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本氏烟NbWRKY40亚家族转录因子抗病相关功能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植物WRKY类转录因子的IIa亚类广泛参与调控植物的生物胁迫和非生物胁迫过程。本研究根据拟南芥和普通烟中具有抗病和抗胁迫功能的IIa亚类WRKY40转录因子的序列,利用基因同源克隆法,获得本氏烟中NbWRKY40基因。序列分析表明在本氏烟中有5个属于IIa亚类的基因,其序列之间具有高度相似性。qRT-PCR检测发现NbWRKY40基因是受寄生疫霉侵染诱导上调表达的基因,通过VIGS技术研究该类基因在本氏烟中的抗病相关功能,用半活体营养型寄生疫霉进行抗病性试验,结果表明NbWRKY40基因的沉默降低了本氏烟对寄生疫霉的抗性,且在侵染点的细胞坏死程度增强,过氧化氢积累和胼胝质沉积都明显减少。NbWRKY40基因沉默同样降低了本氏烟对死体营养型灰霉菌的抗性。检测NbWRKY40基因沉默后4个不同抗病信号通路下游基因的表达,发现基因沉默导致参与抗病和SA途径的PR1b、PR2b基因受疫霉侵染诱导表达的水平明显下降。综上,推测NbWRKY40基因可能依靠SA介导的信号通路参与调控本氏烟抗病性。 相似文献
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拮抗真菌HTC的鉴定及其对辣椒疫病的生物防治潜力 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为明确拮抗真菌HTC对辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici的拮抗机制,采用平板对峙、形态学鉴定和18S rDNA序列比对分析等方法对菌株HTC进行了鉴定,并研究其发酵液与抗生物质粗提液对辣椒疫霉不同发育阶段的影响。经鉴定,菌株HTC为金色毛壳菌Chaetomium aureum。在平皿对峙试验中,菌株HTC的红色分泌物能抑制辣椒疫霉菌丝的生长,抑制率为59.1%,后期HTC菌丝可缠绕并降解辣椒疫霉菌丝。发酵液与抗生物质粗提液对辣椒疫霉不同发育阶段均有抑制作用,发酵液对辣椒疫霉菌丝生长的抑制率高达97.58%,对辣椒疫病的防治效果均高于70%。浇灌发酵液后,可提高辣椒苗的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶的活性,并明显促进辣椒苗生长,鲜重和干重增加32.27%和18.09%。研究表明,金色毛壳菌菌株HTC是一株具有开发潜力的生防菌株。 相似文献
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CRN(Crinkler)是一类疫霉菌胞内效应因子,绝大多数CRN的功能和作用机制尚不明确。本研究利用农杆菌介导的瞬时表达技术,发现大豆疫霉效应因子PsC RN77可以在本氏烟中抑制激发子诱导的细胞死亡。接种分析表明在本氏烟中表达该效应因子基因可以促进寄生疫霉的侵染。定量RT-PCR结果显示在本氏烟中表达PsCRN77可以负调控水杨酸信号途径标记基因PRb-1b的表达,正调控茉莉酸信号途径标记基因LOX的表达。进一步通过DAB染色表明,与表达GFP对照相比,表达PsCRN77可以降低疫霉菌侵染后本氏烟中的活性氧积累。以上结果表明PsCRN77是一个毒性效应因子,可以通过影响激素抗性信号途径和活性氧积累干扰植物的防卫反应,促进病原菌的侵染。该研究为认识疫霉菌的致病机制提供了线索。 相似文献
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《植物病理学报》2016,(2)
疫霉菌分泌的RxLR效应子能干扰寄主植物细胞的正常生理代谢和功能。我们通过同源序列搜索在辣椒疫霉菌中鉴定到9个PiAvr3a的同源基因(PiAvr3a-like),同时发现PiAvr3a-like在大豆疫霉菌中也有分布,表明该类基因可能在疫霉菌致病过程中发挥重要作用。从辣椒疫霉菌中成功克隆了5个PiAvr3a-like基因,表达模式分析发现PcAvh128/132/134这3个基因在疫霉菌侵染早期诱导表达,暗示它们可能在侵染前期发挥功能。接种实验表明在本氏烟中瞬时表达其中的PcAvh128可以显著促进辣椒疫霉菌的侵染,而PcAvh132活性相反,其他3个基因没有明显活性。这5个基因均不能抑制INF1和效应因子诱导的细胞死亡,也不能诱导可见的过敏反应。上述结果表明PiAvr3a-like基因不同成员之间功能存在分化,这为疫霉菌和寄主的分子互作研究提供了材料和参考。 相似文献
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Myb转录因子广泛参与调控植物生长发育以及应对环境胁迫,但有关其对晚疫病抗性调控机制的研究较少。本研究从本氏烟草中克隆获得一个含Myb-like结构域的蛋白编码基因,命名为NbMybl。该基因开放阅读框全长为753 bp,编码250 aa。实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)结果显示NbMybl受致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)侵染诱导表达。亚细胞定位表明NbMybl定位在植物细胞核和细胞质中。利用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术,发现沉默NbMybl能够明显降低本氏烟草对致病疫霉的抗性。分析比较NbMybl沉默和非沉默对照烟草株系应对P.infestans侵染的转录组数据,发现差异表达基因(Differentially expressed genes, DEGs)8486个,其中上调基因4202个,下调基因4284个。使用KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)数据库进行基因富集分析,发现鉴定得到的DEGs中共有373个参与植物-病原菌互作,308个参与植物激素信号转导,216个参与植物MAPK信号途径。推测这些DEGs可能与... 相似文献
