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The nature of a reductive system which actively degrades mexacarbate in the rat intestine and liver was investigated. The system is characterized by its stability against heat and protease treatments and its requirements for a flavin cofactor and an acidic pH for a maximum activity. As a result of purification and spectroscopic identification attempts the system responsible for the above reductive activity was identified to be flavoprotein. Under anerobic conditions such flavoproteinflavin cofactor systems degrade mexacarbate first to 4-N-desmethylmexacarbate and then to polar water-soluble metabolites. 相似文献
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A whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) resistance crisis climaxed in 1995 in Arizona cotton and prompted the development of an integrated resistance management strategy adapted from a program implemented in Israel in 1987. The strategy incorporated two new major elements: once-per-year use of the insect growth regulators (IGRs) pyriproxyfen and buprofezin, and measures to delay use of pyrethroids for as long into the growing season as possible. A three-stage chemical use recommendation was formulated comprising IGRs (Stage I), other non-pyrethroid insecticides (Stage II), and synergized pyrethroid insecticides (Stage III). Results from use of the strategy in the 1996 season were very promising. Insecticide use for control of whiteflies was reduced substantially. State-wide monitoring of whitefly susceptibility revealed significant reductions in resistance to synergized pyrethroids as well as increased susceptibility to amitraz. Susceptibility of Lygus bugs to key insecticides changed correspondingly with increases and decreases in whitefly resistance from 1994 through 1996. ©1997 SCI 相似文献
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A. D. Avgelis 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1986,92(4):147-152
Tomatoes grown in plastic houses in Crete have been inspected since 1980 for virus diseases. Plants with virus-like symptoms were checked by sap inoculation to test plants and the isolated viruses were identified by host reaction and serology. The most common viruses were, in order of frequency, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), potato virus X, tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), potato virus Y and cucumber mosaic virus. The large use of ToMV-resistant cultivars reduces gradually the importance of ToMV while TBSV tends to become a serious problem of tomato in Crete.Samenvatting Van 1980–1984 werden op Kreta de in plasticfolie-kassen geteelde tomaten geïnventariseerd op de aanwezigheid van virussen. Verdachte plante werden door sapinoculatie op toetsplanten onderzocht. De daarbij geïsoleerde virussen werden daarna via de symptomen op de waardplanten en serologisch geïdentificeerd. In volgorde van belangrijkheid werden de volgende virussen het meest aangetroffen: tomatemozaïekvirus, aardappelvirus X, tomatedwerggroeivirus, aardappel Y virus en komkommermozaïekvirus, De laatste jaren is door de toenemende teelt van tomaterassen met resistentie tegen tomatemozaïekvirus het belang van dit virus sterk verminderd, terwijl het tomatedwerggroeivirus een steeds ernstiger probleem lijkt te worden. 相似文献
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利用祁连山老虎沟地区海拔4200m气象观测站2010年的观测资料,采用FAO Penman-Monteith公式,再利用作物系数法,对高寒草甸生长季(5月22-9月22)的蒸散发量进行估算和分析。结果发现:研究期共有124天,蒸散发总量为238.3mm,日均为1.87mm·d-1。生长初期、生长中期、生长末期的蒸散发总量依次为22.6mm,179.1mm,36.6mm,依次占研究期总量的8.4%,75.2%,15.3%。5月下旬至6月中旬,日均蒸散发量以较低水平缓慢上升;6月下旬迅速增加;6月末至7月中旬猛然回落;7月中旬至8月末,日均蒸散发量迅速上升且维持在较高水平;此后直到9月22日,缓慢减少。5-9月月蒸散发总量依次为6.6mm,46.4mm,74.5mm,77.6mm,33.1mm。 相似文献
