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1.
针铁矿-高岭石二元体的微观结构与形成机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
制备了针铁矿-高岭石复合物,以其混合物为对照,分析了它们的微观结构与形成机制。结果表明,复合物中的针铁矿较好地包被在高岭石表面,而混合物中两固相之间的包被作用微弱。相对针铁矿和高岭石两单体而言,二元体中针铁矿和高岭石的主要晶面间距没有明显变化;复合物的孔体积增多、平均孔径减小,混合物的孔体积和平均孔径都接近两单体的平均值;两种二元体的表面分形度(D)增大,且D混合物>D复合物。红外光谱显示,二元体中≡Fe-OH的振动频率升高,而≡Al-OH、Al-O、Si-O和Fe-O的振动频率降低;高岭石与针铁矿胶结后,核磁共振波谱中29Si和27Al的化学位移均向正方向移动。根据波谱分析的结果推断,针铁矿与高岭石的胶结主要通过针铁矿表面≡FenOH2(n/2)+(n=1,2,3)与高岭石表面≡Si-OH、≡Al-OH02.5+等Lewis酸之间的阳离子交换、高岭石表面≡Si-O-和≡Al-OH0.5-与针铁矿表面铁羟基(≡Fe-OH)间的阴离子交换以及高岭石表面O与针铁矿表面Fe间的配位等作用而实现,其胶结力主要为氢键和静电引力。复合物中≡Fe-OH、≡Al-OH等主要基团的振动频率以及29Si、27Al的化学位移的漂移均大于混合物中的变化量,说明复合物中针铁矿与高岭石间的胶结强度大于混合物中两固相间的胶结作用。 相似文献
2.
Fe(Ⅱ)存在条件下氧化铁-高岭石复合物的形成与转化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
氧化铁-高岭石复合物是我国南方土壤的重要组分,也是影响这些土壤理化性质的主要因子。本文以Fe(Ⅱ)为添加剂,研究了晶质氧化铁-高岭石复合物的形成与转化过程及其影响因素。结果表明,Fe(Ⅱ)可加速晶质氧化铁-高岭石复合物的形成,在一定程度上克服了高岭石对晶质氧化铁形成的抑制作用。当Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)摩尔比(R)在0.04~0.06时,Fe(Ⅱ)可加速纤铁矿、针铁矿、赤铁矿-高岭石复合物的形成;当R≥0.1时,可快速形成磁铁矿-高岭石复合物。在温度50~60℃、pH5~6条件下,Fe(Ⅱ)可加速纤铁矿、针铁矿-高岭石复合物的形成;温度80℃及中性附近时,可加速赤铁矿-高岭石复合物的形成;pH9时,则形成了磁铁矿-高岭石复合物。高岭石的存在减弱了Fe(Ⅱ)对晶质氧化铁形成的催化效果,也可影响产物类型和结晶形貌。上述结果可为自然环境中氧化铁以及氧化铁-高岭石复合物的形成转化过程提供重要参考。 相似文献
3.
土壤胶体是土壤具备肥力与生态功能的物质基础,土壤胶体凝聚与分散影响着土壤中一系列微观过程和宏观现象。采用动态光散射技术比较研究三种碱金属阳离子(Li+、Na+、K+)引发不同类型黏土矿物(2︰1型蒙脱石和1︰1型高岭石)胶体凝聚中的Hofmeister效应。研究发现,Li+、Na+、K+作用下蒙脱石、高岭石胶体的凝聚速率、临界聚沉浓度及活化能都存在明显差异,表现出强烈的Hofmeister效应。当电解质浓度为20 mmol·L–1时,K+引发蒙脱石胶体凝聚的速率为66.61 nm·min–1,远高于Na+、Li+引发蒙脱石胶体凝聚速率(5.93、4.41 nm·min–1);而与之对应的临界聚沉浓度则呈现K+(蒙脱石21.8 mmol·L–1、高岭石34.6 mmol·L–1)低于Na+(蒙脱石57.6 mmol·L–1、高岭石85.8 mmol·L–1)低于Li+(蒙脱石81.8 mmol·L–1、高岭石113.9 mmol·L–1)规律,胶体凝聚中活化能可合理解释此现象。电解质浓度为25 mmol·L–1时,Li+、Na+、K+引发蒙脱石、高岭石胶体凝聚的活化能分别为1.97 kT、1.43 kT、0 kT和2.94 kT、1.71 kT、0.49 kT,说明蒙脱石、高岭石胶体凝聚过程中Hofmeister效应序列均为Li+相似文献
4.
