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1.
The efficacy of two systemically administered drugs for the treatment of equine joint injuries was assessed in a randomized blinded trial using the chemically induced equine carpitis model previously used to determine the dose and efficacy of both products. After a 10-day acclimation period, carpitis was induced by intracarpal injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) in twenty mature horses free of clinical and radiographic evidence of synovitis or DJD. Five days after model induction, the horses were stratified based on lameness evaluation and randomly assigned to 2 groups of 10 horses each.Parameters evaluated included lameness score, maximum range of carpal flexion, carpal circumference, stride length, and synovial fluid protein. These parameters were measured prior to model induction, 5 days after model induction (immediately prior to initial treatment) and once weekly for 6 weeks. Radiographs of the carpus were taken prior to model induction and 6 weeks. after treatment began. Treatment began 5 days after model induction. One group of 10 horses received 40 mg sodium hyaluronate by intravenous injection weekly for 3 weeks and the other group of 10 horses received intramuscular injections of 500 mg PSGAG every 4 days for 7 treatments.Both treatment groups showed significant improvement from pretreatment baseline values (based upon percent recovery to normal pre-model induction values) for lameness score, stride length and maximum carpal flexion (p<0.05) at each post treatment evaluation. The PSGAG treated group had significant improvement in synovial fluid protein at post treatment weeks 2 and 3. The improvement (percent recovery) in the PSGAG treated group was significantly (p<0.05) better than that of the intravenous sodium hyaluronate treated group for stride and flexion at post treatment weeks 1 through 6, for lameness score at post treatment weeks 1 through 3 and for carpal circumference at post treatment week 4.Both intravenous sodium hyaluronate and intramuscular PSGAG induced significant improvement in clinical lameness parameters; intramuscular PSGAG yielded consistently better results in this experimental model.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy and safety of paste formulations of firocoxib and phenylbutazone in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS: 253 client-owned horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. PROCEDURES: Horses were treated with firocoxib (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) or phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg [2 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) for 14 days. Physical examinations and lameness evaluations were performed prior to treatment and after 7 and 14 days. Clinical improvement was defined as a reduction of at least 1 lameness grade or a combined reduction of at least 3 points in scores for pain during manipulation or palpation, joint swelling, joint circumference, and range of motion. RESULTS: Proportion of horses clinically improved on day 14 for the firocoxib group (104/123 [84.6%]) was not significantly different from the proportion for the phenylbutazone group (103/119 [86.6%]). Proportion of horses that were improved on day 14 was significantly greater for horses treated with firocoxib than for horses treated with phenylbutazone with regard to score for pain on manipulation or palpation (P = 0.028), joint circumference score (P = 0.026), and range of motion score (P = 0.012), but not for overall lameness score or joint swelling score. No direct treatment-related adverse effects were detected during the study. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that overall clinical efficacy of a paste formulation of firocoxib in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis was comparable to efficacy of a paste formulation of phenylbutazone.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: To compare analgesic effects of phenylbutazone administered at a dosage of 4.4 mg/kg/d (2 mg/lb/d) or 8.8 mg/kg/d (4 mg/lb/d) in horses with chronic lameness. DESIGN: Controlled crossover study. Animals-9 horses with chronic forelimb lameness. PROCEDURE: Horses were treated i.v. with phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg/d or 8.8 mg/kg/d) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution once daily for 4 days. All horses received all 3 treatments with a minimum of 14 days between treatments. Mean peak vertical force (mPVF) was measured and clinical lameness scores were assigned before initiation of each treatment and 6, 12, and 24 hours after the final dose for each treatment. RESULTS: Compared with values obtained after administration of saline solution, mPVF was significantly increased at all posttreatment evaluation times when phenylbutazone was administered. Clinical lameness scores were significantly decreased 6 and 12 hours after administration of the final dose when phenylbutazone was administered at the low or high dosage but were significantly decreased 24 hours after treatment only when phenylbutazone was administered at the high dosage. No significant differences in mPVF and clinical lameness scores were found at any time when phenylbutazone was administered at the low versus high dosage. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that the high dosage of phenylbutazone was not associated with greater analgesic effects, in terms of mPVF or lameness score, than was the low dosage. Considering that toxicity of phenylbutazone is related to dosage, the higher dosage may not be beneficial in chronically lame horses.  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of meloxicam on severity of lameness and other clinical signs in dogs with osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial. ANIMALS: 217 client-owned dogs with clinical and radiographic signs of OA. PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly assigned to be treated with meloxicam (n = 105; 0.2 mg/kg [0.09 mg/lb], SC, once on day 1, then 0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h, for 13 days) or a placebo (n = 112). A general clinical score was assigned by investigators on days 1 (ie, prior to initiation of treatment), 8, and 15 on the basis of severity of lameness, extent of weight bearing, and severity of signs during palpation of the affected joint. Owners and investigators provided overall evaluations on days 8 and 15. RESULTS: Dogs treated with meloxicam had significantly greater improvements in general clinical scores, compared with baseline scores, on days 8 and 15 than did dogs treated with placebo. On days 8 and 15, percentages of dogs treated with meloxicam in which owners and investigators considered treatment to be successful were significantly higher than percentages of control dogs in which treatment was considered to be successful. No abnormalities in hematologic and serum biochemical test results were detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that compared with administration of a placebo, administration of meloxicam for 14 days significantly improved the clinical condition of dogs with OA without causing adverse effects.  相似文献   

5.