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T. Kapari-Isaia A. Kyriakou L. Papayiannis D. Tsaltas S. Gregoriou I. Psaltis 《Plant pathology》2008,57(2):348-353
A new laboratory technique combining shoot-tip grafting in vitro and biological indexing on indicator plants was explored for the detection of citrus exocortis and related viroids. Τhree in vitro laboratory methods were used and compared with the classical biological method. With the classical in vivo method, diagnosis is based on the expression of symptoms on indicators 11–14 weeks after inoculation. In contrast, with the first in vitro method, microindexing in vitro of citron seedlings by graft inoculation, diagnosis was possible 12 days after inoculation; with the second method, microindexing in vitro of citron cuttings by graft inoculation, 20 days after inoculation; and with the third method, microindexing in vitro of citron cuttings by injection inoculation, 40 days after inoculation. Inoculated Etrog citron plantlets grown in vitro and tested by RT-PCR showed the same viroid content as the source plants. Of the three in vitro viroid indexing methods, microindexing on cuttings by grafting was easier and more reliable than microindexing either on seedlings or on cuttings by injection. 相似文献
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A. D. Avgelis 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1987,93(4):153-158
During a survey of virus diseases affecting pepper grown in plastic houses in Crete, during 1984–1986, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were detected. The most common virus was TMV, being present in samples of alle pepper cultivars carrying the L1 resistance gene, while ToMV was isolated only from susceptible pepper cultivars. According to responses ofCapsicum spp. the isolates from 640 samples checked were classified into three pathotypes: P0, P1.2 and P1.2.3. Results of this study show that P1.2 represents at present the major threat to the Cretan pepper industry.Samenvatting Bij een in de jaren 1984–1986 gehouden inventarisatie van virusziekten in paprika in plastic-foliekassen op Kreta werd zowel het tabaksmozaïekvirus (TMV) als het tomatemozaïekvirus (ToMV) aangetoond. TMV kwam zeer algemeen voor: het werd aangetroffen in alle monsters van de paprikarassen met het resistentiegen L1. ToMV werd alleen geïsoleerd uit planten van vatbare paprikarassen. Volgens de waargenomen symptomen die de isolaten van 640 monsters opCapsicum spp. vertoonden, konden de isolaten in drie pathotypen, nl. P1, P1,2 en P1,2,3, worden geklassificeerd. Uit het onderzoek is gebleken dat P1,2 de belangrijkste bedreiging vormt voor de teelt van paprika op Kreta. 相似文献
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西北地区冬季室内三种常绿植物的光合特性比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用Li-6400XT便携式气体交换系统的红蓝光源和液化CO_2钢瓶注入系统,模拟冬季室内较密闭环境下存在较高CO_2浓度且为弱光环境,设置CO_2浓度为600μmol·mol~(-1),并以400μmol·mol~(-1)作为对照组(CK),对绿萝(Scindapsus aureus)、鹅掌柴(Scheffera octophlla(Lour).Harins)和燕子掌(Crassula agenten Thunb.)进行光响应(Pn-PAR)曲线的测定。结果显示:在CO_2浓度600μmol·mol~(-1)下,三种植物的光饱和点(LSP)均比(CK)更早出现,绿萝和鹅掌柴总体的净光合速率(Pn)比(CK)高,燕子掌比(CK)低;绿萝的最大光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)和表观量子效率(YAQ)均最高,分别为5.62±0.145μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、373.51±24.15μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)和0.041±0.003μmol·μmol~(-1),但暗呼吸速率(Rd)较低(-0.51±0.14μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1));鹅掌柴和绿萝的水分利用率(WUE)和蒸腾速率(Tr),极显著高于燕子掌(P<0.01);绿萝的叶绿素SPAD值最高(70.03±4.18),极显著高于其余两种(P<0.01)。研究表明,绿萝对光照具有最强的利用能力,且能在高CO_2浓度且干旱的环境里健康生长,并能对室内环境起到较强的增湿效应,是西北地区冬季较为理想的室内植物。 相似文献
