共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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日本于2005年实施的《外来入侵物种法案》将外来物种分为入侵物种（IAS）、未归类物种（UAS）和其他物种三大类进行有针对性的管理，对它们的饲养、种植、储存、运输、养殖、进口或其他处理方式进行管制，建立了可操作性很强的一套实施流程。 相似文献
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外来生物入侵是当前国际社会共同面临的严峻挑战。全球经济一体化进程加速、气候变化与农业结构调整、交通设施网络贯通、人员流动和农产品贸易加速,不可避免地加剧农业外来有害生物的跨境、跨区域扩散成灾。我国是世界上遭受生物入侵威胁和危害最为严重的国家之一,潜在入侵物种频频犯关,新发、突发入侵物种快速扩散蔓延和暴发成灾,已严重威胁我国粮食安全、生态安全、农产品贸易安全和人畜健康。加强外来物种入侵的早期预警与实时控制,将有利于提升外来入侵物种的国家管控能力。 党中央高度重视外来物种管理。十九届五中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标的建议》亦强调“加强外来物种管控”。外来物种管控成为《中华人民共和国生物安全法》依法处置的重要内容。为加强重大外来入侵物种防控,推进“一种一策”精准治理,农业农村部等四部门联合发布了《外来入侵物种管理办法》,进一步加强对入侵物种的早期预警与风险评估、监测与检测、阻截与灭除、联防联控等全程管理。国家重点研发计划项目“重大外来入侵物种前瞻性风险预警和实时控制关键技术研究”(编号：2021YFC2600400)项目组和“重大农业入侵生物扩张蔓延机制与高效防控技术研究”（编号：2021YFD1400200）项目组联合植物保护杂志策划推出的“外来入侵物种管理”专栏,旨在通过报道外来入侵物种管理的相关进展,促进入侵物种防控研究,加强全社会对外来入侵物种的防范意识。专栏得到了刘凤权研究员、石娟教授、许益镌教授、吴品珊研究员、何玉仙研究员、杨秀玲研究员等专家学者的大力支持。专栏涵盖了农林入侵生物的发生危害特性、早期预警与风险评估、快速检测与智能监测技术、绿色防治技术等方面。 希望通过本专栏的推出,引起国内学者对入侵物种前瞻性防控研究工作的进一步重视,加大科研工作者对入侵物种风险预判预警和实时性高效控制研究的进一步聚焦,携手推动入侵生物学的发展,为提升入侵生物防控的主动应对能力、保障国家粮食安全与生物安全提供科技支撑。 相似文献
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外来入侵物种对全球生态和环境已构成重大威胁，中国已成为外来物种入侵最严重的国家之一。目前，我国外来入侵物种管理主要采取被动性防控措施，即在发现外来物种后采取监测和处理措施。外来物种主动性防控是在入侵风险预判预警的基础上，采取预先检疫、处理、消杀、拦截和灭除措施，防范外来物种入侵范围及危害进一步扩大。主动性防控借助了早期精准检测、超痕量检测以及环境DNA检测等高精度检测技术，以提高入侵物种检测和监测的精准度和效率。未来主动性防控应该成为外来入侵物种防治的重要策略之一，并且需要通过信息技术、数学模型和决策系统等前沿技术来提高其精准度和效率。外来入侵物种的主动性防控策略能够实现生物入侵的全链条精准防控，有效降低外来入侵物种对我国的威胁，最大限度地减缓外来入侵物种的传播速度，减少其带来的负面影响。因此，在全球气候变化背景下探索我国生物入侵全程的主动性防控策略，将有助于健全我国外来生物入侵防控体系，保障我国农林业生态安全和粮食安全，实现国家生物安全战略的健康快速发展。 相似文献
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潜在和新发外来入侵物种数据可视化展示是外来入侵物种管理的重要载体。潜在和新发外来入侵物种数据具有混合型(包括结构化和非结构化)和离散性(数据分布在不同的系统或平台)特点。本文在分析这些数据的基础上,以预警监测模型分析与三维可视化集成、多源异构数据融合为切入点,综合运用3D GIS、物联网、大数据等技术手段,研发潜在和新发外来入侵物种可视化系统的关键技术;以潜在外来入侵物种地中海实蝇Ceratitis capitata和新发外来入侵物种番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta为例,构建多源异构数据融合的潜在和新发入侵物种预警监测三维可视化系统,形成了基于GIS技术的典型潜在和新发外来入侵物种可视化平台的解决方案。该系统可为我国潜在和新发外来入侵物种分级控制管理和区域性防控预案制定提供科学支撑。 相似文献
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为明确不同自然保护区外来入侵草本植物及其与本地植物多样性之间的关系,以我国生物多样性丰富的云南省为研究对象,于2014年对云南省6个国家级自然保护区的82个1 m2小样方(78个100 m2大样方)中外来入侵草本植物和本地植物物种丰富度和密度进行调查,并分析外来入侵草本植物物种丰富度与本地草本植物物种丰富度、外来入侵草本植物密度与本地草本植物密度的关系及对不同自然保护区外来入侵草本植物物种丰富度的差异进行分析。结果显示,共调查发现22种外来入侵草本植物,其中纳板河流域国家级自然保护区种类最多,达14种,金平分水岭国家级自然保护区仅有2种;6个国家级自然保护区本地草本植物的物种丰富度与外来入侵草本植物的物种丰富度之间、本地草本植物密度与外来入侵草本植物密度之间均呈现正、负2种相关关系,其中哀牢山国家级自然保护区本地草本植物的物种丰富度与外来入侵草本植物物种丰富度呈显著负相关,其它5个国家级自然保护区的相关性均不显著。简单回归分析表明自然保护区外来入侵草本植物物种丰富度与本地草本植物物种丰富度、本地草本植物盖度、本地乔灌木物种丰富度呈显著负相关,多元回归分析结果表明乔灌木物种丰富度和经纬度是造成不同自然保护区外来入侵草本植物物种多样性差异的主要原因。 相似文献
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为支撑西藏外来植物入侵风险分析、监测和防治工作,通过CABI Invasive Species Compen‐dium（CABI-ISC）数据库、中国知网、《中国外来植物数据集》和《中国外来入侵生物》4个数据源获取西藏外来入侵植物的基础数据,对其进行多源数据融合,并对融合后数据进行分析。研究表明,多源数据融合后西藏外来入侵植物有313种,有多个物种被不同数据源同时关注;在4个数据源中,大部分物种数据均为各数据源独有物种,少量为共有物种,未发现在所有数据源中都存在的物种。通过对西藏外来入侵植物分布数据的多源融合,有利于集中数据的优势,扩大数据的使用范围,提高外来入侵物种风险分析的精度,为政策制订提供基础信息。 相似文献
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A prioritization process for invasive alien plant species incorporating the requirements of EU Regulation no. 1143/2014 
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下载免费PDF全文 E. Branquart G. Brundu S. Buholzer D. Chapman P. Ehret G. Fried U. Starfinger J. van Valkenburg R. Tanner 《EPPO Bulletin》2016,46(3):603-617
When faced with a large species pool of invasive or potentially invasive alien plants, prioritization is an essential prerequisite for focusing limited resources on species which inflict high impacts, have a high rate of spread and can be cost‐effectively managed. The prioritization process as detailed within this paper is the first tool to assess species for priority for risk assessment (RA) in the European Union (EU) specifically designed to incorporate the requirements of EU Regulation no. 1143/2014. The prioritization process can be used for any plant species alien to the EU, whether currently present within the territory or absent. The purpose of the prioritization is to act as a preliminarily evaluation to determine