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1.
兰花褐斑病菌(Acidovorax cattleyae,Ac)是一种严重为害兰花的检疫性有害生物。根据Lep A基因序列设计特异性引物和探针,利用可视化基因芯片技术,建立了Ac的基因芯片检测方法。测试结果显示,供试的3株兰花褐斑病菌菌株均为阳性,其他19株对照菌株为阴性。菌体DNA的检测灵敏度可达到450 fg,是常规PCR的100倍;人工模拟感染兰花样品的检测灵敏度为1.6×10~3 CFU。可视化基因芯片检测技术的强特异性,高灵敏度,易操作性和低成本特点适合口岸一线和基层实验室开展兰花褐斑病菌的快速检测。 相似文献
2.
为准确检测水稻白叶枯病菌、细菌性条斑病菌及这两种病菌的复合发生,利用软件DNAStar分析比较这两种菌的部分核酸序列,设计了检测这两种病菌的特异性引物。引物Xoo F-Xoo R能特异性扩增出水稻白叶枯病菌中一条大小162 bp的条带;引物Xooc F1-Xooc R1和Xooc F2-Xooc R2能够分别特异性扩增出水稻细菌性条斑病菌中690 bp和945 bp的条带。通过优化PCR反应条件,成功建立了多重PCR技术,可以对不同国家的水稻白叶枯病菌和细菌性条斑病菌进行准确检测,对由这两种病菌引起的复合侵染实现了准确诊断。 相似文献
3.
4.
利用双重PCR-DHPLC技术检测水稻细菌性谷枯病菌的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究建立了一种应用双重PCR结合变性高效液相色谱技术(polymerase chain reaction-denatured high performanceliquid chromatography,PCR-DHPLC)检测水稻细菌性谷枯病菌的方法。根据水稻细菌性谷枯病菌ITS序列(internal tran-scribed spacer)和gyrB基因序列,设计两对特异性PCR检测引物,对水稻细菌性谷枯病菌株和非水稻细菌性谷枯病菌株分别进行PCR-DHPLC及双重PCR-DHPLC检测,同时进行检测灵敏度及阳性菌株的同源性分析。结果显示,PCR-DHPLC检测的特异性强,灵敏度为菌浓度4×102cfu/mL,7株水稻细菌性谷枯病菌PCR产物同源性一致。该方法能简便、灵敏、高特异性地对水稻细菌性谷枯病菌进行高通量的自动化检测。 相似文献
5.
利用双重PCR技术快速检测水稻细菌性谷枯病菌 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据水稻细菌性谷枯病ITS和gyrB基因,设计两对特异性PCR检测引物,建立了水稻细菌性谷枯病菌的双重PCR检测方法。用该方法对水稻细菌性谷枯病菌和其它植物源性细菌进行双重PCR扩增及灵敏度测试,并对采自不同地区的水稻样本进行水稻细菌性谷枯病菌的检测。结果显示,双重PCR方法能特异性地检测出8株水稻细菌性谷枯病菌,可从含水稻细菌性谷枯病菌浓度为102cfu/mL的菌液中检测出该病菌;采用该方法对我国不同地区的水稻材料进行检测,并未发现水稻细菌性谷枯病菌。 相似文献
6.
近年来水稻发生了一种由菠萝泛菌Pantoea ananatis引起的新型细菌病害，其发生时期与白叶枯病相近，病症与白叶枯病类似。为了实现该病害与白叶枯病的快速检测，本研究基于泛菌属看家基因acnA,通过序列比对，设计了22对特异性引物，分别与已知的白叶枯病菌检测引物XOO80进行配对并筛选，建立了一种双重PCR检测方法，可从菠萝泛菌和白叶枯病菌中分别扩增出910 bp和162 bp的特异性条带，而其他10种非目标细菌均未有扩增条带，25μL体系中可稳定地从至少1 pg/μL的基因组DNA模板中扩增出特异性条带。本研究建立的菠萝泛菌与水稻白叶枯病菌双重PCR检测方法具有良好的特异性和灵敏度，为水稻细菌病害病原鉴定及防治提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
7.
