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1.
渭北旱塬不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤水分和春玉米产量的影响 总被引：16，自引：6，他引：10
为了探明不同秸秆覆盖量对渭北旱塬土壤水分及春玉米产量的影响,于2008－2009年在陕西合阳县旱农试验站进行了3个水平的秸秆覆盖量（4 500、9 000和13 500 kg/hm2）试验,以不覆盖为对照（CK）。2 a结果表明,3个处理0～200 cm土层平均土壤贮水量较CK均显著提高,分别增加16.52、25.52和34.04 mm（P＜0.05）;播后0～60 d,农田蒸散量较CK分别减少4.43、8.23（P＜0.05）和6.96 mm（P＜0.05）;9 000 kg/hm2处理2年平均籽粒产量及水分利用效率表现最优,较CK分别提高11.03%（P＜0.05）和9.25%（P＜0.05）,13 500 kg/hm2处理次之,4 500 kg/hm2处理最差。本研究表明,渭北旱塬春玉米生育期降水量低于390 mm时,不同秸秆覆盖量处理蓄水保墒及增产效应明显,且以9 000 kg/hm2覆盖量为宜。 相似文献
2.
为了探明不同量秸秆覆盖对春玉米全生育期光合特性的影响机理,2007—2009年在陕西合阳县西北农林科技大学旱农试验站,以传统耕作为对照（CK）,设置玉米秸秆覆盖量分别为4500（S1）、9000（S2）、13500kg.hm-（2S3）的定位试验。结果表明,各覆盖量处理春玉米叶片群体净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（T）r和气孔导度（GS）在2008和2009年均表现出协同变化趋势,随覆盖量的递增,Pn、Tr、GS、叶片水分利用效率（WUE瞬时）、PSⅡ潜在活性（Fv/F0）、PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）和光化学萃灭系数（qP）呈依次升高趋势,其中,S1和CK处理的Pn在2008—2009年均呈＂单峰型＂曲线变化特征,峰值出现在拔节期;S2和S3处理则表现为＂双峰型＂曲线变化特征,峰值分别出现在拔节期和孕穗期,且前者高于后者。S1、S2和S3处理2008年籽粒产量较CK分别显著增产7.65%、16.19%和17.84%（P〈0.05）。2009年各处理籽粒产量增长趋势和2008年一致,但增幅整体低于2008年,统计分析表明,S3处理光合特性及籽粒产量整体优于S2,但两者间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。以上结果表明,不同量秸秆覆盖措施均能通过改善春玉米不同生育时期光合特性,达到增产目的,但从有利于生产实际及提高经济效益来看,渭北旱塬乃至其他同类生态区（春玉米生育期降水量低于390mm）进行玉米整株秸秆覆盖时推荐选择9000kg.hm-2的覆盖量。 相似文献
3.
覆盖后秋浇对翌年春玉米生育期水热盐及产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为探讨寒旱盐灌区覆盖后秋浇对翌年春玉米生育期水热盐状况的影响,2013年10月—2015年10月在河套灌区盐渍土壤进行覆盖秋浇后翌年春玉米田间试验,设5个处理,秸秆覆盖量0.9 kg/m2(F0.9)、秸秆覆盖量0.6 kg/m2(F0.6)、玉米整秆覆盖(YZ)、地膜覆盖(DM)、未覆盖(CK)。试验于每月中旬进行取土测定土壤含水率、电导率,玉米收获后测定籽粒产量及生物产量与经济系数。结果表明:秋浇前地面覆盖影响翌年春玉米生育期内各处理的土壤温度,地膜覆盖处理耕层地温均值最高,秸秆覆盖处理的土壤温度低于未覆盖处理,且秸秆覆盖使得春季土温升温缓慢而不利于春播作物生长;各处理覆盖秋浇后的土壤含水率均高于未覆盖处理CK,无论是播期的土壤储水量还是生育期内的土壤储水量,秸秆覆盖处理的蓄水保墒性地膜覆盖处理及未覆盖处理;各处理0~40 cm覆盖秋浇后的土壤含盐量均值均低于CK,其中处理YZ的土壤含盐量最低;地面覆盖处理的籽粒产量和生物产量均高于未覆盖处理CK,籽粒产量最高的是处理YZ;各处理中,玉米整杆覆盖处理YZ和粉碎的玉米秸秆覆盖量为0.9 kg/m2的产量与经济系数较高。研究可为覆盖秋浇农艺节水应用提供参考。 相似文献
4.
