共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
研究了持续高温干旱胁迫条件下禾本科C4植物香根草的光合特性和几种生理指标的变化.结果表明:在整个高温干旱胁迫过程中土壤相对含水量、香根草叶片相对含水量及叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势,而丙二醛(MDA)含量和游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量持续增加,抗氧化物酶类(SOD、POD)活性先升高后降低.胁迫初期香根草叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、细胞间CO2浓度(Ci)显著下降.随着胁迫程度加剧,PSII最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSII有效光化学量子产量(Fv'/Fm')、光化学猝灭(qP)、非光化学猝灭(qN)、电子传递速率(ETR)下降.表明高温干旱胁迫初期光合速率的下降是由于气孔关闭引起,胁迫后期指标变化是由于叶片PSII光合系统受损引起. 相似文献
2.
《经济林研究》2021,39(3)
【目的】研究栀子的耐旱性,为适用于困难立地区域植被恢复的耐旱植物的筛选提供基础理论依据。【方法】以1年生栀子苗为试验材料,分别设置轻度、中度和重度的干旱胁迫处理进行盆栽试验,测定不同程度的干旱胁迫下栀子苗叶片的相对含水量、光合参数、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数,并观测其叶绿体超微结构的变化状态。【结果】在干旱胁迫下,栀子叶片的相对含水量随着胁迫程度的加重而不断下降,栀子叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素的含量均显著增高(P 0.05);不同程度的干旱胁迫下栀子叶片的净光合速率日变化曲线类型均为"双峰"型,均表现出明显的"光合午休"现象,同时栀子叶片的净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率与气孔导度则随着干旱胁迫程度的加重均逐渐下降,其净光合速率的降低为气孔因素所致;不同程度的干旱胁迫下栀子叶片的初始荧光、非光化学淬灭系数均逐渐上升,而其最大荧光值、PSⅡ反应中心光能转化效率和光化学淬灭系数则随着干旱胁迫程度的加重均逐渐下降。轻度干旱胁迫对栀子叶绿体超微结构的影响较小,但在中度及重度干旱胁迫下,栀子叶绿体受到了不同程度的损伤,其叶绿体外膜部分破裂,基粒排列紊乱,基质片层扭曲变形,导致光合作用减弱。【结论】栀子幼苗有较强的耐旱性,在重度干旱胁迫下仍能生长。 相似文献
3.
水分胁迫对新红星苹果幼树光合作用影响的研究表明:水分胁迫条件下,新红星苹果幼树净光合速率随叶片水势的降低存在阈值现象,叶片净光合速率下降的临界水势为-2.03MPa.对新红星苹果幼树灌溉的临界土壤含水量轻壤土为9.78％;暗呼吸及光呼吸速率与叶水势降低的关系,呈现先升高而后下降的曲线类型;严重的水分胁迫可以引起叶绿素含量下降。 相似文献
4.
在不同浓度的PEG6000的1/2Hoagland营养液水分胁迫条件下,对处理3 d的车前和紫花地丁的净光合速率、叶绿素荧光参数、细胞电解质外渗率、相对含水量和丙二醛含量等指标进行了测定和分析.结果表明:随营养液水势的降低,车前和紫花地丁的净光合速率明显降低,在水分胁迫条件下气孔限制是车前净光合速率降低的主导因素,气孔限制和非气孔限制共同导致了紫花地丁净光合速率的下降;两种植物均具有较好的抗旱性;水分胁迫对两种植物PSⅡ的原初光能转换效率和潜在活性均产生了影响;车前和紫花地丁的细胞电解质外渗率均随着培养液水势的降低呈逐渐增大的趋势,车前的质膜稳定性高于紫花地丁.从水分胁迫条件下两种植物净光合速率、质膜透性、相对含水量和长势等方面分析,车前比紫花地丁具有更好的对水分胁迫的适应能力. 相似文献
5.
