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1.
以腐熟中药渣、腐熟菇渣、泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩以及45%的缓释肥(15-15-15)为原料,按照不同比例复配成6种栽培基质,选取进口泥炭作为对照,研究不同配比的栽培基质对番茄苗期生长的影响,以筛选出理想的番茄育苗基质配方。结果表明:腐熟中药渣:泥炭:腐熟菇渣:蛭石:珍珠岩以5:1:1.5:2:1(体积比)并添加2 kg/m345%缓释肥的基质培育的番茄在株高、茎粗、根系形态及根系活力等方面均优于其他配比的育苗基质,主成分分析和聚类分析结果也得到了类似的结果,表明该配方的基质可推荐作为番茄育苗的专用型有机营养基质。 相似文献
2.
Monica Ozores-Hampton Charles S. Vavrina Thomas A. Obreza 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(4):42-49
Large volumes of yard trimmings (YT) and biosolids (BS) co-compost have recently become available to the Florida vegetable industry. Compost used as vegetable transplant medium may be less expensive than traditional Sphagnum peat moss, since it can be locally produced. ‘Agriset 761’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seed were sown in five combinations of compost, peat, and vermiculite amended media: 0:70:30 (control), 18:52:30, 35:35:30, 52:18:30, and 70:0:30 % by weight, respectively. The experiment was repeated 3 times over a one-year period to accommodate the Florida transplant production season. YT-BS compost were sieved to a particle size less than 2.4 mm (33 % by weight) to be utilized as a transplant media.The YT-BS compost had a high initial EC that restricted plant growth in one of the three batches used. By mixing YT-BS compost with peat and vermiculite the EC was reduced to an optimal 0 to 2 dS·m?1 in the Fall 1997 and Spring 1998a experiments, but not for Spring 1998b.Transplant media with YT-BS compost increased tomato seedling leaf area and shoot dry weight 21, 28, and 35 DAS (days after seeding) compared with the control. Additionally, YT-BS compost increased root dry weight 28 DAS and final stem diameter 35 DAS compared to the untreated control. Leaf area and shoot dry weight 21 DAS and shoot and root dry weight 28 DAS decreased linearly as compost rate increased. Although root dry weight differences among YT-BS compost rates 21 and 28 DAS were evident, these differences disappeared 35 DAS indicating no effect of compost rate on transplant characteristics. Number of leaves 21, 28 and 35 DAS were similar among all treatments. Utilization of YT-BS compost in the Spring 1998a experiment at any rate provided a slow-release source of nutrients that produced a tomato transplant with higher quality characteristics compared with the traditional peat:vermiculite medium and mineral fertilizer application. Once transplanted to the field, the differences that existed in the transplants grown in compost amended soilless medium disappeared. Fruit yields and size (i.e., large, extra-large, average fruit weight) between the control and compost treatments or among the compost rates were similar, except for the third harvest where the control had more tomato size medium than YT-BS compost treatments.The results suggest that YT-BS compost can be used as an alternative to peat media for tomato transplant production, and that the percentage of substitution for peat is not critical. However, a lack of product physical and chemical consistency would compromise vegetable transplant and bedding plant production. Our results indicate more quality control is required with this YT-BS compost before it can be used wholesale in these markets. 相似文献
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4.