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Aetiology of Rhizoctonia in sheath blight of maize in Sichuan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rhizoctonia isolates obtained from maize grown in commercial fields in 33 representative counties (or cities) in Sichuan province in China were characterized according to colony morphology, hyphal anastomosis and pathogenicity. Of 141 isolates, 116 were identified as R. solani , 23 as R. zeae and two as binucleate Rhizoctonia . The isolates of R. solani were assigned to four anastomosis groups (AG): AG-1-IA (101 isolates, accounting for 71.6% of the total), AG-1-IB (2, 1.4%), AG-4 (9, 6.4%) and AG-5 (4, 2.8%). The two isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia belonged to AG-K. On maize, isolates of AG-1-IA caused typical sheath blight symptoms. Lesions produced by isolates of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were darker than those of AG-1-IA. Rhizoctonia zeae usually caused discontinuous lesions with a dark brown margin and a brown centre on the leaf sheaths, as well as ear rot. Isolates of AG-1-IA were the most virulent to maize, with an average lesion length of approximately 15 cm. Isolates of R. zeae produced lesions approximately 12 cm long, while those of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were progressively shorter. On potato dextrose agar (PDA; pH 6.4), the minimum temperature for mycelial growth of R. zeae isolates was 14–18°C, the maximum 38–40°C and optimum 30°C. Isolates of R. zeae did not grow on PDA (28°C) at pH 2.0, the optimum for growth being pH 6.4. 相似文献
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甘肃省马铃薯区试产量数据的AMMI模型分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究利用AMMI模型对2007-2008年甘肃省马铃薯品种区域试验中的10个马铃薯品种、7个试点进行综合评价,分析10个马铃薯品种的稳定性及丰产性,以及7个试点的鉴别力.结果表明:各品种的稳定性大小为L0206-6＞ L0227-17＞ L0227-18＞天2008-8-2＞富薯3号＞CK＞ 34-126＞98-6-2＞35-62＞陇薯6号,其中L0206-6,98-6-2品种的稳定性最强,陇薯6号的稳定性较差;L0227-17,L0206-6,L0227-18以及天2008-8-2的产量最高,98-6-2品种的产量最低.各个试点的鉴别力也具有差异性,各试点的鉴别力顺序为天水＞会川＞安定＞静宁＞临夏＞秦王川＞宕昌,其中天水地区对品种的选择性最高,宕昌地区对品种的鉴别力低.AMMI模型中的主成分值,共解释总互作平方和的93％,比线性回归模型能更有效地分析基因与环境互作效应. 相似文献
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Solarization of soil in piles for the control of Meloidogyne incognita in olive nurseries in southern Spain 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The potential of solarization to control Meloidogyne incognita in piles of soil used at olive nurseries in southern Spain was studied in 1999 and 2000. Kaolin and soil infested with free eggs and egg masses of the nematode in nylon bags were buried 20 and 40 cm deep inside conical piles of soil 80 cm high and with a base diameter of 1 m. Soil piles were solarized for 3 weeks in July and August. The effect of various periods of solarization was assessed by egg hatch bioassays in sterile water, and by infectivity to tomato plants. Maximum soil temperature at 20 cm depth in solarized piles was 47·4°C in 1999 and 48·2°C in 2000, compared with 32·9°C and 31·7°C in nonsolarized piles. Solarization reduced egg hatch by > 95% compared with nonsolarized samples, irrespective of type, burial depth and location of inocula in a soil pile. Egg hatch of egg mass-infested samples buried at 20 cm depth was higher than that of free eggs buried at the same depth. The differential effect associated with burial depth and type of inoculum was not found in solarized piles. In nonsolarized piles, hatch of free eggs from samples buried at 40 cm depth was higher than that from samples buried at 20 cm depth. Egg hatch in samples from solarized piles was lower than that from nonsolarized piles. A bioassay of tomato plants in 2000 confirmed the reduction in infectivity of free eggs buried in solarized soil piles. Under the conditions in southern Spain, solarization of 40 cm-high piles of soil for 3 weeks can therefore be used for the control of root-knot nematodes in potting soil for olive nursery production. 相似文献