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CRN (crinkling and necrosis-inducing protein)蛋白是一类卵菌特有的效应分子,然而目前对其功能和分子机制知之甚少。为分析CRN效应分子在辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)与植物互作中的作用,本研究利用前期转录组测序结果,对辣椒疫霉基因组数据库进行序列比对分析,获得了7个CRN编码基因的全长序列;采用RT-PCR方法分析其在辣椒疫霉生长发育阶段(菌丝、游动孢子囊、游动孢子、萌发的休止孢)和侵染寄主阶段(本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana)灌根1.5、3、6、12、24、36和72 h后)的转录水平,发现3个基因在辣椒疫霉生长发育阶段和侵染阶段上调表达;将这3个基因克隆测序,发现其编码蛋白均含有保守的LFLAK和HVLVVVP基序;在本氏烟上的基因瞬时表达结果表明,Pc559084和Pc570403能够抑制由致病疫霉elicitin蛋白INF1或老鼠促凋亡蛋白BAX诱发的植物程序性细胞死亡,并且Pc559084能够促进辣椒疫霉侵染植物。这些研究结果为理解CRN效应分子在辣椒疫霉致病过程中的作用提供了重要的实验数据。 相似文献
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本研究旨在建立一个适于分析大豆遭受大豆疫霉菌侵染后基因表达研究的互作体系。在比较了15个携带不同抗病基因的大豆基因型的组织培养情况和7个大豆疫霉菌分离物及其游动孢子单孢系的毒力变化的基础上,构建了大豆悬浮细胞和大豆疫霉菌游动孢子的共培养体系,进而分析了共培养过程中大豆细胞的活力和防御基因表达情况。结果表明,不同亲和力菌株的游动孢子引起的大豆细胞活力变化十分相似;非亲和菌株的游动孢子可诱导寄主防御基因的表达发生变化。此系统为深入开展大豆抗性机制研究提供了良好的平台。 相似文献
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稻瘟病菌在水稻CO39近等基因系上的生命表和繁殖表 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文选用以CO39为背景的水稻近等基因系与广东省稻瘟病菌3个优势生理小种(ZC13、ZB1和ZB5)构成12个亲和性和非亲和性互作组合,组建各组合稻瘟病菌的生命表和繁殖表,分析在亲和性互作中稻瘟病菌的生存和繁殖状况对寄主发病的影响,并探讨在非亲和性互作中抗性基因在抵御病菌侵染过程中的作用。结果表明,在亲和性和非亲和性互作中,稻瘟病菌生长繁殖各阶段均参与了感抗反应并发挥了一定的作用:在CO39近等基因系上,同一小种的孢子萌发率或菌丝形成率无明显差别,而小种间则表现一定差异;病菌的定殖和繁殖是亲和与非亲和互作的关键阶段,定殖率、病斑形成率低,则寄主表现抗病,反之则表现感病。在繁殖表众多表示种群增长的参数中,世代平均产孢量F'、净增殖率R0、最大相对增长率rmax和种群趋势指数Ⅰ等4个指标适合于反映稻瘟病菌繁殖状况与感抗病反应的关系。 相似文献
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四种化合物诱导马铃薯抗晚疫病的效果及其相关防御基因表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究水杨酸、壳聚糖、麦角甾醇和纤维二糖4种化合物诱导马铃薯抗晚疫病的效果及其作用机理,采用整株喷雾法、挑战接种法、菌丝生长速率法分析4种化合物对马铃薯晚疫病的预防作用及对其病原菌致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans的离体抑制效果,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定4种化合物诱导后马铃薯病程相关蛋白和防御酶基因的调控表达情况。结果显示,水杨酸、壳聚糖、纤维二糖和麦角甾醇分别处理马铃薯植株24 h后接种致病疫霉,在多个浓度下对晚疫病均有不同程度的诱导抗性,其中在1 000 μmol/L浓度（壳聚糖浓度为1 000 mg/L）时诱导抗性最好,较对照显著提高,诱抗效果分别为54.73%、61.99%、59.73%和48.59%。壳聚糖对马铃薯晚疫病的诱抗效果高于其它3种化合物,且只有壳聚糖能显著抑制致病疫霉的菌丝生长和孢子囊形成,说明壳聚糖除了能诱导作物产生抗病性外,还具有直接抑菌作用。4种化合物诱导后马铃薯病程相关蛋白基因PR1、过氧化物酶基因POD和多酚氧化酶基因PPO的表达量在施用早期均显著升高。表明这些化合物能诱导马铃薯对晚疫病产生抗性,可能与马铃薯体内过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶的活性和抗病信号传导途径关键基因PR1的表达有关。 相似文献
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为明确自主分离的生防菌株寡雄腐霉Pythium oligandrum GAQ1对辣椒疫病的生防效果及其防御机制,通过平板拮抗和盆栽防效试验测定寡雄腐霉菌株GAQ1对辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici菌丝的拮抗作用、对辣椒疫病的防效和对辣椒的促生效果,同时应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测菌株GAQ1处理后辣椒抗性基因表达的变化。结果表明,寡雄腐霉菌株GAQ1的菌丝可以缠绕并吸附寄生在辣椒疫霉菌丝表面或穿入菌丝体内,使辣椒疫霉菌丝细胞死亡;菌株GAQ1发酵液处理辣椒离体叶片再接种辣椒疫霉后产生的病斑直径较对照组显著减少,离体防效为30.79%;接种菌株GAQ1菌丝球后,辣椒疫病的病情指数较对照组显著降低,盆栽防效达69.16%;经菌株GAQ1处理辣椒后可诱导相关抗性基因PR1、WRKY40、WRKY53、ACCO和GST的相对表达量出现不同程度的升高,说明菌株GAQ1可诱导辣椒植株产生不同程度的防御系统应答。菌株GAQ1对辣椒具有良好的促生效果,处理后第5周其株高、株重及根重分别较对照组提高10.11%、33.23%和24.72%,其叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素的含量分... 相似文献