秸秆还田结合秋覆膜对半干旱区春玉米的影响*1 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2013-2015年在农业部阜新农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,设置秸秆还田(S)和秸秆还田结合秋覆膜（AM+S）两个春玉米种植处理,其中秸秆还田仅在2013年秋季进行,以裸地种植春玉米为对照(CK)。采用EcH2O土壤水温数据采集器实时观测不同处理的土壤水分和温度动态,结合玉米生长特性,研究秸秆还田结合秋覆膜对春玉米生长和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,AM+S处理极显著增加了0-50cm土层的地积温和土壤体积含水量,增加了春玉米的耗水量,2014年和2015年春玉米播前1m土层分别较CK多贮水83.92mm和92.68mm。但2014年各处理籽粒产量差异不显著,AM+S处理春玉米水分利用效率显著低于CK和S处理;而在2015年,AM+S处理显著促进了玉米干物质积累,增加春玉米产量,春玉米产量和降水利用效率分别达到13560kg·hm-2、58.52kg·hm-2·mm-1,较CK和S处理分别同时提高97.96%和62.83%,籽粒产量水分利用效率(WUE)达到47.09kg·hm-2·mm-1,较CK和S处理处理分别提高90.34%和65.58%。本研究表明,在雨养农田较干旱的年份,采用秸秆一次性还田结合秋季覆膜技术,是解决半干旱区秸秆过剩,提高半干旱地区春玉米翌年产量和农田水分利用效率的较优方案。 相似文献
5.
2013-2015年在农业部阜新农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,设置秸秆还田(S)和秸秆还田结合秋覆膜（AM+S）两个春玉米种植处理,其中秸秆还田仅在2013年秋季进行,以裸地种植春玉米为对照(CK)。采用EcH2O土壤水温数据采集器实时观测不同处理的土壤水分和温度动态,结合玉米生长特性,研究秸秆还田结合秋覆膜对春玉米生长和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,AM+S处理极显著增加了0-50cm土层的地积温和土壤体积含水量,增加了春玉米的耗水量,2014年和2015年春玉米播前1m土层分别较CK多贮水83.92mm和92.68mm。但2014年各处理籽粒产量差异不显著,AM+S处理春玉米水分利用效率显著低于CK和S处理;而在2015年,AM+S处理显著促进了玉米干物质积累,增加春玉米产量,春玉米产量和降水利用效率分别达到13560kg·hm-2、58.52kg·hm-2·mm-1,较CK和S处理分别同时提高97.96%和62.83%,籽粒产量水分利用效率(WUE)达到47.09kg·hm-2·mm-1,较CK和S处理处理分别提高90.34%和65.58%。本研究表明,在雨养农田较干旱的年份,采用秸秆一次性还田结合秋季覆膜技术,是解决半干旱区秸秆过剩,提高半干旱地区春玉米翌年产量和农田水分利用效率的较优方案。 相似文献
6.