H. M. Abdelrahman F. G. Ceglie F. A. Awad F. Tittarelli 《Compost science & utilization》2017,25(1):62-69
This work evaluated the response of organic tomato seedlings to locally produced compost-amended growing media and commonly used N liquid fertilizers. Green (GC) and mixed (MC) composts were used in growing media formulation with 70, 45, 20, and 0% (control based on peat) on volume basis for organic tomato seedling growth. Three locally available N liquid fertilizers, hydrolyzed-protein-based fertilizer (HP), blood-meal-based fertilizer (BM), and algae-extract-based fertilizer (AE), were tested. Seedlings were evaluated 34 days after sowing for plant height; stem diameter; shoot weights; sturdiness index; specific leaf area; and N, P, and K contents in the seedlings shoot. The statistical analysis showed that the substrate type, fertilizer, and their interaction significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected, in most cases, the seedlings growth. The compost, especially with 20 or 45% amended substrate, produced longer seedlings with thicker diameter, greater fresh and dry weights, and greater leaves number compared to the control (compost-free) substrate. The use of the HP or the AE fertilizer generally contributed to better seedlings growth than did the BM-based fertilizer. The HP fertilizer clearly affected (p ≤ 0.01) the seedling diameter, fresh weight, and leave numbers while the AE fertilizer affected clearly seedling sturdiness index. The use of the GC or MC compost complemented with the HP or the AE fertilizer successfully reduced up to 45% of peat use in growing media and produced robust organic tomato seedlings. 相似文献
5.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(20):2987-3005
Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important index of soil quality because of its relationship with crop yield. The application of organic matter to soil is a significant method for increasing SOM. Different organic materials have varying effects in increasing SOM. This study investigates the effects of combining different sources of organic matter (i.e., compost, leguminous green manure, and peat) with a chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer on the growth and N accumulation in corn and rice plants. This study examines seven treatments, including a no-fertilization check and a conventional chemical fertilizer treatment. Shoots of corn and rice were sampled at the tasseling (panicle initiation for rice) and maturity stages. The biomass yield was measured and the total N was analyzed. At the maturity stage, the soil samples were collected to determine the chemical properties. The results showed that a small percentage of the N in the compost and peat, after their application, was available to the crop during the growth season; the production of biomass and N absorption among rice and corn plants was minimal compared to that treated with chemical N fertilizer. The application of compost and peat resulted in SOM accumulation, particularly with peat. However, the application of compost combined with chemical fertilizer not only produced sufficient nutrients for crop growth but also resulted in an accumulation of SOM, which is vital for enhancing the soil quality. Most of the N in green manure (GM) was mineralized shortly after application, causing excessive growth of rice and corn plants during the early stage, but reducing their reproductive growth and grain yield. 相似文献
6.
为优化蔬菜育苗成型基质的配方,提高成型基质蔬菜育苗效果,分别以牛粪好氧堆肥腐熟料和牛粪蚯蚓堆肥腐熟料为主料,草炭为辅料,吸水树脂为膨胀剂,木醋液为调节剂,黄瓜为指示植物,研究不同配方对成型基质块成型及育苗效果的影响,并对各目标指标进行综合评价,以确定较佳的成型育苗基质配方。试验结果表明:牛粪好氧堆肥腐熟料制成的成型基质块在膨胀性能、抗跌碎性及育苗期间破损情况优于牛粪蚯蚓堆肥腐熟料制成的成型基质块,但其p H值、EC值较高,使其存活率和茎粗株高等育苗特性与牛粪蚯蚓堆肥腐熟料相比较差。2种腐熟料基质配方可采取不同的调节方法改善其特性,蚯蚓堆肥腐熟料中添加适量秸秆类纤维状物质可以减小其成型基质块的跌碎率和破损率,牛粪好氧堆肥腐熟料中添加硫磺粉可以调节p H值。从基质块质量综合指数来看,既适合成型又有利于育苗效果的配方为:腐熟料和辅料的体积比为3:2~4:3;成型基质块中膨胀剂的含量以该试验中最小添加量27 m L左右最为合适,与总物料(腐熟料和辅料混合后的物料)的比值为5.5 m L/L;木醋液在2种腐熟料中的添加量不同,在牛粪好氧腐熟料中,木醋液添加量约为8.5 m L/L,而牛粪蚯蚓腐熟料中则为18 m L/L,此时两种腐熟料成型基质块的跌碎率均小于5%,破损率均小于20%和小于40%,幼苗存活率分别大于40%和大于70%,全株干质量全部大于100 mg。该研究结果可为蔬菜有机栽培成型基质的开发及其品质改善提供理论依据,具有重要意义。 相似文献
7.
An incubation experiment was carried out to test the effects of biogenic municipal waste (compost I) and shrub/grass (compost II) composts in comparison to peat on respiration and microbial biomass in soil. The amounts of these three substrates added were linearly increased in the range of field application rates (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%). The sum of CO2 evolved during the incubation was markedly raised by the three substrates and increased with the rate of substrate concentration. However, the percentage of substrate mineralized to CO2 decreased with the addition rate from 103 to 56% for compost I, from 81 to 56% for compost II, and from 21 to 8% for peat. During the first 25 days of incubation, compost I enlarged the biomass C content, which remained constant until the end. In contrast, compost II did not raise biomass C initially. But at the end of the incubation, the biomass C content of all 4 compost II treatments almost reached the level of the respective compost I treatment. The increase was significantly larger the more of the two composts was added. In contrast to the two composts, the addition of peat did not have any significant effect on microbial biomass C. The average qCO2 values at day 25 declined in the order compost I > compost II > peat, at day 92 the order was changed to compost II > peat > compost 1. This change in the order was caused by a significant decrease in qCO2 values of the compost I treatments, a significant increase in qCO2 values of the peat treatments and constant qCO2 values in the compost II treatments. 相似文献
8.