干旱胁迫对槐树幼苗生长和生理生态特征的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以盆栽当年生槐树幼苗为材料,研究干旱胁迫对槐树幼苗生长和若干生理生态指标的影响。结果表明：随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,槐树幼苗的生长受到明显抑制,叶片相对含水量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度逐渐下降,水分利用效率和脯氨酸含量则显著上升;叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量、类胡萝卜素含量随土壤含水量的降低,先减小后增大,而叶绿素a/叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素/叶绿素总量无显著变化;干旱胁迫下,净光合速率的下降是由气孔因素与非气孔因素双重作用造成的,轻度和中度干旱胁迪下气孔限制是光合速率下降的主要原因,而重度干旱胁迫下非气孔限制是光合速率下降的主要原因。 相似文献
6.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(9)
采用盆栽试验,研究水分胁迫对刨花润楠幼苗光合生理指标及叶绿素荧光参数的影响,揭示水分胁迫对刨花润楠光合作用及生理指标之间的关系,为刨花润楠苗期水肥管理及栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:在4种水分胁迫下,刨花润楠幼苗的净光合速率、蒸腾速率及气孔导度的日变化均呈双峰曲线,有明显的光合午休现象,轻度干旱(LS)对刨花润楠幼苗的净光合速率(P_n)、初始荧光(F_o)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)无明显影响(P0.05);中度干旱(MS)及重度干旱(SS)均使刨花润楠幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)、电子传递速率(ETR)、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSII)、PSII的潜在活性(F_v/F_o)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)及生长显著下降(P0.05);初始荧光(F_o)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)显著升高(P0.05);在轻度干旱和中度干旱胁迫下刨花润楠幼苗光合作用的降低主要是由气孔关闭引起的,而重度干旱胁迫下光合作用的下降主要是由光合机构活性降低的非气孔因素引起的。 相似文献
7.
采用室内盆栽试验,研究不同程度水分胁迫24 d对新西伯利亚银白杨叶片光合生产力和渗透调节物质含量的影响.结果表明：水分胁迫抑制了新西伯利亚银白杨幼苗叶片的光合能力,提高了叶片细胞中可溶性蛋白质含量,并影响了叶片中可溶性糖含量.随着胁迫强度和胁迫时间的增加,叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均显著减小.叶片净光合速率与蒸腾速率和气孔导度呈极显著正相关关系,与土壤含水量呈显著正相关关系.气孔导度蒸与腾速率呈极显著正相关关系,与土壤含水量、可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关关系.蒸腾速率与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关关系.在土壤相对含水量≥25％的条件下,净光合速率下降主要由气孔因素导致.在土壤相对含水量＜25％的条件下,净光合速率下降主要由非气孔限制导致. 相似文献
8.
应用盆栽试验研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫下欧洲鹅耳枥和鹅耳枥2年生幼苗光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的变化。结果表明:随着盐胁迫的加剧,两种鹅耳枥叶绿素总量呈先升后降的趋势,且鹅耳枥叶绿素总量高于欧洲鹅耳枥;叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾作用(Tr)随着盐胁迫的加剧均显著降低,而气孔导度(Gs)则呈上升趋势;高盐浓度下鹅耳枥Pn和Gs的下降幅度比欧洲鹅耳枥小,Tr则明显高于欧洲鹅耳枥,Ci变化幅度较小。光化学量子效率(ΦPSII)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、电子传递速率(vETR)、光化学猝灭参数(qP)值随着盐浓度的增加总体呈下降趋势,鹅耳枥ΦPSII和Fv/Fm下降趋势较为缓慢,qP下降幅度小于欧洲鹅耳枥。鹅耳枥生长受盐胁迫的干扰程度小于欧洲鹅耳枥,其净光合速率下降幅度相对较小,光合作用受胁迫的程度小于欧洲鹅耳枥。 相似文献
9.
10.
为研究短时沙尘、遮阴、及沙尘遮阴复合胁迫对山楂光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的影响,从而为山楂的种植提供理论依据。采用人工模拟试验,对山楂在沙尘胁迫、遮阴胁迫以及沙尘遮阴复合胁迫下的光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的变化情况进行研究,结果表明,沙尘胁迫使净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、潜在活性(F_v/F_o)、最大PSⅡ量子产率(QY_(max))、稳定状态下的非光化学淬灭(NPQ_Lss)下降,胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)先升后降,暗适应下最小荧光(F_o)略有下降,但未发生显著变化。遮阴胁迫下,山楂叶片P_n、G_s、T_r、NPQ_Lss总体均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,C_i先下降后上升再下降,F_o先下降后上升,F_v/F_o、QY_(max)在轻度、中度遮阴胁迫下未发生显著变化,重度、严重遮阴胁迫下呈下降趋势。复合胁迫使山楂叶片P_n、G_s、T_r、QY_(max)、F_v/F_o、NPQ_Lss总体均先下降后上升,C_i先上升后下降,F_o则一直下降。轻度沙尘胁迫下非气孔因素影响了山楂的光合作用,随处理程度的增加,气孔限制逐渐占据主导;适度遮阴能改变山楂叶片PSⅡ的光能利用分配、增加热耗散保护光合机构;轻度复合胁迫下,沙尘对山楂叶片的光合作用影响较大,随处理程度的增加,遮阴逐渐成为主导因素。 相似文献
11.
