treatments were fed only during phase 1, whereas the same diet was fed to all pigs in phases 2 and 3. Pigs were blocked by initial BW and sex, and littermates were balanced across treatments. Data from the 2 trials within each experiment were combined and analyzed together; no treatment × trial interactions (P > 0.10) were observed. In Exp. 1, a total of 324 weanling pigs (10 replications of 5 or 6 pigs per pen) with an average initial BW of 6.4 ± 1.3 kg were assigned to 1) a control diet with no SPH or SDPP, 2) 1.5% SPH, 3) 3.0% SPH, 4) 1.5% SDPP, 5) 3.0% SDPP, or 6) 1.5% SPH + 1.5% SDPP. Experiment 2 was similar to Exp. 1, but red blood cells were removed from all diets to reduce diet complexity. In Exp. 2, weanling pigs (n = 320, 14 replications of 5 or 6 pigs per pen) with an average initial BW of 5.4 ± 1.2 kg were assigned to 1) a control diet with no SPH or SDPP, 2) 1.5% SPH, 3) 1.5% SDPP, or 4) 1.5% SPH + 1.5% SDPP. Three batches of SPH were used, and each batch was analyzed for AA composition. In Exp. 1, the inclusion of SDPP or SPH during phase 1 did not affect (P > 0.10) ADG, ADFI, or G:F compared with those of pigs fed the control diet. No carryover effects on growth performance were observed in any of the subsequent phases. Overall, G:F was greater (P = 0.08) in pigs fed the 1.5% diets compared with those fed the 3.0% diets. In Exp. 2, no differences (P > 0.10) were observed in ADG, ADFI, or G:F among pigs fed the SPH or SDPP diets compared with those of pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed the combined diet had greater (P < 0.10) overall ADFI compared with that of pigs fed the control diet, but ADFI was similar to that of pigs fed the SPH and SDPP diets. These results indicate that inclusion of up to 3% SDPP or SPH in diets fed during the first week postweaning did not affect the growth performance of weanling pigs, and no subsequent carryover effects were observed. Salmon protein hydrolysate did not affect the growth performance of weanling pigs and may be considered an alternative protein source in diets for weanling pigs.  相似文献   

18.
酵母抽提物替代血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
试验旨在研究酵母抽提物部分或全部替代血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验共选160头体重([6.20±0.10)kg]和日龄([26±2)d]相近的PIC断奶仔猪,分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。对照组(处理1)饲喂基础日粮,处理2饲喂含4%血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)日粮,处理3饲喂含2%SDPP+2%酵母抽提物的日粮,处理4饲喂含4%酵母抽提物日粮。试验期为28 d,所有仔猪自由采食和饮水。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲喂含4%酵母抽提物日粮能促进仔猪生长,试验全期仔猪日增重提高15%(P<0.05),饲料增重比降低7%(P<0.05);与含4%或2%SDPP日粮组相比,饲喂含4%酵母抽提物日粮并没有显著影响仔猪平均日采食量和日增重,但饲料增重比在试验前3周和试验全期均得到显著改善(降低7%～10%,P<0.05)。因此,酵母抽提物能促进断奶仔猪生长,部分或全部替代SDPP不影响仔猪增重,且能改善饲料转化率。  相似文献   

19.
本文旨在研究植物蛋白小肽对哺乳仔猪血液生化指标和肠道微生物区系的影响。试验选用(7±2)日龄的PIC五元杂交系哺乳仔猪400头,随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4个组,每组10个重复,每个重复10头猪。各组日粮为在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮的基础上分别添加2%鱼粉、2%血浆蛋白粉、2%植物蛋白小肽和4%植物蛋白小肽。试验自7日龄补饲开始至21日龄断奶结束。试验结束时,每组选取体格中等的3头仔猪,进行前腔静脉采血和屠宰试验。研究结果表明:(1)日粮中添加4%的植物蛋白小肽可以显著提高哺乳仔猪血糖浓度、血清总蛋白浓度(P<0.05),降低血清尿素氮的含量(P<0.05);(2)日粮中添加4%的植物蛋白小肽或2%的血浆蛋白粉可以显著提高血清中IgG的水平;(3)哺乳仔猪日粮中添加4%的植物蛋白小肽可以显著降低大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量,同时显著提高盲肠中乳酸杆菌的数量(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

20.
Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of adding a beta-mannanase preparation (Hemicell, ChemGen, Gaithersburg, MD) to corn-soybean meal-based diets on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weanling and growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 156 weanling pigs (20 d, 6.27 kg BW) were allotted to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of diet complexity (complex vs simple) and addition of 3-mannanase preparation (0 vs 0.05%). Pigs were fed in three dietary phases (Phase 1, d 0 to 14; Phase 2, d 14 to 28; and Phase 3, d 28 to 42). Pigs fed complex diets gained faster and were more efficient (P < 0.05) during Phase 1 compared with pigs fed simple diets. Overall, gain:feed ratio (G:F) tended to be improved (P < 0.10) for pigs fed complex diets and it was improved (P < 0.01) for those fed diets with beta-mannanase. In Exp. 2, 117 pigs (44 d, 13.62 kg BW) were allotted randomly to three dietary treatments. Dietary treatments were 1) a corn-soybean meal-based control, 2) the control diet with soybean oil added to increase metabolizable energy (ME) by 100 kcal/kg, and 3) the control diet with 0.05% beta-mannanase preparation. Beta-mannanase or soybean oil improved (P < 0.05) G:F compared with pigs fed the control diet. In Exp. 3, 60 pigs (22.5 kg BW) were allotted randomly to the three dietary treatments used in Exp. 2. Dietary treatments were fed in three phases (23 to 53 kg, 53 to 82 kg, and 82 to 109 kg with 0.95, 0.80, and 0.65% lysine, respectively). Overall, the addition of soybean oil tended to improve G:F (P < 0.10) compared with that of pigs fed the control diet, and G:F was similar (P > 0.54) for pigs fed diets with soybean oil or beta-mannanase. Also, addition of beta-mannanase increased ADG (P < 0.05) compared with that of pigs fed the control or soybean oil diets. There were no differences (P > or = 0.10) in longissimus muscle area or backfat; however, on a fat-free basis, pigs fed the diet with beta-mannanase had greater (P < 0.05) lean gain than pigs fed the control or soybean oil diets. In Exp. 4, 12 barrows (93 kg BW) were allotted randomly to one of the three dietary treatments used in Exp. 3. Addition of 3-mannanase had no effect (P > 0.10) on energy, nitrogen, phosphorus, or dry matter digestibility. These results suggest that beta-mannanase may improve growth performance in weanling and growing-finishing pigs but has minimal effects on nutrient digestibility.  相似文献   

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