Hesham Abdel-Razzak Mohamed Rashwan Ronnele Fulleros Mansour Ibrahim 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(3):287-295
Different proportions of tomato waste compost (TWC) were combined with peat moss and vermiculite as growth substrates used to evaluate the quality of seedlings of economic vegetables, including tomato, hot pepper, cucumber and summer squash. The seeding substrates used were: (T0), vermiculite: peat moss: TWC (4: 1: 0, by weight), 0% TWC; (T1), vermiculite: peat: TWC (4: 0.75: 0.25), 5% TWC; (T2), vermiculite: peat: TWC (4: 0.5: 0.5), 10% TWC; (T3), vermiculite: peat: TWC (4: 0.25: 0.75), 15% TWC; and (T4), vermiculite: peat: TWC (4: 0: 1), 20% TWC. The best seedling response was recorded in substrate mixtures supplemented with 5% and 10% TWC, which hastened seed germination and improved seedling morphology. Since vegetable seedlings produced with TWC-amended substrate were of higher quality, compared to those produced exclusively on peat substrate, we suggest that TWC may be used to replace partially peat-based substrate used for vegetable transplants production in nurseries. 相似文献
9.
不同原料堆制的有机无机复混肥对辣椒产量和土壤生物性状的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过田间试验,研究了施用以菜粕堆肥、猪粪堆肥和中药渣堆肥制成的3种有机无机复混肥对辣椒产量、土壤矿质态氮和土壤微生物量碳、氮以及微生物多样性的影响。结果表明:1）各施肥处理辣椒果实产量为2451.1～3301.5kg/hm2,均显著高于对照（CK,1700.8 kg/hm2）;3种原料堆制的有机无机复混肥的辣椒果实产量为2851.3～3301.5kg/hm2,显著高于单施化肥CF,增产率为16.3%～34.7%。2）与CF和CK处理比较,3种原料堆制的有机无机复混肥处理明显提高了土壤矿质态氮含量,改善了土壤供氮能力,增加了土壤微生物量C、N含量。3）对各处理土壤DNA条带采用邻接法分析(Eighbor Joining)表明,5个处理土壤样品共分为3大族群,CF与CK为一种族群,菜粕堆制的有机无机复混肥（RCC）为另一种族群,猪粪堆制的（PMC）和中药渣堆制的有机无机复混肥（CMC）又属另一种族群。说明施入外源有机物质(菜粕、猪粪与中药渣)可能改变土壤的细菌群落结构,而施入化肥对土壤的细菌群落结构影响较小。 相似文献
10.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19-20):3275-3289
Abstract A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effect of peat moss‐shrimp wastes compost on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown on a limed loamy sand soil. A control, four rates of compost applied alone and in combination with three rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) chemical fertilizer were evaluated. Applications of compost to limed soil substantially enhanced the growth of barley over the control. When considering all treatments, the main effect of compost rates on straw yield, numbers of tillers, plant height, and number of ears was more important than that of fertilizer. A significant interaction on barley growth parameter values was obtained with compost and fertilizer rates. A combination of moderate application of compost and fertilizer gave in some instances, more yield than compost or fertilizer applied alone. Nutrient content of barley increased with rate of compost applied to soil over the control. A significant relationship was found between soil organic carbon (C) and straw yield, number of tillers, plant height and number of ears whereas grain yield was correlated with soil total N. Results from this study indicate that peat moss‐shrimp wastes compost could represent a potential means of renovating low fertility sand soils. 相似文献
11.
