共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
认识和理解水稻产量影响要素是实现水稻高产稳产的关键。选取冬水田、垄作免耕和常规水旱轮作3种处理,采用相关分析、主成分分析与主成分多元线性回归3种方法对水稻产量与成熟期根、茎、叶、籽粒碳同位素组成,根系特征以及养分的响应关系进行比较与综合分析。结果表明不同耕作模式下垄作免耕的水稻产量最高,根、茎、叶、籽粒的碳同位素组成与水稻产量有极显著的负相关关系(P0.01);主成分分析提取的6个主成分累计贡献率超过80%;主成分多元线性回归模型能够解释冬水田、垄作免耕和常规水旱轮作水稻产量67%、73%和97%的变异;与常规水旱轮作相比,冬水田和垄作免耕水稻产量与碳同位素组成及磷的关系更密切。该研究表明,垄作免耕具有较好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
2.
近30年我国典型水稻土肥力演变特征 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
3.
长期不同施肥下杂交稻与常规稻的产量与土壤养分平衡 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
肥料长期定位试验设在浙江金华市农业科学研究所和金华市石门农场。试验设6个肥料处理和2个品种对比处理。结果表明,水稻产量与土壤养分供应能力和养分吸收量紧密相关;缺肥处理的土壤养分为负值,其它各处理N和P都有积累。随着连续种植水稻,缺肥区土壤所缺养分的耗损速度与试验前土壤该种养分状况和种植水稻品种有关;杂交稻的总产量平均比常规稻增加10.8%,氮、磷、钾总量分别平均比常规稻增加5.2%、8.8%、12.8%,对土壤中养分消耗比常规稻强。在种植水稻的养分管理中,必须考虑种植前的土壤养分状况以及施肥和种植不同水稻品种对土壤养分平衡的中长期效应。 相似文献
4.
稻田冬种绿肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
为探讨冬季种植绿肥作物改良土壤的生态作用, 以冬闲连作为对照, 通过连续8年的定位试验研究了冬种绿肥(紫云英、油菜和黑麦草)收获后翻压还田对后作水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明: 连续8年冬种绿肥期间, 冬种绿肥各处理的水稻平均产量均高于冬闲对照, 但不同处理增产效果有所不同, 其中紫云英 早稻 晚稻处理增产效果最明显, 为10.48%, 其次是油菜 早稻 晚稻处理(7.31%), 黑麦草 早稻 晚稻处理的增产效果较差, 仅为5.76%。紫云英 早稻 晚稻处理的土壤pH和碱解氮含量最高, 与其他处理相比, pH增加0.58%~1.37%, 碱解氮增加6.59%~35.35%。黑麦草 早稻 晚稻处理的土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量和C/N在各处理中最高, 分别较其他处理高2.99%~4.98%、19.25%~31.05%、16.97%~22.15%和0.97%~6.61%。相关性分析结果表明, 水稻产量与每穗颖花数、结实率、千粒重及土壤碱解氮、有效磷极显著相关(P<0.01), 与每穗粒数、有机质、速效钾显著相关(P<0.05), 而与穗长、有效穗数及土壤pH和C/N相关不显著; 水稻产量各构成要素与土壤养分之间的关系极为密切。综合来看, 稻田冬种绿肥有利于增加水稻产量和改善土壤肥力。 相似文献
5.
长期稻油轮作改良土壤结构提高水稻产量 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为研究长期稻稻、稻稻油不同轮作条件下土壤结构、土壤养分与水稻产量的关系。本文对经30年稻稻油(DDY)与稻稻(DDF)轮作的土壤养分、土壤质地和水稻产量进行研究。结果表明:长期稻稻油轮作土壤pH值、有机质、全氮含量均低于稻稻轮作,土壤全钾含量高于稻稻轮作;长期稻稻油轮作土壤伊利石含量低于稻稻轮作,而高岭石含量高于稻稻轮作,表明长期稻稻油轮作能提高土壤风化程度,促进土壤养分元素的释放;Clay:SOC值能较好表征土壤结构状况,且与SOC呈较好线性关系,长期稻稻油轮作土壤Clay:SOC值均低于稻稻轮作;长期稻稻轮作水稻年均产量为14346 kg hm~(-2),长期稻稻油轮作水稻年均产量为15254 kg hm~(-2),年均增产6.3%。因此,长期稻稻油轮作能显著改良耕层土壤结构,促进土壤养分元素的释放及水稻的氮肥利用率,从而显著提高水稻籽粒产量。 相似文献
6.