结合吸附实验和X光吸收精细结构光谱(XAFS)分析,研究了草酸根和胡敏酸对As(V)在红壤中吸附的影响,分析了As(V)在红壤中的化学形态和微观结构以及草酸根、胡敏酸的影响特征。结果表明,当pH6.0时,红壤主要是通过基团交换反应吸附As(V),草酸根和胡敏酸可以通过竞争吸附位点抑制红壤中As(V)的吸附,其抑制作用随浓度增大而增强。XAFS光谱学数据表明,红壤中吸附的砷以+5价态存在,主要与铁铝矿物形成以约0.317 nm As-Al和0.328 nm As-Fe原子间距为特征的双齿双核结构的内层复合物,复合物结构类型不受砷浓度和草酸根、胡敏酸的影响。 相似文献
5.
为探明不同热处理条件下毛竹的结构变化特性,提高毛竹热处理加工及竹基复合材料的开发利用技术,以四年生毛竹为研究对象,分别研究其在不同的热处理温度和酸碱、甘油处理介质下的结构变化规律。研究主要应用X射线衍射法(X-ray diffraction,XRD)测定和计算处理前后毛竹结晶区长度、晶面间距、衍射峰晶面峰强位置、结晶度指数及结晶区宽度等参数,并用扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscopy,SEM)进行结晶区变化的结果验证,利用热重分析(thermo gravimetric Analysis,TGA)完成处理前后毛竹热降解性研究。结果表明:经过化学热处理后,002峰位向大角度方向偏移明显,结晶区晶粒尺寸减小,结晶区半峰宽变小,结晶区层间距尺度变小,各参数集中变化程度,碱处理强于酸处理。此外,经过不同介质和不同加热温度进行化学热处理后,其峰形变高且尖锐,结晶强度明显增加。相对结晶度在117℃时,出现下降趋势,当温度升至135℃时,逐步恢复增加趋势。SEM和TGA进一步验证了处理后纤维结构变细及化学成分热解温度的倾向性差异,综合研究结果显示处理后纤维素含量增大,木质素去除效果明显,几种不同处理过程的化学成分差异变化较大。研究结果为竹材的再生加工及竹基复合材料的开发利用提供理论参考依据。 相似文献
6.
射频加热杀灭浓缩苹果汁中鲁氏接合酵母的工艺优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究射频对苹果汁中鲁氏接合酵母杀灭作用,该文以鲁氏接合酵母为试验菌株,通过单因素试验分析了射频加热时间、极板间距、果汁体积、果汁可溶性固形物对杀菌效果及果汁升温速度的影响。在固定果汁可溶性固形物为70%的条件下,通过响应面试验,建立了鲁氏接合酵母菌落总数降低对数值的二次多项数学模型,确定了在极板间距为110 mm、果汁体积40 m L、果汁可溶性固形物70%的条件下射频加热处理70 s,可以使果汁中鲁氏接合酵母菌落总数下降6个对数值以上。研究比较了相同样品经射频和传统水浴杀菌达到相同杀菌效果时,处理前后果汁理化指标及风味变化程度,结果表明,射频(70 s)比水浴(330 s)能更快达到杀菌目的,同时对果汁品质以及风味的影响(P0.01)小于水浴处理。研究结果为射频杀菌方面的深入研究及实际应用提供了参考。 相似文献
7.
为提高淀粉-脂质复合物制备效率，拓宽其在低血糖指数食品中的应用，以高直链玉米淀粉和胡麻油为原料，双螺杆挤压为核心制备技术，复合指数为评价指标，采用单因素和正交优化试验获取最佳制备工艺条件，并对复合物结构及特性进行测定分析。结果表明，优化工艺参数为胡麻油与淀粉质量比0.24、喂料水分40%、机筒温度125 °C、螺杆转速150 r/min，在此条件下复合物的复合指数为85.63%。通过傅里叶红外光谱及形态学观察，表明胡麻油与淀粉分子发生结合，说明双螺杆挤压制备淀粉脂是可行的；挤压淀粉-脂质复合物表现较强的热稳定性、抗消化特性和较低的黏弹性。根据以上结果可知挤压处理促进淀粉与脂质分子的有效复合，进而改变淀粉分子的结构及理化特性, 研究结果可为淀粉-脂质复合物在低血糖指数食品中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
8.