Díaz-Espejo A Walcroft AS Fernández JE Hafridi B Palomo MJ Girón IF 《Tree physiology》2006,26(11):1445-1456
We quantified parameters for a model of leaf-level photosynthesis for olive, and tested the model against an independent dataset. Specific temperature-dependence parameters of the model for olive leaves were measured, as well as the relationship of the model parameters with area-based leaf nitrogen (N) content. The effect of soil water deficit on leaf photosynthesis was examined by applying two irrigation treatments to 29-year-old trees growing in a plantation: drip irrigation sufficient to meet the crop water requirements (I) and dry-farming (D). In both treatments, leaves had a higher photosynthetic capacity in April than in August. In August, photosynthetic capacity was lower in D trees than in I trees. Leaf photosynthetic capacity was linearly and positively related to leaf N content on an area basis (N(a)) and to leaf mass per unit area (LMA), and the regression slope varied with irrigation treatment. The seasonal reduction in N(a) was used in the model to predict photosynthesis under drought conditions. Olive leaves showed a clear limitation of photosynthesis by triose phosphate utilization (TPU) even at 40 degrees C, and the data suggest that olive invests fewer resources in TPU than other species. The seasonal decrease in photosynthetic capacity moderated the stomatal limitation to carbon dioxide (CO(2)) fixation as soil water deficit increased. Further, it enabled leaves to operate close to the transition point between photosynthetic limitation due to RuBP carboxylation capacity and that due to RuBP regeneration capacity, and resulted in a near constant value of internal CO(2) concentration from April to August. Under well watered conditions, N-use efficiency of the olive leaves was enhanced at the expense of reduced water-use efficiency. 相似文献
12.
Container-grown black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlings were planted in trays containing a sand and peat mixture, and placed in a climate-controlled greenhouse. One group of seedlings was kept well-watered, and another group was subjected to three cycles of drought. Gas exchange analysis showed that mesophyll photosynthetic function was largely unimpaired by drought. In contrast, stomatal conductance was sensitive to drought, although it became less sensitive with each drought cycle. Both stomatal and mesophyll conductances increased with time in control and drought-stressed seedlings, but mesophyll conductance increased with time more rapidly than did stomatal conductance. Limitation of photosynthetic rate was dominated by the mesophyll. In control seedlings, relative stomatal limitation increased from 6 to 16% by the end of the experiment. In drought-stressed seedlings, relative stomatal limitation of photosynthesis reached 40% during the first drought, but decreased to near control values immediately after rewatering. Because the third, most severe drought had only a minor effect on stomatal conductance, relative stomatal limitation of photosynthesis was similar to that in control seedlings by the end of the experiment. Inhibition of ontogenetic change during drought stress may be responsible for the apparent acclimation of mesophyll photosynthetic processes. We conclude that it would be more effective to select for high photosynthetic capacity than for reduced stomatal sensitivity when breeding for increased drought resistance in black spruce seedlings. 相似文献
13.
试验选取盆栽巨龙竹(Dendrocalamus sinicus)实生苗，通过控制土壤水分含量设置轻度干旱、中度干旱和重度干旱3个胁迫水平研究不同干旱胁迫处理对巨龙竹实生苗的光合参数和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明：随干旱程度的增加，土壤含水量显著下降，巨龙竹实生苗叶片的叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)均呈下降趋势，而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)在中度和重度干旱时呈上升趋势；在3种干旱强度下，SOD活性呈现先上升后下降再上升的变化趋势，APX活性和丙二醛含量均高于对照，CAT均低于对照。由研究结果可见，干旱会引起巨龙竹实生苗光合参数下降，光合速率下降的原因表现为随着干旱强度的增加由气孔限制原因转为非气孔限制原因，并且SOD和APX是巨龙竹在干旱胁迫下起主要作用的2种酶。巨龙竹实生苗在轻度干旱环境中表现出良好的适应性，但在中度和重度干旱环境中其适应性较差。 相似文献
14.