Thirty healthy lameness-free horses were subjected to the Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) (Sigma, St Louis, Mo) carpitis model, which was allowed to develop for 5 days. The horses were then stratified by model-induced deficit in lameness score, carpal flexion, stride length, and carpal circumference, and they were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 10 horses. The horses were treated with one of 3 treatments beginning on day 5: Group A (positive control) received PSGAG (Adequan, Luitpold Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Shirley, NY); Group B received a compounded solution of acetyl-d-glucosamine (Red Cross Drug, Blanchard, Okla); and Group C received a solution of chondroitin monosulfate (Chondroprotec, Neogen Corp, Lexington, Ky). All horses received the treatments by intramuscular injection every 4 days for 4 weeks and all doses were 500 mg/5 mL. On days 12, 19, 26, and 33, the primary outcome measures were taken for lameness score, carpal flexion, stride length, and carpal circumference. The study was blinded because the clinician evaluating the outcome measures was unaware of the treatment group assignments. The group means for percent recovery of model-induced deficits in these parameters was subjected to statistical analysis.PSGAG was significantly (P < .05) more effective in the recovery of model-induced deficits in all parameters than were chondroitin and glucosamine injectable solutions, and there was no significant difference between the 2 test drugs. In this test system, these 2 compounds, often sold as “generic” versions of PSGAG, were significantly less effective than PSGAG.  相似文献   

6.
The purpose of the present study was to establish in the horse the relationship between plasma concentration profiles of phenylbutazone (PBZ) and flunixin meglumine (FM) and their pharmacological effects in order to build a predictive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model. In five horses, an experimental arthritis was induced by injecting Freund's adjuvant into a carpal joint. PBZ (4 mg/kg) and FM (1 mg/kg) were injected by the intravenous route as a single intravenous dose in two different trials. Five pharmacodynamic end-points were regularly measured after test article injection using standardized procedures: local skin temperature, stride length, the rest angle flexion and the maximal carpal flexion of the injured leg and circumference of the inflamed joint. Plasma drug concentrations and pharmacodynamic data were analysed according to an integrated PK/PD model: for the stride length, the PBZ ECSOr i.e. the plasma concentration for which half the maximum effect could be obtained, was 3.6 ± 2.2 yglml and the maximum potential effect was 10.7 ± 9.4% above the control value. For FM, the corresponding values were 0.93 ± 0.35 μg/ml and 16.3 ± 4.6%. ECSO values for rest angle flexion and local skin temperature were similar to that obtained for stride length. Maximal carpal flexion was an unreliable end-point, and circumference of the joint did not display significant response to the drugs. Using these experimental parameters, a dose-effect relationship was simulated for both drugs: it was shown for PBZ that the model predicts an absence of effect for a 1 mg/kg dose and a maximum effect at about 2 mg/kg: at higher PBZ doses, the maximum effect was not modified, but its duration was increased from 8 h with a 2 mg/kg dose to about 24 h with an 8 mg/kg dose. For FM the model predicts that a dose of 0.5 mg/kg will be without significant effect, whereas a 1 mg/kg dose allows a nearly maximal effect with a return to the control value after a delay of 16 h. A 2 mg/kg dose allows the effect to be maintained for 24 h. It is concluded that PK/PD is a tool of potential value for the preclinical screening of a dosage regimen.  相似文献   

7.