《土壤通报》2017,(6):1415-1422
微生物驱动下的木质素降解与腐殖质形成关系密切,然而在真实土壤环境中腐殖化进程无法摆脱矿物的参与,为探索矿物对于木质素参与腐殖化进程的影响机制,文章采用液体摇瓶培养法,通过向添加高岭石、蒙脱石、针铁矿、δ-MnO_2或三羟铝石的木质素培养液中接种复合菌剂,试图在110 d培养期间动态考察其细胞代谢产物的总有机碳(TOC)含量、光密度值(E4/E6)以及矿物-菌体残留物的回收率,进而明确5种土壤常见矿物对于微生物利用木质素所得产物的特性影响。结果表明:(1)培养10 d后,针铁矿、δ-MnO_2和三羟铝石对于矿物-菌体残留物回收率的促进作用要大于高岭石和蒙脱石,110 d培养结束后,针铁矿对于矿物-菌体残留物回收率的提升效果最大,而蒙脱石影响下的回收率最小。与未添加矿物的条件(CK1)相比,δ-MnO_2、三羟铝石、高岭石和蒙脱石的参与均有利于持续稳定培养期间沉淀物质的回收率;(2)在整个培养期间,高岭石参与下细胞代谢产物的TOC含量均为最大,而δ-MnO_2参与下的TOC含量皆为最小;(3)在5种矿物的添加条件下,微生物利用木质素所形成的细胞代谢产物,其有机碳分子结构先有所复杂而后再趋于简单,尽管如此,在培养结束后,其分子复杂程度均高于CK1处理,与各自培养10 d的结果相比,高岭石、蒙脱石和三羟铝石均有利于细胞代谢产物中有机碳分子结构的复杂化,而针铁矿和δ-MnO_2却使其结构更加简单。 相似文献
9.
多酚与蛋白质的相互作用取决于蛋白质和多酚的结构与类型,为研究不同植物多酚与牛血清白蛋白（bovine serum albumin,BSA）之间的相互作用,探明不同植物多酚对BSA结构的影响,进而筛选出稳定的植物多酚-BSA复合物。该研究采用原花青素（proanthocyanidins,PC）、儿茶素（catechin,C）、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)、茶多酚（tea polyphenol,TP）,通过紫外光谱法、荧光光谱法、红外光谱法和分子对接研究植物多酚与BSA相互作用及其对蛋白质结构的影响。结果表明：4种植物多酚-BSA复合物的紫外最大波长红移由大到小为EGCG（365 nm）＞PC（364 nm）、C（364 nm）＞TP（363 nm）;红外光谱发现,酰胺Ⅰ带的吸收峰（1 657.44 cm-1）发生蓝移由大到小为PC（1 656.15 cm-1）＞TP（1 632.07 cm-1）＞EGCG（1 631.49 cm-1）＞C（1 631.44 cm-1）,烟酰胺II带峰形变宽;BSA二级结构由β-转角、无规卷曲转变为β-折叠、ɑ-螺旋,β-折叠含量增加C-BSA（40.20%）>PC-BSA（39.50%）>EGCG-BSA（39.32%）>TP-BSA（34.04%）,表明C更能促进BSA的二级结构稳定;荧光光谱表明4种多酚对BSA的猝灭类型均为静态猝灭,且结合位点约为1,表明存在一个结合位点;分子对接结果表明该结合位点位于Sub-domain IIA的疏水腔中,分子间相互作用力主要是氢键、疏水作用力,结合能由小到大为C（-3.72 kJ/mol）＜EGCG（-1.77 kJl/mol）＜PC（-1.02 kJ/mol）＜TP（-0.38 kJ/mol）;4种多酚中C和EGCG与BSA相互作用程度较大,C与BSA的结合能最小,形成的复合物最稳定。通过多酚与蛋白相互作用研究,更好地发挥多酚和蛋白两种组分的功能作用,可为开发功能性多酚-蛋白质复合物产品提供参考。 相似文献
10.