This paper studied the seasonal characteristics to resist the drought stress of Haloxylon persicum Bge. Ex Boiss. et Buhse photosynthetic shoots at habitat. The results showed that the predominant drought resistance factors
were varied at the different stage from growth to development. In the blooming season (from May 31 to June 29), endogenous
ABA contents were rare; stomatal conductance and photosynthesis intensity were the highest at the whole stage from growth
to development; soluble sugars contents had a decreasing trend and proline contents increased a little that made proline become
the predominant factor to resist the drought under this light water stress. In the hot summer (from June 29 to July 26), ABA
contents accumulated rapidly; stomatal conductance dropped to the lowest level of the growth and development; chlorophyll
was also decomposed; both soluble sugars and proline contents showed the trend of quickly accumulating, but the former was
faster than the latter. It was due to stomatal limitation and osmotic organic molecules accumulation that would affect the
photosynthetic shoots to resist severe drought stress. At the late period of the development (from Aug 9 to Aug 22), ABA rapidly
accumulated, its contents got to the highest level of whole life-span; stomatal conductance increased a little; proline and
soluble sugars contents changed little at high level; while the ratios of ABA to CTK content and ABA to IAA content got up
obviously, the effect to resist drought stress on high content ABA was inhibited by endogenous plant hormone CTK and IAA,
then the continuing accumulation of proline and soluble sugars would be prevented. Osmosis of organic molecules was the most
important factor to adjust leaves to severe water stress at this period.
__________
Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(5) [译自, 林业科学 2005, 41(5)] 相似文献
15.
白梭梭同化枝对干旱胁迫的生理生态响应 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
对白梭梭同化枝自然水分胁迫下的季节抗旱特征进行研究。结果表明:自然干旱胁迫条件下,不同生长发育时期同化枝的主导抗旱生理因子不同。5月31日至6月29日盛花期间,同化枝内源ABA含量甚微,气孔导度值与光合强度处于生长发育过程的最高水平,可溶性糖含量呈现下降趋势,而脯氨酸含量略有增加,植物通过渗透调节作用适应此阶段轻度干旱胁迫;6月29日至7月26日盛夏期间,ABA迅速积累,气孔导度值降为生长发育过程的最低值,叶绿素分解,可溶性糖与脯氨酸均呈现快速积累趋势,且可溶性糖积累强度大于脯氨酸;8月9日至8月22日同化枝生长发育后期,ABA急剧积累为生长发育过程的最高浓度,气孔导度值有所增大,脯氨酸和可溶性糖保持在高水平平稳变化。此阶段高浓度ABA调节植物生理过程适应干旱的效应受CTK、IAA两种内源激素的抑制,进而抑制脯氨酸和可溶性糖的继续积累。 相似文献
16.
采用盆栽控水方法,研究了翅莢木、滇楸和银荆树3树种当年生实生苗的光合特性与抗旱性的关系.结果表明:随着干旱胁迫强度的增加和时间的延长,3树种的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)均呈下降趋势,而胞间CO2浓度则呈上升的趋势;净光合速率日变化曲线逐渐从典型的单峰型转变成双峰型,出现"光合午休"现象.在轻度胁迫和中度胁迫下,净光合速率的降低是由气孔因素和非气孔因素共同引起的:而重度胁迫下,净光合速率的降低主要是非气孔因素引起的.干旱复水后,3个树种的净光合速率均有明显的恢复.利用隶属函数与反隶属函数法对3个树种的抗旱能力进行综合评价,其抗旱能力为:银荆树＞翅莢木＞滇楸. 相似文献
17.