不同肥料结构对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
不同的肥料结构对水稻产量、土壤肥力影响较大。同本地的肥料结构模式相比：不施肥的水稻产量和土壤养分下降较大；单施化肥的水稻产量和土壤养分下降，作物抗病性减弱；增施有机肥的水稻产量和土壤养分提高，作物抗病性增强。 相似文献
7.
边界线法解析冀中南麦区基础地力产量的土壤养分影响因子 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基础地力产量是表征土壤生产能力的重要指标,对基础地力产量及土壤养分影响因子的研究可为河北省中南部冬小麦产区地力提升及增产提供指导和理论依据。该文利用河北省2006—2013年测土配方施肥项目布置的876个示范试验数据,研究了河北中南部冬小麦基础地力产量、产量差及基础地力贡献率,利用边界线分析方法,将农田土壤养分因子对基础地力产量差的贡献率进行了定量化,解析了土壤养分影响因子。结果表明:河北冬小麦基础地力产量在1 080～7 404 kg/hm~2之间;以最高产量为参照,各试验点的基础地力产量差为69～6 324 kg/hm~2(平均值为2 831 kg/hm~2)。基础地力对农户产量的贡献率均值为71.1%,基础地力贡献率随基础地力产量的增加而提高,呈显著正相关关系,基础地力小麦产量每提高1 000 kg/hm~2,基础地力贡献率提高8%。应用边界线分析方法对土壤养分因子与基础地力产量进行分析,土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾5种土壤养分因子与边界点均有较好的拟合关系(R2分别为0.837、0.881、0.750、0.682和0.951),土壤基础养分对基础地力产量差的贡献率以有机质、pH值和碱解氮最高,分别为16.6%、10.9%和10.5%,速效钾和有效磷的贡献率分别为4.1%和2.9%,河北省农田土壤培肥时应优先提升有机质与碱解氮,并优先调节土壤pH。河北省冬小麦田土壤在pH值8.1、有机质24.6 g/kg、碱解氮120.6 mg/kg、有效磷12.4 mg/kg、速效钾89 mg/kg时养分效率最高,是农田土壤最优养分目标。边界线方法能够对区域尺度基础地力产量土壤养分影响因子进行分析,可为农田土壤培肥指明方向。 相似文献
8.
南方耕作土壤酸化问题普遍,探明酸性土壤施用石灰石粉对紫云英产量与养分截获的影响,为紫云英轻简化高产高效栽培提供依据。盆栽试验条件下,在强酸性水稻土和酸性红壤上分别设7个水平的石灰石粉改良剂施用量。每盆装土2 kg,石灰石粉用量分别为0(CK)、0.267 g/盆(T1)、0.534 g/盆(T2)、0.801 g/盆(T3)、1.068 g/盆(T4)、1.335 g/盆(T5)、1.602 g/盆(T6)(折算为0、600、1200、1800、2400、3000、3600 kg/hm2)。盛花期测定紫云英产量、养分截获、土壤pH值及交换性酸。结果表明,与CK相比,水稻土施用石灰石粉的紫云英鲜草产量增幅为41.5%～122.8%,产量随施用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,红壤增幅为175.2%～989.1%,增产效果随施用量的提高呈递增趋势,两种土壤分别以T4与T6处理鲜草产量最高,与CK差异显著;水稻土施用石灰石粉氮素截获量增幅为147.5%～614.7%,红壤氮素截获量增幅为285.7%～1316.8%。水稻土施用石灰石粉后土壤pH值较CK增长1.5%～5.1%,交换性铝含量降幅为7.3%～55.9%,红壤施用石灰石粉pH值比CK增长3.4%～18.8%,交换性铝含量降幅为32.3%～95.4%;红壤施用石灰石粉后鲜草及干草产量与土壤pH值呈极显著正相关关系。酸化土壤是限制紫云英产量与养分截获提升的重要的因素。在红壤和水稻土上施用石灰石粉能提高紫云英的产量、养分截获、土壤pH值,降低土壤交换性铝含量。相同用量下,在酸性红壤上的改良效果优于强酸性水稻土。强酸性水稻土与酸性红壤施用石灰石粉后土壤pH值分别为4.66和7.05时,紫云英鲜草和干草产量最高。 相似文献
9.