通过平衡吸附试验及矿物电动电位(Zeta电位)的变化分析,研究了磷(P)和柠檬酸(CA)共存对针铁矿和高岭石吸附铅的影响。结果表明:(1)针铁矿和高岭石对铅的吸附量随柠檬酸浓度的升高呈现"峰形"曲线变化,铅吸附量达到峰值的柠檬酸浓度均为0.5 mmol L~(-1),不同浓度磷存在下柠檬酸对矿物吸附Pb2+量有不同程度增加。(2)随着磷添加浓度的增加,两种矿物对铅吸附量均呈增加趋势,磷添加浓度分别为1 mmol L~(-1)和0.6 mmol L~(-1)时,针铁矿和高岭石吸附铅量达到平衡;当处理中添加不同浓度柠檬酸,两种矿物均表现为对铅的吸附量增加,且随着柠檬酸浓度增加促进铅吸附的作用增强,说明在磷及试验浓度柠檬酸存在下促进了矿物对铅的吸附。(3)高岭石体系中,加入磷或(和)柠檬酸后,Zeta电位-pH曲线向负值方向位移,降低程度大小顺序为1.0 mmol L~(-1) P+0.5mmol L~(-1) CA0.5 mmol L~(-1) CA1.0 mmol L~(-1) P,说明高岭石表面增加的负电荷也部分增加了其对铅的电性吸附;添加磷和柠檬酸处理针铁矿的Zeta电位显著降低,且随着体系pH的升高其Zeta电位没有明显变化,表明磷和柠檬酸均主要是通过吸附到针铁矿表面而增加对铅的专性吸附。 相似文献
11.
Experiments were conducted to study the influences of synthetic bayerite, non-crystalline aluminum oxide (N-AlOH), goethite, non-crystalline iron oxide (N-FeOH) and kaolinite on the adsorption, activity, kinetics and thermal stability of invertase. Adsorption of invertase on iron, aluminum oxides fitted Langmuir equation. The amount of invertase held on the minerals followed the sequence kaolinite > goethite > N-AlOH > bayerite > N-FeOH. No correlation was found between enzyme adsorption and the specific surface area of minerals examined. The differences in the surface structure of minerals and the arrangement of enzymatic molecules on mineral surfaces led to the different capacities of minerals for enzyme adsorption. The adsorption of invertase on bayerite, N-AlOH, goethite, N-FeOH and kaolinite was differently affected by pH. The order for the activity of invertase adsorbed on minerals was N-FeOH > N-AlOH > bayerite > reak goethite > kaolinite. The inhibition effect of minerals on enzyme activity was kaolinite > crystalline oxides > non-crystalline oxides. The pH optimum of iron oxide- and aluminum oxide-invertase complexes was similar to that of free enzyme (pH 4.0), whereas the pH optimum of kaolinite-invertase complex was one pH unit higher than that of free enzyme. The affinity to substrate and the maximum reaction velocity as well as the thermal stability of combined invertase were lower than those of the free enzyme. 相似文献
12.
Mohammad Golbashy Iraj Allahdadi Hossein Nazokdast Morteza Hosseini 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(1):84-95
The present study describes the preparation and characterization of montmorillonite-urea nanocomposites (Mt-Ur) using aqueous suspension technique at various stirring times and different ratio of montmorillonite to urea (Mt/Ur) via an impure and domestic montmorillonite (Mt), without the application of any chemical reagents and high-energy-demand process (environmentally friendly). The intercalation of urea into Mt interlayer was clearly demonstrated by a significant expansion of d001 spacing (interlayer space of Mt) from 1.23 to 1.71 nm which has not yet been reported by aqueous suspension technique. Analyses performed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) also confirmed the effectiveness of this simple process to intercalate the urea into clay lamella. The release pattern demonstrated that the nanocomposite had a slow-release behaviour for urea dissolution. The results also suggested that the Mt type applied in the current study, in a 1:20 Mt/Ur ratio and stirred for 1 h, possessed desirable ecological and economic efficiency in the production of slow-release urea fertilizer due to the application of the impure and domestic clay which is of very low-cost and eco-friendly. Nevertheless, urea was fully intercalated into the interlayer of clay by a simple technique and with a good slow-release behaviour. 相似文献
13.
