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1.
为了解南宁市野生种子植物区系特征,给该区域生物多样性的保护与合理开发利用提供科学基础,笔者调查和分析其植物资源,采用文献收集、线路调查和样方调查的统计方法编制出南宁市野生种子植物名录,运用聚类分析法和主成分分析法判断其与15个临近地区的亲缘关系,分析其区系特征。结果表明：南宁市野生种子植物共197科1114属3576种,裸子植物8科14属24种,被子植物189科1100属3552种,占广西种子植物科数、属数、种数比值分别为77.87%、60.02%、42.90%,说明南宁市野生种子植物丰富多样。大科占比为27.41%,所含种数占78.44%,为区系中的主要成分。单种属和寡种属占总属数的85.28%,但中等属和多种属所含种数占总种数51.65%,表明科属种类丰富但分化程度较低。该区系有14个属级分布区类型,地理成分丰富复杂,其中热带成分占总属数69.55%,温带成分占22.16%,呈现明显热带属性,兼具部分温带属性。区域内珍稀濒危植物223种,种类丰富,其中兰科（Orchidaceae）、金花茶（Camellia petelotii）等特有植物种类多,广西植物区域特征明显,保护价值高。该... 相似文献
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福建兰科植物地理成分与区系特点 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
福建兰科植物共有61属134种(包括中国特有种29种),其中地生兰37属79种,附生兰22属50种,腐生兰4属5种,兰属和羊耳蒜属存在有地生和附生2种生活型。区系地理分析表明,本区61属兰科植物可分为11个分布区型和4个变型,其中热带亚洲(印度-马来西亚)分布型及其变型属最多,共22属,占总属数的36.0%;本区134种兰科植物则可分为11个分布区型和3个变型,其中热带亚洲(印度-马来西亚)分布型最多,共有30种,占总种数的22.4%;其次为中国特有分布型,共有27种,占总种数的20.1%。虽然属、种的区系地理成分复杂多样,但区系整体与热带亚洲区系关系密切,热带成分占绝对优势,并受到北温带植物区系影响,而与温带亚洲、地中海、西亚和中亚植物区系几乎没有联系;区系发生年代较为年轻,区系过渡带特征明显;区域分布不均,单种属、寡种属占优势,种内变异大。 相似文献
3.
海南海岸禾草植物区系有野生植物140种(含变种、亚种)、82属。本区系热带性质明显,热带分布属占总属数(除去世界属和外来属)的94.6%,以泛热带分布、古热带分布、热带亚洲至热带非洲分布为主,分别占总属数的47.30%、16.22%、13.51%;热带分布种占总种数(除去广布种和外来种)的78.9%,又以热带亚洲分布、古热带分布、热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布及泛热带分布为主,分别占总种数的35.16%、14.84%、12.50%、11.72%;该区系拥有较多的海岸植物群落优势种;探讨了本区系与周边地区、各大洲热带地区植物区系的联系;简要评价本区禾草植物资源。 相似文献
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海南本地野生维管植物区系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为全面了解海南本地野生维管植物区系基本特征,以《海南植物物种多样性编目》、《海南植物图志》等文献为基础,并通过野外考查、标本考证,从野生维管植物区系组成、成分等方面开展海南本地野生维管植物区系研究。结果表明:(1)海南维管植物共243科1 895属6 036种,其中本地野生维管植物有4 579种,隶属于225科1 429属,具有较高的物种多样性,但特有种占总种数的10.55%,仅483种;(2)在海南本地野生维管植物种类组成中,重要科有樟科(Lauraceae)、楝科(Meliaceae)、壳斗科(Fagaceae)、棕榈科(Palmae)、龙脑香科(Dipterocarpaceae)、五加科(Araliaceae)、漆树科(Anacardiaceae)等;(3)海南本地野生维管植物区系主要由以热带分布为主的科(占科数82.63%)和属(占属数84.40%)组成,其中,科以泛热带分布及其变型为主(57.49%),属以热带亚洲分布及其变型为主(27.09%),属马来西亚亚区的一部分,不仅呈现出热带性,而且呈现出与中国华南大陆的共源性,带有明显的热带边缘性质,为中国华南植物区系与亚洲热带雨林的过渡类型。 相似文献
5.