A randomised double-blind clinical trial of 28 horses was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of isoxsuprine hydrochloride at four different doses:- 0.0 mg/kg bodyweight (bwt) (placebo), 0.6 mg/kg bwt, 1.2 mg/kg bwt and 1.8 mg/kg bwt for treatment of navicular disease. The results showed that horses treated with isoxsuprine hydrochloride (N = 22) responded significantly with respect to clinical assessment score (P less than 0.01) when compared with the control group (N = 6). Furthermore, there were no dose-related differences in the responses of the horses treated with increasing levels of isoxsuprine. No correlation was found between radiological evidence of the extent of navicular disease and severity of lameness or response to treatment.  相似文献   

8.
Reasons for performing study: Lameness is a highly prevalent condition in horses and the principal cause of removal from athletic activity. In clinical studies to evaluate nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapies, force plates are commonly used to assess improvement of lameness objectively. Hypothesis: To use a force plate to determine the optimal dose of a new COX‐2 inhibitor (firocoxib) that will reduce lameness, when administered orally to horses once daily. Methods: Sixty‐four horses that exhibited chronic lameness presumed due to osteoarthritis, including navicular disease, in at least one of the frontlimbs and at a stable level of severity, were included. Horses were treated per os s.i.d. for 7 days as follows: vehicle control, firocoxib at 0.05, 0.1 or 0.25 mg/kg bwt. Force plate analysis of each horse was done for the selected (most) lame frontlimb at trot. Once between Days ?19 and ?4 (initial examination), and again on Day ?2 or ?1 (baseline), pretreatment force plate assessments were performed, and thereafter horses were assessed on Days 0, 2 and 6, approximately 10 h post treatment each time. Peak vertical force (PVF) and lameness grades at initial examination and at baseline, and their change from baseline in the 4 different treatment groups were analysed statistically at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: The PVF results were found to be superior to vehicle control already at Day 0 for 0.25 mg/kg bwt and at Days 2 and 6 for 0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg bwt (P<0.05). Mean clinical lameness for both concentrations decreased >1 grade at Day 6. Conclusions and clinical relevance: With the dosage of 0.25 mg/kg bwt lameness did not improve more than with 0.1 mg/kg bwt. Thus, 0.1 mg/kg bwt s.i.d. was considered to be the effective dose at reducing chronic lameness in horses presumed due to osteoarthritis, including navicular disease.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the disposition of a bolus of meloxicam (administered IV) in horses and donkeys (Equus asinus) and compare the relative pharmacokinetic variables between the species. ANIMALS: 5 clinically normal horses and 5 clinically normal donkeys. PROCEDURES: Blood samples were collected before and after IV administration of a bolus of meloxicam (0.6 mg/kg). Serum meloxicam concentrations were determined in triplicate via high-performance liquid chromatography. The serum concentration-time curve for each horse and donkey was analyzed separately to estimate standard noncompartmental pharmacokinetic variables. RESULTS: In horses and donkeys, mean +/- SD area under the curve was 18.8 +/- 7.31 microg/mL/h and 4.6 +/- 2.55 microg/mL/h, respectively; mean residence time (MRT) was 9.6 +/- 9.24 hours and 0.6 +/- 0.36 hours, respectively. Total body clearance (CL(T)) was 34.7 +/- 9.21 mL/kg/h in horses and 187.9 +/- 147.26 mL/kg/h in donkeys. Volume of distribution at steady state (VD(SS)) was 270 +/- 160.5 mL/kg in horses and 93.2 +/- 33.74 mL/kg in donkeys. All values, except VD(SS), were significantly different between donkeys and horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The small VD(SS) of meloxicam in horses and donkeys (attributed to high protein binding) was similar to values determined for other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Compared with other species, horses had a much shorter MRT and greater CL(T) for meloxicam, indicating a rapid elimination of the drug from plasma; the even shorter MRT and greater CL(T) of meloxicam in donkeys, compared with horses, may make the use of the drug in this species impractical.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To use force plate analysis to evaluate the analgesic efficacies of flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone administered i.v. at typical clinical doses in horses with navicular syndrome. ANIMALS: 12 horses with navicular syndrome that were otherwise clinically normal. PROCEDURE: Horses received flunixin (1.1 mg/kg), phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg), or physiologic saline (0.9% NaCI; 1 mL/45 kg) solution administered IV once daily for 4 days with a 14-day washout period between treatments (3 treatments/horse). Before beginning treatment (baseline) and 6, 12, 24, and 30 hours after the fourth dose of each treatment, horses were evaluated by use of the American Association of Equine Practitioners lameness scoring system (half scores permitted) and peak vertical force of the forelimbs was measured via a force plate. RESULTS: At 6, 12, and 24 hours after the fourth treatment, subjective lameness evaluations and force plate data indicated significant improvement in lameness from baseline values in horses treated with flunixin or phenylbutazone, compared with control horses; at those time points, the assessed variables in flunixin- or phenylbutazone-treated horses were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In horses with navicular syndrome treated once daily for 4 days, typical clinical doses of flunixin and phenylbutazone resulted in similar significant improvement in lameness at 6, 12, and 24 hours after the final dose, compared with findings in horses treated with saline solution. The effect of flunixin or phenylbutazone was maintained for at least 24 hours. Flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone appear to have similar analgesic effects in horses with navicular syndrome.  相似文献   

11.