《林业研究》2017,(2)
Water deficit is one of the major limiting factors in vegetation recovery and reconstruction in the semi-arid area of loess hilly regions. Leaf photosynthesis in Hippophae rhamnoides Linn., a common tree grown in this region, decreases under water stress, but the mechanism responsible is not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drought stress on photosynthesis and the relationship between photosynthetic variables and soil water contents to help us better understand the photophysiological characteristics of H. rhamnoides under water stress and guide cultivation in the loess hilly region. Here,gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves of 3-year-old saplings of H.rhamnoides grown in pots were tested under eight soil water conditions. When soil water content(RWC) was between 38.9 and 70.5 %, stomatal limitation was responsible for the reduced net photosynthetic rate(PN).When RWC was lower than 38.9 %, nonstomatal limitation was the main factor restricting PN. Moderate water stress improved the water use efficiency(WUE) of the leaf.Water stress significantly influenced fluorescence variables and the antioxidant enzyme system. When RWC was between 38.9 and 70.5 %, nonphotochemical quenching(NPQ) increased and then decreased, indicating that thermal energy dissipation was a significant photoprotection mechanism. Antioxidant enzymes were activated when RWC ranged from 48.3 to 70.5 %; under severe water stress(RWC \ 38.9 %), the antioxidant enzyme system was damaged, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes declined, and membranes were damaged. In the semiarid loess hilly region, RWC between 58.6 and 70.5 % was the economic water threshold value that maintained higher WUE and PN, and the maximum soil water deficit level that could sustain H. rhamnoides was RWC of 38.9 %. 相似文献
18.
【目的】揭示北高丛越橘对干旱胁迫的响应机制并筛选出耐旱性较强的越橘品种。【方法】以11个北高丛越橘品种1年生扦插苗为试材,分别为‘蓝丰’‘瑞卡’‘双迪’‘斯巴坦’‘卡拉’‘伊丽莎白’‘钱德勒’‘布里吉塔’‘公爵’‘甜心’‘埃利奥特’,研究干旱胁迫对光合生理特性的影响,并评价不同品种的抗旱性。【结果】干旱胁迫20 d后,北高丛越橘品种脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、过氧化氢酶活性、胞间CO_2浓度均显著升高,而净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、光系统Ⅱ实际光量子产量和电子传递速率均显著降低。通过主成分分析,将16项生理生化指标转化为3个互相独立的综合指标,累计贡献率达85.74%。主成分1主要反映叶片生理特性、抗氧化酶活性及主要的叶片荧光参数等信息,主成分2主要反映叶片气孔功能信息,主成分3主要反映叶片光合作用相关信息。通过聚类分析,将11个北高丛越橘品种划分为3个类型:‘甜心’‘公爵’和‘蓝丰’为抗旱型,‘布里吉塔’‘伊丽莎白’‘瑞卡’和‘埃利奥特’为中间型,‘钱德勒’‘双迪’‘斯巴坦’和‘卡拉’为不抗旱型。根据抗旱性综合评价值,11个北高丛越橘品种按照抗旱性由高到低排序依次为‘甜心’‘公爵’‘蓝丰’‘布里吉塔’‘伊丽莎白’‘瑞卡’‘埃利奥特’‘卡拉’‘斯巴坦’‘双迪’‘钱德勒’。【结论】采用主成分分析、隶属函数法、聚类分析等相结合的方法对北高丛越橘苗期耐干旱胁迫能力进行评估,可以较好地揭示性状指标与耐干旱胁迫能力的关系。11个北高丛蓝莓品种中‘甜心’‘公爵’和‘蓝丰’耐干旱胁迫能力较强。 相似文献
19.
以盆栽5年生云锦杜鹃苗木为材料,分对照、轻度胁迫、中度胁迫、重度胁迫4组,研究了土壤水分胁迫对云锦杜鹃叶片光合特性日变化的影响。结果表明:随着水分胁迫的加重,云锦杜鹃的光合日变化曲线由典型的双峰型逐渐转变为峰值很小的单峰型,峰值的降低在轻度水分胁迫下由气孔限制引起,而在中度和重度水分胁迫下则由非气孔限制引起。轻度、中度和重度水分胁迫对云锦杜鹃光合特性日变化的影响差异显著。经逐步多元回归得到了净光合速率日变化的回归方程。 相似文献
20.
干旱胁迫对真桦光合特性及渗透调节物质含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以真桦盆栽幼苗为试材,研究干旱胁迫对真桦叶片光合作用和渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫使真桦幼苗净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著降低,降低幅度随胁迫程度的加剧而加大。胁迫初期,轻度和中度干旱胁迫组真桦幼苗净光合速率降低的同时气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度同时降低,光合速率降低的主要原因是气孔因素;胁迫中期和后期,各干旱处理组光合速率降低的同时胞间CO2浓度均显著升高,非气孔限制是净光合速率降低的主要原因。真桦在干旱胁迫过程中,可溶性蛋白变化不显著,可溶性糖含量增加,为主要的渗透调节物质。 相似文献