本研究采取样线法和样方法调查相结合的技术路线,对连江5个无居民海岛的植物资源现状进行详细踏勘,根据所获得的实地调研数据以及对文献资料的查阅,运用植物区系地理学,对研究地的种子植物区系物种组成、科-属的分布区类型、分布生境类型等进行统计整理,与不同地区无居民海岛种子植物属的相似性系数和属的地理成分进行对比,并探讨5个无居民海岛之间维管束植物物种相似度以及与岛屿空间特征参数的关系。结果表明：（1）连江5个无居民海岛共有野生种子植物190种,隶属于64科165属;该种子植物区系的数量优势科为菊科、禾本科,大科、较大科、属种优势明显,寡种科、仅含1种的科数量多。生活型以草本（55.94%）和灌木（23.27%）居多,乔木和藤本数量不占优势,分别仅占13.86%和6.93%。（2）区系组成繁杂多样,在科、属水平上均以热带分布类型为首要,分别为90.24%、68.03%,其中泛热带分布分别占科、属的75.62%、36.05%,科级的温带类型只有9.76%,属级占31.97%,热带类型科-属与温带类型科-属的R/T值分别为9.25和2.13,表明连江5个无居民海岛种子植物区系主体为热带、亚热带成分,... 相似文献
6.
农村地区植被不同程度上都受人类生产活动影响。为了揭示琼东北农村地区森林植物区系特征,在搜集文献资料和样方调查基础上,对文昌、琼海的23个村庄周边森林植物资源进行分析。结果表明,琼东北农村地区森林植被主要有维管植物967种,其中蕨类植物39种,裸子植物4种,被子植物924种。科的分布区类型中单种科与寡种科占多数,特别是单种科比例较高,与尖峰岭的较为接近,比五指山高8个百分点,地理成分以热带—亚热带分布型为主。属的分布区类型中小属和单种属占绝大多数,占海南1 210属的45.62%,地理成分以泛热带植物分布为主。 相似文献
7.
为提供校园植物学教学和绿化的理论依据,丰富城市绿地规划研究内容,对华侨大学种子植物进行了持续调查,并统计分析了种子植物的特点,结果表明：（1）华侨大学种子植物共有568种,来源于118科和375属。其中,裸子植物9科,15属,21种,被子植物109科,360属,547种。原生植物有398种,外来植物有170种。种子植物以原生种类为主,外来植物为辅,不仅具有观赏特点,同时还具有药用价值,乔木和草本植物占优势。（2）优势科、属不明显,单种科和少种科有101科,占总科数的85.60%;少种属和单种属有366属,共占总属数的97.50%,单种科（属）和少种科（属）占重要地位。（3）种子植物地理成分多样,以热带分布为主,热带成分的科共计66科,占校园总科数的77.65%;热带成分的属共计266属,占校园总属数的76.66%。原生植物在科和属的分布类型上较外来植物更丰富,但外来植物在华侨大学分布较广,在绿化建设中仍占有重要地位。 相似文献
8.
广东山区野生芳香植物资源丰富,初步统计共有111科311属763种(含变种),包含乔木、灌木、草本和藤本4种生活型。区系成分分析显示：该地区芳香植物科的气候带分布类型以热带至亚热带分布(主产热带)和热带至温带分布(主产热带亚热带)成分为主,分别有29科(占26.1%)和38科(占34.2%),主要集中于木兰科、樟科和芸香科等10个科;属的地理分布区类型多样,以热带成分为主(187属,占60.1%),同时兼有大量的温带成分(99属,占31.8%)。研究发现,本区具有较高观赏价值和园林开发前景的特色芳香植物有 相似文献
9.
经分析表明,福建省共有豆科药用植物56属、104种,分别占福建省豆科植物总属数的70.89%、总种数的49.06%,其中这些种的生活型以草本类为主;药用部位以全草(株)类入药的最多,其次是根,种子位居第三;药用功能主要有解表药、清热药、补益药、化痰止咳药和涌吐药等.属、种的地理成分分析表明,属、种的地理成分都以热带成分为主. 相似文献
10.
通过对三明市的植物物种多样性调查结果表明:三明市有野生维管植物182科748属1652种(包括亚种、变种与变型)。区系分析表明三明市维管植物区系成分复杂,属的分布类型有14个,其中热带属463个,温带属285个,植物区系偏热带特性,具热带向温带过渡的特点。在此基础上,筛选出优良乡土园林植物资源449种,包括观赏蕨类43种、乔木类124种、灌木类96种、草本类130种、藤本类47种、竹子8种及棕榈科1种,分析了其园林应用潜力。 相似文献
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12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献