The objective was to generate evidence for clinical efficacy and acceptability of a second generation coxib, firocoxib, administered orally for 14 days to lame horses under field conditions compared with a classic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, vedaprofen, in a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded, multicenter field trial. Ninety-six client-owned horses with American Association of Equine Practitioners score of at least grade 3 lameness or grade 2 lameness plus at least a score of 2 for either pain on palpation, range of motion, or joint swelling were analyzed. Horses were administered 0.1 mg/kg firocoxib orally at 24 hour intervals (n = 48) or 1.0 mg/kg vedaprofen paste at 12 hour intervals for 14 days (single loading dose of 2.0 mg/kg vedaprofen) (n = 48). Physical examinations and lameness evaluations were conducted on Day 1 (V1, before treatment) and on Days 7 (V2) and 14 (V3). Blood chemistry and hematology profiles were also evaluated. With regard to the primary variable, clinical improvement, 83% of the firocoxib-treated horses improved at V3 compared with 65% of vedaprofen-treated horses improved meeting the criteria defined to demonstrate noninferiority of firocoxib to vedaprofen. Health and behavioral abnormalities for side effect detection occurred at the rate of 2% (1 horse) and 8% (4 horses) for firocoxib- and vedaprofen-treated horses, respectively. Changes in hematology and blood chemistry values from V1 to V3 were not significantly different between treatment groups. Firocoxib, formulated as an oral paste was highly effective, well tolerated, and acceptable for the control of pain and inflammation associated with lameness in horses under field conditions.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVE: To determine pharmacokinetic parameters for meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in horses. ANIMALS: 8 healthy horses. PROCEDURE: In the first phase of the study, horses were administered meloxicam once in accordance with a 2 x 2 crossover design (IV or PO drug administration; horses fed or not fed). The second phase used a multiple-dose regimen (daily oral administration of meloxicam for 14 days), with meloxicam administered at the recommended dosage (0.6 mg/kg). Plasma and urine concentrations of meloxicam were measured by use of validated methods with a limit of quantification of 10 ng/mL for plasma and 20 ng/mL for urine. RESULTS: Plasma clearance was low (mean +/- SD; 34 +/- 0.5 mL/kg/h), steady-state volume of distribution was limited (0.12 +/- 0.018 L/kg), and terminal half-life was 8.54 +/- 3.02 hours. After oral administration, bioavailability was nearly total regardless of feeding status (98 +/- 12% in fed horses and 85 +/- 19% in nonfed horses). During once-daily administration for 14 days, we did not detect drug accumulation in the plasma. Meloxicam was eliminated via the urine with a urine-to-plasma concentration that ranged from 13 to 18. Concentrations were detected for a relatively short period (3 days) after administration of the final daily dose. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of this study support once-daily administration of meloxicam regardless of the feeding status of a horse and suggest a period of at least 3 days before urine concentrations of meloxicam reach concentrations that could be used in drug control programs.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a unique dihydropyridine (BAYTG 1000) would be beneficial in preventing laminitis in horses. ANIMALS: 16 clinically normal adult horses. PROCEDURE: 8 pairs of horses were used in a controlled double-blind study, using sex- and age-matched horses randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. Horses were subjected to carbohydrate overload to induce laminitis. Treated horses were administered BAY TG 1000 (30 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) for 3 days. Hoof wall surface temperature (HWST) and lameness were recorded at 4-hour intervals. The HWST was adjusted on the basis of time of onset of lameness and evaluated, using a repeated-measures ANOVA. Lameness 8 hours after onset and clinical status 72 hours after onset of lameness were evaluated, using Mann-Whitney procedures. RESULTS: Analysis revealed that BAYTG 1000 did not decrease the incidence of lameness but significantly ameliorated prodromal hypothermia, lessened the severity of lameness 8 hours after onset of lameness, and improved the clinical status of horses 72 hours after onset of lameness. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results support the conclusion that BAYTG 1000 was protective when used in prevention of laminitis. The drug decreased severity and improved clinical status (recovery) of induced lameness, which was interpreted to mean that the drug's actions were on mechanisms important but secondary to primary causal mechanisms of laminitis. Therefore, drugs that enhance digital perfusion via alteration of rheologic activity may have potential use in the prevention and management of laminitis in horses.  相似文献   