【目的】水稻专家推荐系统早期版本没有区分水稻种植类型，有时会降低推荐的精准性。我们优化并建立了基于不同种植类型水稻的产量反应和农学效率的水稻推荐施肥方法，并采用大量田间试验验证了其普遍性和可行性。【方法】收集汇总来自于国际植物营养研究所中国项目部、团队研究以及公开发表的多年多点水稻田间试验，建立产量和养分吸收数据库。采用QUEFTS模型分析不同种植类型水稻养分吸收特征，建立水稻产量反应和农学效率的内在联系，构建施肥模型，开发水稻养分专家系统。于2013—2020年在水稻主产区8个省份开展了452个田间试验对系统进行校正和改进。每个试验包括6个处理：水稻养分专家系统推荐施肥(NE)、农民习惯施肥(FP)、土壤测试施肥(ST)以及基于NE的不施氮、不施磷和不施钾处理。调查了水稻产量、经济效益、养分回收率和肥料农学效率。【结果】QUEFTS模型分析的水稻产量与养分吸收关系结果显示，生产1 t籽粒产量地上部所需氮、磷和钾养分一季稻分别为14.2、3.9和14.3 kg，早、中、晚稻分别为16.9、3.3、20.9 kg。我国水稻主产区施用氮、磷和钾肥的平均产量反应一季稻分别为3.1、1.1和1... 相似文献
10.
为干旱河谷地区的植被恢复和生物多样性的保育提供科学依据,运用数量排序方法DCCA,就岷江干旱河谷调查的植被和环境数据进行排序分析,研究该地区植物群落分布与环境梯度之间的关系,并用主成分分析法,研究该地区灌丛地上生物量与环境因子之间的关系。DCCA排序结果表明,该地区植被的分布是土壤水分、土壤养分和微地形三者综合作用的结果;主成分分析结果表明,影响灌丛群落地上生物量的第1主成分中,土壤pH值、速效P、全N、有机质含量和坡向的影响较大,影响灌丛群落地上生物量的第2主成分因子,主要是土壤含水量和海拔,第3主成分因子,主要是土壤速效K,第4主成分因子,主要是地形中的坡度因子。灌丛地上生物量,也受土壤养分、水分、地形三者共同的影响和作用。 相似文献
11.
Nutrient Composition and Distance from Point Placement to the Plant Affect Rice Growth 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Point placement of urea is an efficient technology to improve urea use efficiency in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.), but it is largely unknown how nutrient composition in the point placement and the distance from placement site to the plant influence rice root distribution and growth, nutrient uptake, and rice grain yield. A controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted using both N-and P-deficient soil with point placement of N only or N and P together (N + P) at a distance close to or far from the plant, in comparison to an N-spilt application and a no-N control. Both nutrient composition and distance significantly affected rice root growth. Compared with the N point placement, the N + P point placement led to smaller root length and mass densities, higher specific root length (SRL) around the placement site, smaller root system, higher straw mass and grain yield, and higher N and P uptake. The difference between the N + P and N point placements was greater when close to the plant than when far from the plant. It is suggested that higher SRL around the placement site is essential for improving nutrient uptake and rice grain yield, and simultaneous point placement of N and P has a synergistic effect on rice growth. 相似文献
12.