Arctic permafrost soils contain large stocks of organic carbon (OC). Extensive cryogenic processes in these soils cause subduction of a significant part of OC-rich topsoil down into mineral soil through the process of cryoturbation. Currently, one-fourth of total permafrost OC is stored in subducted organic horizons. Predicted climate change is believed to reduce the amount of OC in permafrost soils as rising temperatures will increase decomposition of OC by soil microorganisms. To estimate the sensitivity of OC decomposition to soil temperature and oxygen levels we performed a 4-month incubation experiment in which we manipulated temperature (4–20 °C) and oxygen level of topsoil organic, subducted organic and mineral soil horizons. Carbon loss (CLOSS) was monitored and its potential biotic and abiotic drivers, including concentrations of available nutrients, microbial activity, biomass and stoichiometry, and extracellular oxidative and hydrolytic enzyme pools, were measured. We found that independently of the incubation temperature, CLOSS from subducted organic and mineral soil horizons was one to two orders of magnitude lower than in the organic topsoil horizon, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. This corresponds to the microbial biomass being lower by one to two orders of magnitude. We argue that enzymatic degradation of autochthonous subducted OC does not provide sufficient amounts of carbon and nutrients to sustain greater microbial biomass. The resident microbial biomass relies on allochthonous fluxes of nutrients, enzymes and carbon from the OC-rich topsoil. This results in a “negative priming effect”, which protects autochthonous subducted OC from decomposition at present. The vulnerability of subducted organic carbon in cryoturbated arctic soils under future climate conditions will largely depend on the amount of allochthonous carbon and nutrient fluxes from the topsoil. 相似文献
14.
不同土地利用方式对黑土有机无机复合体的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
采用超声波分散、颗粒大小分组法研究不同土地利用方式下黑土有机无机复合体组成及有机碳的分布特征。不同土地利用方式下黑土均以细砂级复合体为主,有机碳含量随粒径增加而减少,C/N比随粒径增加而增加。NP和NPM处理比NF处理土壤<20μm粒级复合体含量减少,>20μm复合体含量增加;草地与裸地相比<20μm粒级复合体含量减少,>20μm复合体含量增加。土地利用方式不同,土壤固碳的机制是不同的,草地生态系统的土壤固碳潜力高于农田土壤。施肥和有机质的输入使土壤各粒级复合体中的有机碳含量增加;使>20μm粒级复合体固持的SOC量比例增加,表明在土壤有机质含量增加的情况下,有机质有向大粒级复合体的积累增加。 相似文献
15.
Light penetration in soil and particulate minerals 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Knowledge of light penetration in soils is of particular interest for photolytic degradation of pesticides, for laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and remote sensing, and for understanding better the germination of seeds. To date little information has been available in the literature on this topic. In this paper light penetration in soils is determined successfully using diffuse reflectance and transmittance spectroscopy and the relatively simple Kubelka–Munk model. Using the latter model of light propagation in turbid media, the optical properties of kaolinite, montmorillonite, barium sulphate, goethite and 19 different soils were determined in the wavelength range 275–700 nm. In particular, the light absorption coefficient, k, and light scattering coefficient, s, were determined. The depth at which the light intensity at the surface is reduced by 99% (light penetration depth) and the depth of the sample contributing to the measured reflected radiation (information depth) could also be calculated from k and s. For kaolinite, the light penetration depth ranged between 10 and 200 µm for wavelengths between 275 and 700 nm, respectively; the information depth was between 5 and 80 µm. For soils, the penetration depth was in the range 17–110 µm at 275 nm and 120–300 µm at 700 nm, and the information depth was in the range 8–60 µm at 275 nm and 60–175 µm at 700 nm. Hence, the information depth is about half the penetration depth for media with reflectance smaller than 0.7 (e.g. soils). For dry soils, an empirical relationship was established between the light absorption coefficient and the amount of particle-size fractions. The effect of water content was also investigated: addition of water to kaolinite reduced its scattering coefficients, whereas the absorption coefficient was hardly affected. For the soils, addition of water had a more complex mode of action affecting both absorption and scattering coefficients. With the measured optical properties of dry minerals and soils it is possible to calculate light intensity profiles with depth and to quantify photochemical processes occurring in these media. 相似文献
16.