14.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of meloxicam administered perioperatively with transdermal administration of fentanyl via a patch placed preoperatively in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 16 dogs. PROCEDURE: Unilateral or bilateral osteotomy of the tibia and fibula was surgically performed, and a uniplanar external distraction device was placed in each limb. Postoperative pain and lameness were assessed 24, 48, and 72 hours after administration of the first of 3 doses of meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg [0.09 mg/lb], IV, given preoperatively, followed by 0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], IV, after 24 hours, and 0.1 mg/kg, PO, after 48 hours) or preoperative placement of a transdermal fentanyl patch (50 microg/h) left in place for 72 hours. RESULTS: No significant differences in total pain scores were detected between groups. Mean +/- SD lameness scores assessed at 24 and 72 hours were lower in dogs in the meloxicam group than dogs in the fentanyl group. Lameness scores decreased with time in a similar manner in both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Perioperative administration of meloxicam or preoperative placement of a transdermal fentanyl patch provided effective and similar postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery. However, because of its anti-inflammatory effects, treatment with meloxicam reduced the degree of lameness and resulted in rapid functional recovery of the limb.  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pelvic movement over a large number of strides in sound horses and in horses with induced hind limb lameness by applying methods to the pelvis that have been described for evaluating vertical head movement in horses with induced forelimb lameness. ANIMALS: 17 adult horses. PROCEDURE: Horses were filmed while trotting on a treadmill before and after induction of transient mild and moderate hind limb lamenesses. Vertical pelvic movement was measured by a signal decomposition method. The vertical pelvic signal was decomposed into a periodic component (A1) that occurred at half the stride frequency (representing vertical pelvic movement caused by lameness) and another periodic component (A2) that occurred at stride frequency (representing normal vertical pelvic movement of a trotting horse). Vertical pelvic and foot positions were correlated for each stride to compare the difference between the minimum and maximum heights of the pelvis during and after stance of the right hind limb to the minimum and maximum heights of the pelvis during and after stance of the left hind limb. RESULTS: Maximum pelvic height difference and lameness amplitude (A1) differed significantly between sound and mild or moderate hind limb lameness conditions. Mean A1 value for vertical pelvic movement in sound horses was less than that previously reported for vertical head movement. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pelvic height differences and signal decomposition of pelvic movement can be used to objectively evaluate hind limb lameness in horses over a large number of strides in clinical and research settings.  相似文献   

16.
Three- or 5-day courses of meloxicam [0.2 mg/kg body weight (BW) subcutaneously pre- or postoperatively on Day 1 followed by 0.05 mg/kg BW, PO per day thereafter] were assessed for analgesic efficacy and safety in 50 client-owned cats undergoing onychectomy and sterilization. Primary outcome parameters were analgesia score, gait/lameness score, and need for rescue analgesia assessed at times 0, 1, 4, 7, 24, 28, 35, 48, 52, 57 hours and on Day 5. Packed cell volume/total solids and serum biochemistry were assessed at time 0 and Days 3 and 5. There were no differences in efficacy and safety parameters regardless of the treatment protocol employed and no cat required rescue analgesia. The patients that received meloxicam preoperatively had statistically better gait/lameness scores than those that received meloxicam postoperatively, supporting the principle of preemptive analgesia.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of orthopaedic pain on the variation of stride length as a kinematic system-parameter in 21 horses with forelimb lameness. Data were collected while the horses were trotting on a treadmill during a minimum of 12 motion cycles, both before and after intra-articular or perineural anaesthesia. Stride length was assessed for each motion cycle, and the mean and standard deviation were calculated for each condition. Forelimb lameness was documented as percentage of asymmetry of vertical head movement. With significant decrease of forelimb lameness after regional anaesthesia, the SD of stride length increased significantly (+0.35%, P< 0.05). Our results show that in the presence of orthopaedic pain horses keep stride variability low, possibly because the lame horse employs an optimum compensatory mechanism to reduce the pain in the affected limb, and every deviation from this pattern increases pain.