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1.
汉江中游银鮈的繁殖生物学 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
初步研究了2004年5～8月汉江鱼类资源调查中采集的银鱼句的繁殖生物学。汉江中游的银鱼句5月中旬至8月上旬繁殖,成熟亲鱼个体全长6.5～16cm,平均(9.25±2.34)cm,平均体重(9.51±3.28)g;亲鱼97.5%为2～3龄鱼,2.5%为4龄鱼,均无明显的第二性征;左右两性腺等重,绝对怀卵量平均(4823±1023)粒,相对怀卵量平均(365±43)粒/g,成熟卵粒径(0.98±0.11)mm;属一次产卵类型。繁殖亲鱼评估数量为15.26万尾,产卵3.68亿粒,有谷城、茨河等7个产卵场;产卵水温17.5～27℃,多处于两个江水上升峰之间的波谷期产卵;卵粒吸水膨胀后具双层卵膜,外膜具微粘性,是漂流性卵系中唯一具双膜的鱼卵;卵外膜直径(3.6±0.42)mm,内膜直径(1.88±0.12)mm;胚胎发育分为4个阶段、50个发育期。 相似文献
2.
大银鱼移植及人工繁殖技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用双层塑料袋向许家崖水库移植大银鱼受精率３０万粒，放卵后用木制孵化箱进行孵化，孵化率６７％，大银鱼产卵时间可从１１月中旬持续到翌年１月底，高峰期为１２月２８日至翌年１月４日，平均怀卵量８０００粒，雌雄比３：５。选择成熟亲鱼，进行人工受卵授精，受精率为７５％，专家鉴定认为，本研究成果因国内领先水平，在大银鱼人工繁殖方面，对亲鱼成熟度的鉴定，别鱼选择，人工授精技术，受精卵的贮存，运输技术等有创新点。 相似文献
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珠江水系大眼鳜的繁殖生物学 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了研究大眼鳜（Siniperca kneri）的繁殖生物学，对珠江水系的322尾大眼鳜性成熟样本进行了生物学指标测量。根据性腺成熟系数周年变化情况和成熟度周年分布，可以推断大眼鳜的生殖季节为4-8月份，产卵旺季为5-6月份。绝对怀卵量随体长、体重、年龄的增加而增加，在11036～106022粒之间，相对怀卵量则不随体长、体重、年龄的变化而变化，而是保持在每克100粒左右。在水温24～25℃时，受精卵经过69h23min孵化出膜。 相似文献
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江苏省六台县金牛山水库从1993年开始进行大银鱼移植和繁殖工作，1996年获产量10．8吨，受精卵1640万粒。现将大银鱼人工繁殖技术介绍如下。1人工授精时间大银鱼人工授精应掌握在产卵盛期内进行，江苏六合地区大银鱼产卵高峰期在12月中下旬至翌年1月，水温2℃～6℃。2亲鱼的捕捞与选择亲鱼最好在产卵比较集中的产卵场进行捕捞。捕捞网具为网目1．2～2．2厘米、网高1米左右的单层小刺网。黄昏时下网．次日清晨边起网边取鱼操作。在人工授精时要选择性腺发育到V期的个体，此时雌鱼腹部膨大柔软，充满透明的卵粒，臀蜡较小．提起头部后腹部下… 相似文献
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1 碧流河水库水体状况碧流河水库座落在东经122°10′～122°53′,北纬39°24′～40°20′的碧流河主河道上,并有季节性三条主河流。水库可养殖水面为53万亩。水库处北温带气候区,平均水温(据1989～1996年资料统计)春季96℃,夏季236℃,秋季204℃。全年结冰期为100天左右。大银鱼生长适温范围为0～30℃,产卵水温2～6℃,在碧流河水库产卵孵化期为12月下旬至第二年的3月上旬。水库底质具备大面积的泥塑沙底(硬底),为大银鱼在碧流河水库自然繁殖提供了较优越的环境条件。1989～1991年调查表明,碧流河水库库水含盐量、酸碱度、硬度都符合国家一… 相似文献
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环道孵化中华鲟效果观察 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
1983年我们在葛洲坝下进行中华鲟人工催情首次获得成功。中华鲟是我国特有的大型江海洄游性经济鱼类，雌鱼怀卵量大，一般为40～90万粒／尾，卵径一般为3．8～4．5毫米。1尾雌鱼产出的卵多达数十升。如何解决大量受精卵的孵化，是一个亟待解决的问题。 相似文献
8.
平旺水库位于河北省赞皇县境内槐河上游，宜渔面积3000亩。1996年1月从山东省诸城市王里在水库引进大银鱼受精卵500万粒，一次移植成功。据9月底预测有大银鱼资源量4000－5000kg，并安排人工采卵。采卵技术人员于12月6日进驻水库，19日进入采卵高潮，至”日结束，共采集银鱼卵0．98亿粒，经人工作卵（人工授精，下同）后，受精率为80％以上。IWh年人工采卵及作卵成效较好，原因之一是留足了产卵亲鱼，这是能作大量优质鱼卵的物质基础；二是采取了一系列有力的技术措施，现报告如下。l估算亲鱼资源量，有计划安排人工采卵lop年1月移植大银鱼… 相似文献
9.
的繁殖生物学 《水利渔业》2005,25(2):23-24
初步研究了2004年5～8月汉江鱼类资源调查中采集的银(鱼句)的繁殖生物学.汉江中游的银(鱼句)5月中旬至8月上旬繁殖,成熟亲鱼个体全长6.5～16cm,平均(9.25±2.34)cm,平均体重(9.51±3.28)g;亲鱼97.5%为2～3龄鱼,2.5%为4龄鱼,均无明显的第二性征;左右两性腺等重,绝对怀卵量平均(4
823±1 023)粒,相对怀卵量平均(365±43)粒/g,成熟卵粒径(0.98±0.11)mm;属一次产卵类型.繁殖亲鱼评估数量为15.26万尾,产卵3.68亿粒,有谷城、茨河等7个产卵场;产卵水温17.5～27℃,多处于两个江水上升峰之间的波谷期产卵;卵粒吸水膨胀后具双层卵膜,外膜具微粘性,是漂流性卵系中唯一具双膜的鱼卵;卵外膜直径(3.6±0.42)mm,内膜直径(1.88±0.12)mm;胚胎发育分为4个阶段、50个发育期. 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
13.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献
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Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response. 相似文献
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An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This study brings an integrated analysis about the relationship between water deterioration and its physiological consequences in live fish transport. The analysis was focused on the transport water and its deterioration, and physiological challenges imposed on the fish. Usual commercial handling procedures employed to mitigate fish stress during transport were discussed. Future topics of research for the establishment of safer fish transport protocols were proposed. Transport was classified into short (≤8 h) or long transport (>8 h). The main issue in short transports should be the prevention of water pH reduction, while in long transports it is the increase in ammonia. Plasma cortisol is the most employed marker for stress and is acutely elevated upon short episodes of transport, but remains elevated even in long‐transport events. Plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for handling stress. Plasma lactate, pH, osmolality CO2 and ions should be more often evaluated. Plasma Na+ and Cl‐ are very useful markers of acidosis, due to their respective exchange for H+ and , for acid–base regulation. The establishment of species‐specific transport protocols should be preceded by such combined analyses of water and physiological parameters. 相似文献