which species have the highest priority for RA at the EU level and may eventually be proposed for inclusion in the list of invasive alien species of EU concern. The preliminary risk assessment stage (Stage 1), prioritizes species into one of four lists (EU List of Invasive Alien Plants, EU Observation List of Invasive Alien Plants, EU List of Minor Concern and the Residual List) based on their potential for spread coupled with impacts. The impacts on native species and ecosystem functions and related ecosystem services are emphasized in line with Article 4.3(c) of the Regulation. Only those species included in the EU List of Invasive Alien Plants proceed to Stage 2 where potential for further spread and establishment coupled with evaluating preventative and management actions is evaluated. The output of Stage 2 is to prioritize those species which have the highest priority for a RA at the EU level or should be considered under national measures which may involve a trade ban, cessation of cultivation, monitoring, control, containment or eradication. When considering alien plant species for the whole of the EPPO region, or for species under the Plant Health Regulation, the original EPPO prioritization process for invasive alien plants remains the optimum tool. 相似文献
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This study presents a list of invasive alien plants that are found along roadsides in seven selected European countries – Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, Norway, Slovenia and Sweden – and an overview on the role of roadsides as a habitat for invasive alien plants. This compilation is based on national lists of invasive alien plants, a literature search and expert consultation. Comprising 89 species from 31 plant families, species introduced for horticulture dominate the list (65%). Thirteen species (14%) are widespread (occur in four or more countries) and include well‐known invasive plants such as Fallopia japonica, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Solidago canadensis and Solidago gigantea. Seventeen species are listed either on the EPPO List of Invasive Alien Plants or on the EPPO A2 List of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests. Five species are on the List of Invasive Alien Species of Union Concern (EU Regulation 1143/2014). The compiled list provides a snap‐shot of invasive alien plants currently found along roadsides in the selected countries. It allows for a more targeted approach to monitoring, containment and control of the most problematic invasive alien plants identified in each country. Moreover, the list may also be used to identify emerging (potentially) invasive alien plants along roadsides in other European countries that warrant monitoring and/or management. 相似文献
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M. Nang’alelwa 《EPPO Bulletin》2008,38(3):464-469
Invasive Alien Species (IAS) are a major threat to biodiversity and national economies worldwide. Public awareness and support is critical for the success of any interventions aimed at controlling and managing such invasions. Various communication tools have been identified for the implementation of public awareness programs. Assessment of public perceptions, attitudes and knowledge levels should be an integral part of any public awareness activities. This paper reports the communication actions undertaken in the Victoria Falls World Heritage Site by the Removing Barriers to Invasive Plant Management in Africa (RBIPMA) project during the year 2007. Several awareness meetings with various stakeholders were conducted during the year. A number of posters, leaflets, brochures and newsletters have been produced. Production of radio and television documentaries is currently ongoing. A pre‐knowledge survey was conducted to determine the baseline status as regards knowledge and awareness levels on IAS in the project area. A post‐knowledge survey will be conducted at a subsequent stage to assess the effectiveness of the project interventions on public awareness and knowledge levels. Recommendations for future action are also presented. 相似文献