秸秆覆盖量对土壤温度和春玉米耗水规律及产量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为研究秸秆覆盖在春玉米种植过程中的适用性,试验以不覆盖(CK)为对照,设置秸秆覆盖量为5t/hm~2(JF_1),7.5t/hm~2(JF_2),10t/hm~2(JF_3)和12.5t/hm~2(JF_4)共5个处理对比研究了不同处理对春玉米耗水规律、土壤温度、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:全生育期内,春玉米阶段耗水量呈现先增大后减小的趋势,棵间土壤蒸发量则与之呈现相反的变化趋势,且二者在拔节—抽雄吐丝期分别达到全生育期的峰值和最低值。随秸秆覆盖量的增加,棵间土壤蒸发量呈现减小趋势,且当秸秆覆盖量达到10t/hm~2时,对棵间土壤水分蒸发的抑制作用开始呈现减弱趋势。秸秆覆盖在低温时起到了增温效果,而高温时具有明显的降温效应,春玉米苗期至拔节期,处理JF_1,JF_2,JF_3和JF_4平均较CK高2.14℃,4.23℃,5.53℃和6.56℃;春玉米抽雄吐丝至灌浆期的高温季节,处理JF_1,JF_2,JF_3和JF_4平均较CK低0.89℃,1.70℃,2.70℃和3.06℃,为春玉米的正常生长提供了良好的土壤温度条件。随秸秆覆盖量的增加,土壤温度平均日变幅呈现减小趋势,且当秸秆覆盖量达到10t/hm~2时,各土层温度变化趋于稳定。秸秆覆盖显著提高了春玉米产量及水分利用效率,且当覆盖量达到10t/hm~2时增幅趋于稳定,此时处理JF_3产量和水分利用效率平均较处理CK高24.89%和39.42%。综合分析,该地区春玉米种植过程中秸秆覆盖量宜采用10t/hm~2。 相似文献
7.
为明确不同覆盖方式对旱地马铃薯田土壤耗水、耗水规律、水分利用效率、产量及产量形成的影响,在陇中半干旱农区设置了玉米秸秆带状双行覆盖(SSM2)、玉米秸秆带状单行覆盖(SSM1)、玉米秸秆全覆盖(SFM)、地膜春覆盖(PMS)和地膜秋覆盖(PMA)5种覆盖方式,以传统露地平作为对照(CK)。结果表明:2年试验中,玉米秸秆带状覆盖和地膜覆盖处理土壤贮水消耗量较CK分别增加13.5,14.8 mm。玉米秸秆带状覆盖能显著提高降水对马铃薯耗水贡献率,不同降雨年型内均以SSM2处理贡献率最高,2年分别为95.6%和94.3%。于CK相比,覆盖处理均降低了生育前期(播种-块茎形成期)耗水量,地膜覆盖显著增加了生育中期(块茎形成期-淀粉积累期)耗水量,玉米秸秆带状覆盖显著增加了生育后期(淀粉积累期-收获期)的耗水量。玉米秸秆带状覆盖和地膜覆盖分别能使马铃薯干薯产量增加27.9%和24.2%,干薯水分利用效率提高23.1%和19.3%。综上可知,玉米秸秆带状覆盖处理能显著增加马铃薯生育时期内农田土壤贮水消耗量,并改善马铃薯生育前期和生育后期耗水,减少旱地马铃薯农田无效耗水,能显著提高马铃薯干薯产量和水分利用效率。 相似文献
8.
《水土保持学报》2014,(4)
为提高我国北方地区的旱作农田降水利用率,改善作物的水分有效性,于2008-2013年在山西省寿阳县国家旱作农业科技攻关试验区,连续定点定位设置渗水地膜与行间秸秆覆盖(SJ)、渗水地膜覆盖(S)、普通地膜与行间秸秆覆盖(PJ)、普通地膜覆盖(P)、秸秆覆盖(J)5个不同覆盖栽培模式,以传统平作为对照(CK),研究不同覆盖栽培模式对春玉米田土壤水分、产量及玉米经济效益的影响。6年研究结果表明:各覆盖处理均对土壤水分具有保持作用,0-200cm土层6年平均土壤贮水量较对照增加3.5%~8.8%。渗水地膜与行间秸秆覆盖(SJ)、渗水地膜覆盖(S)、普通地膜与行间秸秆覆盖(PJ)、普通地膜覆盖(P)和秸秆覆盖(J)处理增产效果显著,6年平均产量分别较对照增产27.8%,26.7%,19.2%,17.0%和6.9%,平均水分利用效率提高30.16%,29.63%,21.16%,15.87%和5.29%。渗水地膜覆盖(S)处理净收入最高,渗水地膜与行间秸秆覆盖(SJ)次之,6年平均净收入分别较对照增加1 924.2,1 703.6元/hm2。因此,渗水地膜覆盖(S)和渗水地膜与行间秸秆覆盖(SJ)处理在改善土壤水分效应的同时能显著增产增收,是北方半湿润偏旱区春玉米的高效栽培模式。 相似文献
9.