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Sharif M. Al-Reza Atiqur Rahman Sun Chul Kang 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2010,96(2):86-92
The efficacy of the essential oil and various organic extracts from flowers of Cestrum nocturnum L. was evaluated for controlling the growth of some important phytopathogenic fungi. The oil (1000 ppm) and the organic extracts (1500 μg/disc) revealed antifungal effects against Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the growth inhibition range of 59.2-80.6% and 46.6-78.9%, respectively, and their MIC values were ranged from 62.5 to 500 and 125 to 1000 μg/mL. The essential oil had a remarkable effect on spore germination of all the plant pathogens with concentration and time-dependent kinetic inhibition of P. capsici. Further, the oil displayed remarkable in vivo antifungal effect up to 82.4-100% disease suppression efficacy on greenhouse-grown pepper plants. The results obtained from this study may contribute to the development of new antifungal agents to protect the crops from fungal diseases. 相似文献
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Jun-E Wang Da-Wei Li Ying-Li Zhang Qian Zhao Yu-Mei He Zhen-Hui Gong 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(3):625-638
In this study, we investigated the activities of β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase enzymes in the leaves of pepper cultivar A3 infected with the incompatible strain PC and the compatible strain HX-9 of Phytophthora capsici. The activities of β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase enzymes substantially increased in the incompatible interactions compared to the compatible interactions. We also analysed the expression patterns of four defence-related genes, including CABPR1, CABGLU, CAPO1 and CaRGA1, in the leaves and roots of pepper inoculated with different strains of P. capsici. All gene expression levels were higher in the leaves than in the roots. Markedly different expression patterns were observed between incompatible and compatible host-pathogen interactions. In the incompatible interactions, the expression levels of CABPR1, CABGLU and CAPO1 genes in leaves increased by a maximum of 17.2-, 13.2- and 20.5-fold at 24, 12 and 12 h, respectively, whereas the CaRGA1 gene expression level increased to a lesser degree, 6.0-fold at 24 h. However, in the compatible interactions, the expression levels of the four defence-related genes increased by a maximum of 11.2-, 8.6-, 7.9- and 2.0-fold at 48, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Compared to the