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C. Shine 《EPPO Bulletin》2007,37(1):103-113
The paper outlines the multiple impacts of invasive alien species and explains the rationale for coordinated international action to minimize their environmental as well as economic effects. It describes the different components and current state of development of the international regulatory framework relevant to invasive alien species, with reference to plant pests and animal disease, biodiversity conservation and maritime and aviation transport. The paper summarises recent developments at the Euro‐Mediterranean level with particular attention to the European Strategy on Invasive Alien Species adopted under the Bern Convention. It concludes by identifying some gaps and inconsistencies at global, regional and national levels, together with indicators for possible ways forward. 相似文献
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V. H. Heywood 《EPPO Bulletin》2014,44(2):223-231
The use of voluntary Codes of conduct as a useful tool in our armoury for tackling the problems of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) is a recent development. Two Council of Europe‐sponsored Codes of conduct address different but overlapping constituencies – the horticultural trade and botanic gardens respectively, both of them important as actual or potential primary invasion pathways for plants and both with a large public involvement. Although aimed primarily at professionals rather than the public, the Codes recognize the need to engage with the public on the issues of IAS. The nature of voluntary Codes of conduct is discussed along with their advantages and disadvantages. They are of little value, however, without an effective ongoing implementation strategy to reduce the likelihood of the introduction of further IAS through these pathways. Botanic gardens across the world receive between them tens of millions of visitors who can potentially be informed about the threats posed by IAS. In the horticultural trade, the relationship with the public is essentially commercial. The plants are on sale in non‐landscaped displays, limiting the possibility of using innovative ways of conveying environmental messages. However, appropriate labelling can allow messages to be transmitted. Little is known of the effectiveness of such approaches and critical assessments are needed. 相似文献
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Top 20 environmental weeds for classical biological control in Europe: a review of opportunities, regulations and other barriers to adoption 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Classical biological control remains the only tool available for permanent ecological and economic management of invasive alien species that flourish through absence of their co‐evolved natural enemies. As such, this approach is recognized as a key tool for alien species management by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) and the European Strategy on Invasive Alien Species (ESIAS). Successful classical biological control programmes abound around the world, despite disproportionate attention being given to occasional and predictable non‐target impacts. Despite more than 130 case histories in Europe against insect pests, no exotic classical biological control agent has been released in the EU against an alien invasive weed. This dearth has occurred in the face of increasing numbers of exotic invasive plants being imported and taking over National Parks, forests and amenity areas in this region, as well as a global increase in the use of classical biological control around the world. This paper reviews potential European weed targets for classical biological control from ecological and socioeconomic perspectives using the criteria of historical biological control success, taxonomic isolation from European native flora, likely availability of biological control agents, invasiveness outside Europe and value to primary industry and horticulture (potential for conflicts of interest). We also review why classical biological control of European exotic plants remains untested, considering problems of funding and public perception. Finally, we consider the regulatory framework that surrounds such biological control activities within constituent countries of the EU to suggest how this approach may be adopted in the future for managing invasive exotic weeds in Europe. 相似文献