Jian-Hua Zhang Guang-Ming Tian Gen-Di Zhou Miao-Miao He Fan Wang Jing-Hua Yao 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1780-1794
This research work was performed to investigate the possibility of using composted herb residues (C1), co-composted sewage sludge with sawdust (C2), co-composted pig manure with sawdust (C3), and co-composted pig manure with spent mushroom (C4) in the production of horticultural seedlings to replace part of peat in the growing media. The proportions of each compost in the mixtures elaborated with peat were 50%, 75%, and 100% (v/v), respectively. The substrate of 100% commercial peat was used as the control. First, some physical, physical-chemical, and chemical properties of these substrates were determined. Second, four kinds of plants tomato, cucumber, bermudagrass, and impatiens were used to evaluate the possibility of different composts to replace part of peat. The seed germination rate, fresh weight and nutrient concentrations of seedling were then measured. We found that the physical, physical-chemical and chemical properties of these substrates were statistically influenced by the type and the proportion of compost in the substrates. The substrates elaborated with C1 and C2 showed adequate physical and chemical properties for their use as substrate in horticultural seedlings production. The highest germination of cucumber, tomato, bermudagrass and impatiens all occurred at C1 based substrate. Seedling grown in the C1 and C2 based substrate reached better growth and nutrition than peat. Our results suggested that the C1 and C2 were good alternative to peat-based substrate for seedling production, especially at the rate of 75% and 100% of C1 and 50% of C2, which have shown beneficial effects on the seedling production of cucumber, tomato, bermudagrass and impatiens compared to the control. However, C3 and C4 were not always adequately used in substituting expensive peat. 相似文献
12.
Housam Kanaan Yitzhak Hadar Shlomit Medina Arkady Krasnovsky Sara Mordechai-Lebiush Leah Tsror 《Compost science & utilization》2018,26(2):71-78
Several composts were tested for their capacity to moderate the effect of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. (VCG B4, VD) on eggplant (Solanum melongena) under greenhouse conditions. Eggplants plantlets were inoculated by immersing their roots in conidial suspension and then planted in pots filled with mixtures of compost or peat moss, mixed with perlite. Six composts and peat moss mixtures were tested, of which tomato waste compost suppressed V. dahliae, and turkey litter compost partially suppressed it. Reduced levels of symptoms and lower fungal colonization were detected in the xylem of eggplants planted in tomato waste compost, and these plants accumulated more dry matter and had higher chlorophyll content compared to other media. However, survival of conidia in tomato waste compost showed only a moderate decrease compared with a sharp decrease in other media, suggesting that conidial eradication cannot be proposed as the suppressiveness mechanism. γ irradiation of tomato waste compost and peat at 2.5 Mrad reduced microorganism density by four orders of magnitude, but irradiation of tomato waste compost did not reduce its suppressiveness of V. dahliae. Composts properties affected progress rate of VD in the xylem tissue of eggplant seedling. These properties could indicate both biotic and abiotic factors affecting the process. 相似文献
13.
Peter J. Stoffella Yuncong Li David V. Calvert Donald A. Graetz 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(2):21-25
Seeds of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) were sown in Speedling trays filled with mixtures (v:v) of 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 percent sugarcane filtercake compost (a natural waste by-product of sugarcane processing mills; bagasse) and a peat-lite medium. Seeds sown in 100 percent compost resulted in lower total percent germination, but similar mean days to emergence (MDE), seedling heights, and shoot weights and lower root weights than the control (100 percent peat-lite medium). Media amended with 25, 50 or 75 percent compost resulted in similar total percent emergence, (MDE) and root weights, but taller seedlings with heavier shoots than the control. SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter readings, and leaf N, Ca and Zn contents were higher for seedlings produced in compost amended media than in 100 percent peat-lite medium. The results suggest that compost derived from sugarcane filtercake can be successfully utilized as an amended medium for citrus seedling rootstock production. 相似文献
14.
J.E. Castillo F. Herrera R.J. López-Bellido F.J. López-Bellido L. López-Bellido E.J. Fernández 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(1):86-92
For 3 years, different types of growing media were evaluated in nursery-produced tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv “Atletico”). Five mixtures of substrates were used: old peat (65%) + white peat (30%) + perlite (5%), old peat (65%) + MSW compost (30%) + perlite (5%), MSW compost (65%) + white peat (30%) + perlite (5%), MSW compost (95%) + perlite (5%) and MSW compost (50%) + cocofiber (50%). Various seedling indices were measured in order to assess the quality of the nursery-produced plant. The quality of the MSW compost used (pH, salinity, organic matter) bore a strong influence on results. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of the MSW compost of over 9 dSm?1 produced poorer quality tomato seedlings in the mixture of substrates with peat. The use of MSW compost as the only substrate and the mixture of MSW compost with cocofiber had a lower growth index and poorer performance than the standard peat mixture. However, growth and development of the tomato seedlings in the mixture: old peat (65%) + MSW compost (30%) + perlite (5%) were similar to that obtained with the standard mixture: old peat (65%) + white peat (30%) + perlite (5%). 相似文献
15.