对水稻中多种病原细菌的检测,使用常规方法往往耗时耗力,而多重PCR可以更加高效地进行多种细菌的检测。根据水稻细菌性谷枯病菌gyrB基因,水稻细菌性叶鞘褐腐病菌PfsI/R quorum sensing 位点以及水稻细菌性条斑病菌和水稻白叶枯病菌含铁细胞接受因子基因设计引物,建立4种水稻病菌的多重PCR检测方法,对方法进行特异性和灵敏度测试,并对采自不同地区的水稻样本进行检测。结果显示,多重PCR方法能同步地快速检测出水稻细菌性谷枯病菌、水稻细菌性叶鞘褐腐病菌、水稻细菌性条斑病菌或水稻白叶枯病菌,检测灵敏度达到103 cfu/mL的菌液浓度,利用该方法对我国不同地区的58份水稻种子进行检测,其中17个样本检测出水稻细菌性条斑病菌或水稻白叶枯病菌,未检测到水稻细菌性谷枯病菌和水稻细菌性叶鞘褐腐病菌。 相似文献
8.
《植物检疫》2015,(6)
本研究根据向日葵白锈病菌大亚基核糖体RNA基因序列,向日葵黑茎病菌的ITS-5.8S r RNA基因序列,分别设计特异性DPO(dual priming oligonucleotide)引物,建立同时检测这两种检疫性病菌的多重DPO-PCR检测方法,并对其特异性和灵敏度进行评价。结果表明,所设计的DPO引物特异性强,仅向日葵白锈病菌和向日葵黑茎病菌可分别扩增出307 bp与388 bp的特异性条带,其他参照菌株及阴性对照均无条带;检测体系对混合模板中向日葵白锈病菌和向日葵黑茎病菌的DNA灵敏度均达0.05 ng/μL;且该检测方法对退火温度不敏感,适用范围广。该方法能够准确、快速的检测向日葵白锈病菌和向日葵黑茎病菌,适合于口岸实验室的快速检测。 相似文献
9.
本研究分别针对我国进境植物检疫性有害生物水稻细菌性谷枯病菌及水稻白叶枯病菌建立了光RPA检测方法，并对其灵敏度、特异性以及对实际种子样本的检测能力进行了测试评价。结果表明，本研究建立的两种方法均能够在20 min内特异性检测到目标菌株，对水稻细菌性谷枯病菌(Burkholderia glumae)菌液的检测下限达到了11.4 CFU/反应，DNA检测下限达到了4.83×10-5ng/反应；对水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae)菌液的检测下限达到了4.42 CFU/反应，DNA检测下限达到了3.83×10-4ng/反应。两种方法均能够成功应用于带菌种子样品的快速检测。 相似文献
10.
利用TaqMan探针检测水稻细菌性谷枯病菌 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用TaqMan探针建立了水稻细菌性谷枯病菌(Burkholderia glumae)实时荧光PCR检测方法。根据水稻细菌性谷枯病菌gyrB基因,设计并合成特异性引物和探针,对8株不同来源水稻细菌性谷枯病菌和其他同属或同寄主的参试菌株进行了检测。结果显示,该方法检测的特异性强,灵敏度可达菌悬液浓度102cfu/mL,该方法快速、简便、准确,适用于出入境检验检疫及种子健康检测领域。利用该方法对国内采集的83份水稻材料进行了检查,未发现阳性结果。 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
15.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
16.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献
17.
L. Blommers H. Helsen F. Vaal 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1988,94(2):95-103
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed. 相似文献
18.
Paul W. J. Taylor Rebecca Ford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):127-133
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection
in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However,
where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas.
Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based
on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences
in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes
is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult
for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs
to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for
each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within
populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes. 相似文献
19.
F. K. Crutcher M. A. Henry‐Gregory H. H. Wilkinson S. E. Duke T. Wheeler C. M. Kenerley 《Plant pathology》2018,67(4):839-847
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population. 相似文献
20.
H. A. Van Hoof H. Huttinga A. Knaap H. P. Maas Geesteranus W. H. M. Mosch D. G. J. De Raay-Wieringa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(3):87-98
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten. 相似文献