旱地春玉米地表覆盖对土壤硝态氮残留的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
《水土保持学报》2015,(4)
在山西晋中旱塬进行了6年定点定位田间春玉米试验,研究了旱地不同地表覆盖栽培模式对土壤硝态氮残留累积的影响。结果表明,不同覆盖耕作处理对春玉米吸氮量有显著影响,地表覆盖处理春玉米吸氮量均显著高于无覆盖处理,比无覆盖处理增加10.04%~26.29%;种植春玉米6a后,无覆盖(CK)、渗水地膜覆盖(S)、渗水地膜与行间秸秆覆盖(SJ)、普通地膜覆盖(P)、普通地膜与行间秸秆覆盖(PJ)和秸秆覆盖(J)处理中0—300cm土层硝态氮储量依次为818.32,555.42,450.25,421.49,511.49,399.96kg/hm2,CK处理NO3--N主要分布于60-220cm土层,S、SJ、P、PJ和J处理NO3--N主要分布于160—300cm土层;不同降水年型,地表覆盖均能降低氮素在土壤中的累积,但其累积深度有所不同;干旱年份,地表覆盖处理增加0—100cm土层土壤硝态氮的累积,有效降低深层土壤硝态氮的累积;丰水年,地表覆盖处理增加了深层土壤中的硝态氮累积,甚至部分肥料氮已被淋洗到玉米根区以外。因此,应采取合理的覆盖耕作措施减少土壤剖面中NO3--N的累积量。 相似文献
10.
秸秆还田替代化学钾肥对喀斯特峰丛洼地春玉米产量及土壤钾素的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
基于中国科学院环江喀斯特站2006年开展的玉米/大豆套作长期定位施肥试验,利用2010—2014年监测数据,研究等量氮磷钾投入条件下,不同处理[对照(不施肥,CK)、全量化肥(NPK)、秸秆还田替代30%化肥钾(C7S3)、秸秆还田替代60%化肥钾(C4S6)]间秸秆还田与化肥施用的效果差异,以期为喀斯特峰丛洼地农田生态利用秸秆还田替代化肥量提供科学依据。结果表明:1)施肥处理5年春玉米平均产量是不施肥处理的4.12~4.17倍,C7S3和C4S6处理产量分别是NPK处理的98.3%和98.7%,施肥处理玉米产量及秸秆量均随时间呈增长趋势。2)施肥使玉米秸秆中含钾量、春玉米籽粒吸收氮磷钾量均显著高于不施肥处理,但施肥处理间无显著差异(P0.05)。3)在钾素回收率、钾素吸收利用率、钾肥农学利用率以及钾肥偏生产力方面,C7S3和C4S6处理与全量化肥NPK处理间均无显著差异(P0.05)。4)NPK处理年均钾素盈余量为3.00 kg·hm~(-2),显著高于C7S3处理(-1.90 kg·hm~(-2));而C4S6处理钾素年均盈余量最大,为8.22 kg·hm~(-2),实际平衡盈余率为7.4%。5)与试验初期相比,不施肥处理土壤速效钾含量下降15.9%,施肥处理极显著增加了土壤中速效钾含量(P0.01);5年间施肥处理间年均速效钾含量增幅大小依次为:NPKC7S3C4S6,各处理间差异不显著(P0.05)。6)经过8年耕作,土壤缓效钾含量在CK和C4S6处理中分别下降10.9%和4.9%,NPK和C7S3处理分别增加1.3%和22.4%。综上所述,秸秆还田替代部分化肥钾的施肥措施运用在喀斯特峰丛洼地可在保持春玉米较高产量的同时,维持土壤钾素动态平衡;其中60%秸秆钾替代量更有利于维持钾素表观平衡,而30%的秸秆钾还田量则更有利于土壤缓效钾的积累。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献