生物质炭醋糟复配物代替草炭对辣椒幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
生物质炭的农业利用日益受到关注。针对草炭资源日益耗竭的问题,以药渣炭、木屑炭和猪粪炭为试验对象,配比一定量的醋糟,分析了不同配比生物质炭复合基质对辣椒幼苗生长的影响,探讨了生物质炭复合基质代替草炭基质的可能性。试验结果表明:生物质炭在与醋糟按4∶2、3∶3、2∶4等不同配比混合后,基质的pH大多数在6.0~7.5,基质的通气孔隙有所提高。综合整个幼苗生育期,含20%生物质炭的各复合基质处理的辣椒幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上部生物量均显著优于对照草炭基质;含20%、40%药渣炭的基质处理的幼苗根表面积、根体积表现较好,在前期与草炭基质无显著差异,后期显著高于草炭基质。药渣炭和木屑炭与醋糟混配基质的壮苗指数优于草炭处理,其中B1A2(药渣炭∶醋糟∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=4∶2∶3∶1)、B1A4(药渣炭∶醋糟∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶4∶3∶1)、B2A4(木屑炭∶醋糟∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶4∶3∶1)处理的壮苗指数均显著高于其他处理。综合评价各生长指标,B1A2和B1A4处理基质的表现最好,可代替草炭基质在辣椒育苗上应用。 相似文献
16.
Paul Hepperly Don Lotter Christine Ziegler Ulsh Rita Seidel Carolyn Reider 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(2):117-126
From 1993 to 2001, a maize-vegetable-wheat rotation was compared using either 1) composts, 2) manure, or 3) synthetic fertilizer for nitrogen nutrient input. From 1993 to 1998, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were used as an annual winter legume cover crop prior to maize production. From 1999 to 2001, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) served as the legume green manure nitrogen (N) source for maize. In this rotation, wheat depended entirely on residual N that remained in the soil after maize and vegetable (pepper and potato) production. Vegetables received either compost, manure, or fertilizer N inputs. Raw dairy manure stimulated the highest overall maize yields of 7,395 kg/ha (approximately 140 bushels per acre). This exceeded the Berks County mean yield of about 107 bushels per acre from 1994 to 2001. When hairy vetch replaced clover as the winter green manure cover crop, maize yields rose in three of the four treatments (approximately 500-1,300 kg/ha, or 10-24 bu/a). Hairy vetch cover cropping also resulted in a 9-25 % increase in wheat yields in the compost treatments compared to clover cover cropping. Hairy vetch cover crops increased both maize and wheat grain protein contents about 16 to 20% compared to the clover cover crop. Compost was superior to conventional synthetic fertilizer and raw dairy manure in 1) building soil nutrient levels, 2) providing residual nutrient support to wheat production, and 3) reducing nutrient losses to ground and surface waters. After 9 years, soil carbon (C) and soil N remained unchanged or declined slightly in the synthetic fertilizer treatment, but increased with use of compost amendments by 16-27% for C and by 13-16% for N. However, with hairy vetch cover crops, N leaching increased 4 times when compared to clover cover crops. September was the highest month for nitrate leaching, combining high rainfall with a lack of active cash crop or cover crop growth to use residual N. Broiler litter leaf compost (BLLC) showed the lowest nitrate leaching of all the nutrient amendments tested (P= 0.05). 相似文献
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1-2):101-114
Abstract The object of this work was to study the influence of humic extracts prepared from peat, sheep manure, and compost from municipal solid waste on germination and growth of ryegrass. Germination tests, using different concentrations of humic extracts, showed that doses higher than 20% (v/v) inhibited seed germination. Therefore, doses of 20 and 10% were used in a first growth experiment, using a control consisting of a complete nutrient solution. A 20% dose caused adverse effects on plant growth. Hence, doses of 10 and 5% were used in the next growth experiments. Also, plants were watered with the extracts or with the nutrient solution (control) and with distilled water alternately in the next experiments. After the first cut of the ryegrass, sixteen days after the sowing, the watering was implemented only with distilled water in order to assess the residual effects of the different fertilizers. A second cut was performed thirty six days after the sowing. The harvested ryegrass was analyzed for: a) fresh weight; b) dry matter; c) nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents; d) chlorophylls; and e) carotenoids. The data show that the best effects were achieved with sheep manure extracts, followed by compost and peat. Differences among the three kinds of fertilizers were more remarkable than those between the two doses of the same fertilizer. 相似文献
18.