leaves, the expression levels of the four defence-related genes were much lower in the roots. The highest levels of mRNA were those of the CABPR1 gene, which increased 5.1-fold at 24 h in the incompatible and 3.2-fold at 48 h in the compatible interactions. The other three genes exhibited lower expression levels in the incompatible and compatible interactions. These results further confirmed that defence-related genes might be involved in the defence response of pepper to P. capsici attack. 相似文献
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稻曲病菌SIX效应蛋白参与调控植物免疫 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确稻曲病菌Ustilaginoidea virens的SIX(secreted in xylem)效应蛋白功能,利用生物信息学软件预测6个SIX1蛋白和1个SIX2蛋白的分泌特性,并通过酵母分泌系统对其分泌特性进行验证,在烟草上通过根癌农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens介导的瞬时表达系统检测SIX蛋白对小鼠促凋亡蛋白BAX、致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans激发子INF1、大豆疫霉Phytophthora sojae病原相关分子模式糖基水解酶XEG1引起烟草细胞坏死的作用,在烟草上表达SIX蛋白后接种辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici并观察其对辣椒疫霉侵染的作用。结果显示:所检测的SIX蛋白中有5个含有预测的信号肽,2个被预测为非经典分泌蛋白,但经酵母分泌系统验证均具有分泌功能;大部分SIX蛋白能够抑制BAX、INF1、XEG1引起的烟草细胞坏死,但抑制坏死的情况并不完全一致;大部分含信号肽的SIX蛋白能够促进辣椒疫霉侵染,UV8b＿3638去信号肽突变体也能够促进辣椒疫霉侵染。表明大多数SIX蛋白参与调控植物免疫,且能促进病原... 相似文献
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Paul H. Goodwin Weilong Xie Moez Valliani 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,134(4):795-810
Expression of three Nicotiana benthamiana miraculin-like protein genes, NbMLP1, NbMLP2 and NbMLP3, showed almost identical responses to wounding, an incompatible interaction with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and compatible interactions with P. syringae pv. tabaci, Colletotrichum destructivum or Colletotrichum orbiculare. However, only NbMLP1 expression responded to exogenous methyl jasmonate or ethylene. None exhibited expression in healthy leaves and stems, and all showed highest expression in seeds, except for NbMLP1, which had highest expression in roots. NbMLP1, NbMLP2 and NbMLP3 were in different subfamilies of miraculin-like protein sequences of N. benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum. Subfamilies correlated well with predicted features of the reactive-site loop potentially affecting the bond that could react with serine proteinases. Despite considerable predicted structural diversity that might affect biological activity, the apparently coordinated expression of these genes to pathogen attack may reflect the need to produce diverse proteinase inhibitors to act against a potentially broad range of secreted microbial proteinases during basal resistance to pathogens. 相似文献