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Arrebola FJ Egea-González FJ Moreno M Fernández-Gutiérrez A Hernández-Torres ME Martínez-Vidal JL 《Pest management science》2001,57(7):645-652
The reduction in residue levels of endosulfan with time after treatment of tomatoes, green beans, peppers and cucumbers grown in different types of commercial greenhouses (flat- and asymmetric-roof greenhouses) in Almería (Spain) was investigated. A study of the major and minor degradation products of endosulfan in peppers and cucumbers (endosulfan-sulfate, -ether and -lactone) was carried out using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). To establish the influence of environmental conditions on the degradation of endosulfan, several field trials have been carried out in which crops were sprayed at different rates (full, half- and quarter- of those rates recommended) during two seasons (spring and winter). For statistical purposes, the disappearance of endosulfan with time was considered to follow a pseudo-first-order reaction. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been applied to the results obtained. Half-lives of residue disappearance were 4.03-4.68 days in green beans, 4.03-4.20 days in tomatoes, 8.22 days in peppers and 7.97 days in cucumbers. Half-lives in spring were shorter than in the winter season. The application rate and the type of greenhouse did not influence the half-lives. 相似文献
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2010年夏季内蒙古干旱高温成因分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2010年夏季内蒙古降水为1961年以来最少,气温为1961年以来最高,异常的高温少雨使得干旱加重。文中利用数理统计方法,分析造成其原因主要有以下几个方面:850hPa中低纬度偏南气流极弱,不利于南支水汽向北输送;500hPa中高纬度高压脊控制着内蒙古地区,不利于降水而利于高温;在太平洋上,30°N-45°N海表温度偏高,使其上空500hPa太平洋中部大槽偏弱,影响日本海高压的建立和稳定,不利于内蒙古降水;南海夏季风极弱,且8月下旬夏季风北边缘才到达华北,形成整个夏季内蒙古降水少的严重形势。 相似文献
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明确一代黏虫Mythimna separata (Walker)的迁入路径和各发生区域间的虫源关系,对二代幼虫的有效防控具有重要意义。本研究选取西北地区黏虫重发的典型年份2021年,收集多地黏虫时空种群动态数据,采用FNL再分析数据资料绘制风场图,利用基于WRF模式的轨迹模型对迁飞轨迹进行模拟,并使用R 4.0.2进行轨迹的可视化。虫情监测表明,2021年一代黏虫迁飞高峰期主要集中在6月上中旬,中西部地区高峰期呈多峰现象,蛾峰日期随纬度升高依次推迟。风场分析显示,一代黏虫北迁期间,华北、东北和西北地区受东北气旋、蒙古气旋和东亚气旋交替控制,适于黏虫远距离迁飞的偏南气流间歇性出现,但很难实现一次性远距离迁飞,锋面天气阻碍了黏虫的北迁,并造成聚集降落。轨迹分析结果表明,黄淮、江淮地区一代黏虫羽化后,部分滞留当地,大部分迁入华北、东北和西北地区,东西部地区存在虫源交流;宁夏、陕西、内蒙古等西北地区重发生区虫源主要来自山西、陕西、甘肃南部和四川、重庆北部等地。本文研究结果可为黏虫的监测和防控提供新思路。 相似文献
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青藏高原高寒绿洲景观格局特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
借助遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)等手段,运用生态学原理对青海香日德绿洲进行景观格局特征分析。结果表明,香日德绿洲景观多样性指数和均匀性指数分别为1.634和0.8397,均处于中等水平。研究区景观优势度不高,但是耕地、林地、未利用土地仍占有较高的景观比例,尤其耕地,不但景观比例大而且随着移民的不断涌入还有增长趋势;研究区景观分离度最大的是交通用地,最小的是耕地,表明耕地分散程度最小,交通用地最大。区域景观破碎度最大的是耕地和林地,最小的是交通用地和水域,说明耕地被分割程度最大,水域和交通用地最小。分维数指数最大的是居民及工矿用地,最小的是耕地,即居民点及工矿用地形状最不规则,受人为干扰最小,相反耕地形状最为规则,受人为干扰最大。 相似文献
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2002年我国小麦条锈病发生回顾 总被引：58，自引：2，他引：56
2002年小麦条锈病是继 1950年、1964年和 1990年后在全国范围内又一次大流行 ,其发生面积近 670万hm2,损失小麦约 10亿kg。发生区域涉及甘、陕、川、渝、云、贵、宁、鄂、豫、鲁、冀等 11个省 (市 )区。 2001年冬季和2002年春季气候适宜 ,以条中 32号小种为代表的毒性菌系的发展 ,使我国绝大部分主栽小麦品种不抗病 ,出现了条锈病发生早、发展快和发生重等特点 ,促成了 2002年我国小麦条锈病的流行。尽管 2002年条锈病发生范围广 ,但损失少于 1990年。提出了以品种抗病性利用及小麦抗病性变异和病菌群体动态监测、药剂和农业防治相结合 ,病害发生流行预测预报和条锈菌菌源基地治理为主的持续治理策略。 相似文献