小麦秸秆混配基质对甜椒幼苗生长和光合参数的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将小麦秸秆、草炭和蛭石按不同比例混配成小麦秸秆混配基质,研究其理化性状及其在甜椒育苗中的应用效果.结果表明,随着混配基质中秸秆基质含量的增加,复合基质的容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙度均呈上升趋势,而其通气孔隙度却呈下降趋势;添加小麦秸秆基质,提高了混配基质的pH值、电导率、阳离子交换量以及氮、钙、镁元素含量,降低了基质的磷元素含量;当小麦秸秆基质含量为36％时,T3处理(秸秆∶草炭∶蛭石为36∶54∶ 10)中甜椒幼苗的单株干重、壮苗指数、叶绿素总量均高于对照,分别比对照提高10.6％、8.4％、2.1％,其净光合速率则显著高于对照,比对照提高7.8％.因此,小麦秸秆∶草炭∶蛭石=36∶ 54∶10的混配基质适合于甜椒幼苗的生长发育,可作为甜椒育苗基质使用. 相似文献
19.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5-6):689-698
Abstract Biosolids compost is used in media to grow potted plants. Nitrogen (N) in media leachate may contribute to nitrate (NO3‐N) contamination of surface or ground water. Addition of sawdust to potting media containing biosolids compost will increase the carbon (C) to nitrogen ratio and could prevent N leaching without adversely affecting plant growth. A control medium containing 0% sawdust (v/v), 30% perlite, 50% municipal biosolids compost, and 20% sand was modified to contain either 10, 20, or 30% (v/v) fresh hardwood sawdust. The sawdust replaced either 1/3, 2/3, or all of the perlite in the control medium. Slow release fertilizer, slow plus quick release fertilizer, or no fertilizer was added to each of the four media to determine how the sawdust affected fertilizer needs. Coreopsis (Coreopsis grandiflora L.) and Rudbeckia (Rudbeckia hirta L. ’Goldstrum') were grown in pots for five months. Leachate was tested for NO3‐N and ammonium N (NH4‐N). Increasing amounts of sawdust produced no differences in growth of Coreopsis and few differences in the growth of Rudbeckia. The addition of slow or slow plus quick release fertilizer had little effect on the growth of Coreopsis and a greater effect on the growth of Rudbeckia. Sawdust and fertilizer had no effect on the leaching of N. Nitrogen leached primarily as NH4‐N during the first four weeks of the experiment. 相似文献
20.
Four containerized deciduous ornamental shrubs [deutzia (Deutzia gracilis L.), silverleaf dogwood (Cornus alba ‘Elegantissima’), red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.), and ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius L.)] were grown during each of two separate growing seasons using 12 different immature (nonaged) composts as media (year one, 12 weeks from start of windrowing; year two, 16-weeks) and also two control nursery mixes (100 percent ground pine bark; and 80:15:5 by volume of pine bark:sphagnum peat:top soil). The compost formulations (volume basis) consisted of spent mushroom substrate (50 percent), waxed corrugated cardboard, 0 percent, 25 percent, or 50 percent), and/or pulverized wood wastes (50 percent, 25 percent, and 0 percent). Supplemental N was added to some composts as poultry manure (18 kg·m?3), soybean wastes (24·kg·m?3), or both at the same application rates. Despite the immaturity of the compost media and the presence of high initial contents of soluble salts primarily from the spent mushroom substrate (EC ≤6.4 dS·m?1, 1:1 v/v medium:water extracts), the top dry weight (averaged over two seasons) of each of the four species grown in compost media, regardless of waxed corrugated cardboard (WCC) level, exceeded that obtained in 100 percent pine bark. Compared with the 0 percent WCC compost, plants of all four species grew better in 25 percent and/or 50 percent WCC compost media and growth in these treatments was more (silverleaf dogwood), similar (deutzia and red-osier dogwood), or less than (ninebark) that in the 80:15:5 nursery mix. Rapid leaching of the potentially toxic soluble salts from the containerized compost media within days after planting minimized any adverse effects on the plants. There was no difference in foliar concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn due to WCC level, or to the N supplements which had little or no effect on growth. The foliar contents of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Co, and Pb) were low and/or below detection limits. 相似文献