黏粒矿物影响着土壤理化性质，可指示成土因素特征和土壤发生发育过程/强度，也是中国土壤系统分类的基层单元土族矿物学类型划分的重要依据。本研究选择了广西不同纬度和成土母质的18个代表性水耕人为土的剖面，应用X射线衍射（XRD）方法分析了其典型水耕氧化还原层（Br层）的黏粒矿物组成及其空间分布特征，并确定了其中“黏质”剖面的土族控制层段矿物学类型。结果表明：（1）供试土壤的黏粒矿物主要包括高岭石、伊利石、三水铝石、1.42 nm过渡矿物、蒙脱石和蛭石等，依次分别出现在100%、88.9%、72.2%、61.1%、44.4%和38.9%的剖面中。（2）黏粒矿物组成在纬度空间分布上具有明显规律性特征。随着纬度降低，土壤黏粒中的高岭石增加，伊利石、蒙脱石、1.42nm过渡矿物逐渐减少；纬度＞23°N区域内，成土母质对黏粒矿物组成影响明显。（3）纬度23°N是黏粒矿物组成和土族矿物学类型分界线，＜23°N区域，黏粒矿物均以高岭石为主，是“黏质”剖面的土族控制层段的主要矿物学类型；＞23°N区域，黏粒矿物组成以高岭石、蒙脱石、伊利石或1.42 nm过渡矿物为主，因成土母质不同而异，“黏质”剖面的土族控制层段矿物学类型包括高岭石混合型、混合型和伊利石型。 相似文献
17.
The interaction between farrerol and calf thymus DNA in a pH 7.4 Tris-HCl buffer was investigated with the use of neutral red (NR) dye as a spectral probe by UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, as well as viscosity measurements and DNA melting techniques. It was found that farrerol molecules could intercalate into the base pairs of DNA as evidenced by decreases in iodide quenching effect and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) quenching effect, induced CD spectral changes, and significant increases in relative viscosity and denaturation temperature of DNA. Furthermore, the spectral data matrix of the competitive reaction between farrerol and NR with DNA was resolved with an alternative least-squares (ALS) algorithm, and the concentration profiles in the reaction and the corresponding pure spectra for three species (farrerol, NR, and DNA-NR complex) were obtained. This ALS analysis demonstrated the intercalation of farrerol to the DNA by substituting for NR in the DNA-NR complex. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters enthalpy change (ΔH°) and entropy change (ΔS°) were calculated to be -16.49 ± 0.51 kJ mol(-1) and 32.47 ± 1.02 J mol(-1) K(-1) via the van't Hoff equation, which suggested that the binding of farrerol to DNA was driven mainly by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. 相似文献
18.
Van Emmerik TJ Angove MJ Johnson BB Wells JD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7527-7533
Sorption of chlorpyrifos (CPF) from 2.85 microM (1 mg/L) aqueous solutions in 0.01 M NaCl to montmorillonite, kaolinite, and gibbsite was investigated at 25 degrees C. Uptake of CPF by kaolinite and gibbsite was generally <10%, with pH having at most a small effect. Sorption to montmorillonite was significantly greater, with approximately 50% of the initial CPF being removed from solution below pH 5. Above pH 5 the sorption decreased to about 30%. About 70% of CPF was sorbed to kaolinite and gibbsite after 30 min, whereas on montmorillonite only 50% sorbed in an initial rapid uptake (approximately 30 min) followed by slower sorption, with a maximum achieved by 24 h. Although CPF desorbed completely from kaolinite in methanol, only about two-thirds was desorbed from montmorillonite. CPF has only a weak affinity for the surfaces of kaolinite and gibbsite. In the case of montmorillonite, sorption is significantly stronger and may involve a combination of sorption to external surfaces and diffusion into microporous regions. At pH >6 increased negative surface charge results in a lower affinity of CPF for the external surface. In the presence of 50 mg/L humic acid (HA) the amount of CPF sorbed on gibbsite and kaolinite was 3-4 times greater than that in the binary systems. The HA forms an organic coating on the mineral surface, providing a more hydrophobic environment, leading to enhanced CPF uptake. The HA coating on montmorillonite may reduce access of CPF to microporous regions, with CPF tending to accumulate within the HA coating. 相似文献
19.
Werner Pflug 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1982,145(5):493-502
Kinetic analyses of the influence of montmorillonite, palygorskite and kaolinite on the activity of three polysaccharide cleaving soil enzymes revealed an inhibitory effect that is rather due to the structure than to chemical characteristics of the clays. The fibrous palygorskite was found to be highly effective towards the starch cleaving α-amylase and amyloglucosidase, whereas the layer silicates caused only a slight inhibition. Interactions with cellulase were affected by sorption of cellulose by montmorillonite and kaolinite. When the enzyme was allowed to be sorbed by the clays before cellulose was added, a clay-enzyme complex is formed, which in contrast to the starch cleaving enzymes remains active. Compared to the native enzyme, the bound enzyme is not stabilized with respect to temperature, but the optimum pH is found to be at pH 6 instead of pH 4.8. 相似文献