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of meloxicam and flunixin meglumine on recovery of ischemia-injured equine jejunum. ANIMALS: 18 horses. PROCEDURES: Horses received butorphanol tartrate; were treated IV with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (SS; 12 mL; n = 6), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg; 6), or meloxicam (0.6 mg/kg; 6) 1 hour before ischemia was induced for 2 hours in a portion of jejunum; and were allowed to recover for 18 hours. Flunixin and SS treatments were repeated after 12 hours; all 3 treatments were administered immediately prior to euthanasia. Selected clinical variables, postoperative pain scores, and meloxicam pharmacokinetic data were evaluated. After euthanasia, assessment of epithelial barrier function, histologic evaluation, and western blot analysis of ischemia-injured and control jejunal mucosa samples from the 3 groups were performed. RESULTS: Meloxicam- or flunixin-treated horses had improved postoperative pain scores and clinical variables, compared with SS-treated horses. Recovery of transepithelial barrier function in ischemia-injured jejunum was inhibited by flunixin but permitted similarly by meloxicam and SS treatments. Eighteen hours after cessation of ischemia, numbers of neutrophils in ischemia-injured tissue were higher in horses treated with meloxicam or flunixin than SS. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were similar to those reported previously, but clearance was slower. Changes in expression of proteins associated with inflammatory responses to ischemic injury and with different drug treatments occurred, suggesting cyclooxygenase-independent effects. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although further assessment is needed, these data have suggested that IV administration of meloxicam may be a useful alternative to flunixin meglumine for postoperative treatment of horses with colic.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of administering multiple doses of phenylbutazone alone or a combination of phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine to alleviate lameness in horses. ANIMALS: 29 adult horses with naturally occurring forelimb and hind limb lameness. PROCEDURES: Lameness evaluations were performed by use of kinematic evaluation while horses were trotting on a treadmill. Lameness evaluations were performed before and 12 hours after administration of 2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment regimens. Phenylbutazone paste was administered at approximately 2.2 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours for 5 days, or phenylbutazone paste was administered at approximately 2.2 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours for 5 days in combination with flunixin meglumine administered at 1.1 mg/kg, IV, every 12 hours for 5 days. RESULTS: Alleviation of lameness was greater after administration of the combination of NSAIDs than after oral administration of phenylbutazone alone. Improvement in horses after a combination of NSAIDs did not completely mask lameness. Five horses did not improve after either NSAID treatment regimen. All posttreatment plasma concentrations of NSAIDs were less than those currently allowed by the United States Equestrian Federation Inc for a single NSAID. One horse administered the combination NSAID regimen died of acute necrotizing colitis during the study. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Administration of a combination of NSAIDs at the dosages and intervals used in the study reported here alleviated the lameness condition more effectively than did oral administration of phenylbutazone alone. This may attract use of combinations of NSAIDs to increase performance despite potential toxic adverse effects.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical safety of administration of injectable enrofloxacin. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS: 24 adult horses. PROCEDURES: Healthy horses were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups that received placebo injections (control) or IV administration of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], 15 mg/kg [6.8 mg/lb], or 25 mg/kg [11.4 mg/lb] of body weight, q 24 h) for 21 days. Joint angles, cross-sectional area of superficial and deep digital flexor and calcaneal tendons, carpal or tarsal osteophytes or lucency, and midcarpal and tarsocrural articular cartilage lesions were measured. Physical and lameness examinations were performed daily. Measurements were repeated after day 21, and articular cartilage and bone biopsy specimens were examined. RESULTS: Enrofloxacin did not induce changes in most variables during administration or for 7 days after administration. One horse (dosage, 15 mg/kg) developed lameness and cellulitis around the tarsal plantar ligament during the last week of administration. One horse (dosage, 15 mg/kg) developed mild superficial digital flexor tendinitis, and 1 horse (dosage, 25 mg/kg) developed tarsal sheath effusion without lameness 3 days after the last administration. High doses of enrofloxacin (15 and 25 mg/kg) administered by bolus injection intermittently induced transient neurologic signs that completely resolved within 10 minutes without long-term effects. Slower injection and dilution of the dose ameliorated the neurologic signs. Adverse reactions were not detected with a 5 mg/kg dose administered IV as a bolus. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Enrofloxacin administered IV once daily at the rate of 5 mg/kg for 3 weeks is safe in adult horses.  相似文献   

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