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Daigo Takemoto Yusuke Shibata Makoto Ojika Yuri Mizuno Sayaka Imano Mina Ohtsu Ikuo Sato Sotaro Chiba Kazuhito Kawakita Soriya Rin Maurizio Camagna 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(5):312-320
The oomycete Phytophthora infestans is the causal agent of potato late blight, one of the most destructive and historically significant pathogens in agricultural production. A virus-induced gene silencing-based screening of the solanaceous model plant N. benthamiana resulted in revealing a wide range of resistance mechanisms of solanaceous plants against this pathogen. In this article, we present an overview of the various pathways involved in the N. benthamiana–P. infestans pathosystem, including some of the follow-up work that was triggered by these findings. The purpose of this review is to assemble these findings and integrate them into our current understanding of plant pathogen defense mechanisms and discuss their potential application for the development of potato resistance to P. infestans. 相似文献
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Antifungal activity of oligochitosan against nine phytopathogens was investigated in vitro. Oligochitosan was more effective than chitosan in inhibiting mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici and its inhibition on different stages in life cycle of P. capsici was observed. Rupture of released zoospores induced by oligochitosan was reduced by addition of 100 mM glucose. The effects of oligochitosan on mycelial growth and zoospore release, but not zoospore rupture, were reduced largely when pH value was above 7. The ultrastructural study showed that oligochitosan caused distortion and disruption of most vacuoles, thickening of plasmalemma, and appearance of unique tubular materials. Plasmalemmasomes in hyphal tip cells were not found in the presence of oligochitosan. These results suggest polycationic nature of oligochitosan contributes only partly to its antifungal activity and multiple modes of action of oligochitosan exist including the disruption of endomembrane system. 相似文献
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为探讨枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis菌株B1409对番茄早疫病和辣椒疫霉病的防效和生防机制,采用平板对峙法和盆栽法测定了该菌株对番茄早疫病菌和辣椒疫霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用、对2种病害的盆栽防效以及对番茄和辣椒植株促生长效果和防御酶活性的影响。结果表明:菌株B1409能明显抑制番茄早疫病菌和辣椒疫霉病菌菌丝生长,且导致菌丝发生畸变。10~8CFU/mL菌株B1409菌液对番茄早疫病和辣椒疫霉病的预防效果分别为67.82%和61.22%,治疗效果分别为41.22%和56.43%。不同浓度B1409菌液均能促进番茄和辣椒植株生长,并能增强其体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性,且浓度越高促进效果越明显。番茄和辣椒植株的平均干重分别在10~2CFU/mL和10~4CFU/mL B1409菌液处理后显著高于对照,增长率分别为42.35%和4.87%。番茄和辣椒植株经10~2CFU/mL B1409菌液处理后,体内超氧化物歧化酶活性比对照显著增加,增长率分别为91.23%和19.58%。研究表明枯草芽胞杆菌B1409菌株可通过直接抑制菌丝生长及诱导植物体自身抗病性等方式来有效防治番茄早疫病和辣椒疫霉病。 相似文献