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Farmers have been fighting weeds and pests since the beginnings of agriculture, but the impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) on native species, habitats and ecosystem services have only been brought to the world's attention relatively recently. Invasive plants, also known as environmental weeds, constitute an insidious 'biological pollution'. Unlike many other types of pollution, they are not diluted in time but, on the contrary, can expand in numbers, density and geographical extent – often exponentially. This paper illustrates an increasing ability to fight back, using a number of case studies of good management practice, including prevention, ecosystem approaches, adaptive management and stakeholder involvement. It identifies some of the challenges inherent in managing IAS in complex situations and identifies areas where weed scientists and other researchers can increase their contributions. Crucially, communities, conservation groups, NGOs and agencies undertaking prevention and management activities need ready access to science-based biological and ecological information about target species, prevention strategies and management techniques, as well as case studies from other regions facing similar problems. Information exchange is a key component of effective responses to biological invasions. A number of global-scale information exchange mechanisms are described. 相似文献
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S. Brunel E. Branquart G. Fried J. Van Valkenburg G. Brundu U. Starfinger S. Buholzer A. Uludag M. Joseffson R. Baker 《EPPO Bulletin》2010,40(3):407-422
Although invasive alien plants are gaining increased attention within EPPO countries, there is no existing widely agreed method to identify those alien plants that are considered invasive and represent the highest priority for pest risk analysis. In the framework of the ad hoc Panel on Invasive Alien Species, EPPO proposes a prioritization process for invasive alien plants designed (i) to produce a list of invasive alien plants that are established or could potentially establish in the EPPO region and (ii) to determine which of these have the highest priority for an EPPO pest risk analysis. The process consists of compiling available information on alien plants according to pre‐determined criteria, and can be run at the EPPO region level, or at a country or local area level. These criteria examine whether the species is alien in the area under study, and whether it is established or not. The criteria used primarily rely on observations in the EPPO region but, if the species is not established, the invasive behaviour of the species in other countries should be investigated, as well as the suitability of the ecoclimatic conditions in the area under consideration. The spread potential, the potential negative impacts on native species, habitats and ecosystems, as well as on agriculture, horticulture or forestry are considered. If the species qualifies as an invasive alien plant of major concern through this first set of questions, the process then investigates the efficiency of international measures (to be justified through a pest risk analysis) to prevent the entry and spread of the species. The second set of questions are designed to determine whether the species is internationally traded or enters new countries through international pathways for which the risk of introduction is superior to natural spread, and whether the species still has a significant suitable area for further spread. If used by several EPPO countries, this prioritization process represents an opportunity to provide consistent country lists of invasive alien plant species, as well as a tool for dialogue and exchange of information. 相似文献