西南稻区杂交中稻产量的地域差异及其高效施氮量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提高西南稻区水稻施氮效率,2009年以杂交中稻Ⅱ优7号和渝香优203为材料,在西南稻区4省（市）的7个生态点采用相同的试验方案,研究了试验点的地理位置、土壤养分、施氮量对水稻产量、穗粒结构及氮高效施用量的影响。结果表明,除品种间的最高苗数和有效穗差异不显著外,产量及其穗粒结构在品种间、试验地点间及施氮水平间达显著或极显著差异水平;有效穗、穗粒数、结实率和千粒重对产量的偏相关系数达显著或极显著水平,增加有效穗和提高结实率是西南地区提高水稻产量的主攻目标,而实现的途径是增施有机肥和提高土壤有效氮含量。经逐步回归分析, 杂交中稻的氮高效施用量与试验所处的地理位置和土壤养分呈极显著线性关系,决定系数为0.9995～0.9999。可作为制定各地水稻高产高效的氮肥施肥量的科学依据。 相似文献
13.
Jing XIANG Van Ryan HADEN Shaobing PENG Bas A. M. BOUMAN Romeo M. VISPERAS Lixiao NIE Jianliang HUANG Kehui CUI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(5):705-714
A yield decline and increase in soil pH under continuous cropping of aerobic rice have been reported in previous studies. However, the underlying mechanisms governing the poor growth and low yield of aerobic rice following an increase in soil pH are unknown. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of soil acidification on the soil nutrient availability, plant nutrition and growth of aerobic rice grown in continuously cropped aerobic soil. Two pot experiments were conducted using soil from a field where aerobic rice had been grown for 13 consecutive seasons. Soil was acidified by adding 50–300 mL of 0.05 mol L–1 sulfuric acid to 3.0 kg of air-dried soil to achieve a range of soil pH levels. Rice was grown aerobically with N rates of 0–1.2 g per pot using urea or ammonium sulfate. Soil chemical properties were measured as were leaf nutrient concentrations, plant growth parameters, and the above-ground N uptake. A 5.5-fold and 1.5-fold increase in soil ammonium and nitrate were observed, respectively, after adding sulfuric acid. Plant growth and N uptake improved significantly with soil acidification, regardless of N rates or N sources, and were associated with an improvement in plant N nutrition. The application of N had greater positive effects on plant growth and N uptake than soil acidification. The growth response to soil acidification reduced as the rate of N application increased. These results suggest that the yield decline of continuous aerobic rice is probably associated with a reduction in soil N availability and plant N uptake as a result of a gradual increase in soil pH. 相似文献
14.
不同施氮水平下水稻的养分吸收、转运及土壤氮素平衡 总被引：19，自引：7，他引：12
【目的】为解决东北地区水稻合理施用氮肥问题,系统研究了不同施氮水平条件下,东北水稻产量及构成因素、养分吸收、转运、氮肥利用效率及土壤氮素平衡的变化,并探讨各养分间及其与产量间的关系,为东北地区水稻合理施氮提供理论基础。【方法】于2012~2013年在吉林省松原市前郭县红光农场,选用当地主栽水稻品种富优135和吉粳511为材料,设置施N 0、60、120、180和240 kg/hm25个水平。于水稻返青期、分蘖期、抽穗期、灌浆期及成熟期采集植株样本,分为茎鞘、叶片和籽粒三部分,测定氮、磷、钾含量,计算水稻主要生育期植株养分吸收、转运、氮素利用特性的相关参数及各养分吸收、转运与产量间的关系。水稻移栽前和收获后采集0—100 cm土壤样品,每20 cm为一层(共5层),测定铵态氮、硝态氮含量,并根据各层土壤容重计算0—100 cm土体无机氮积累量,分析土壤氮素平衡状况。【结果】施氮量60~180 kg/hm2范围内,水稻产量随着施氮水平的提高而增加,氮肥用量超过180 kg/hm2水稻产量下降。结合当年水稻和肥料价格,根据水稻产量(y)和施氮量(x)拟合方程,得出最高产量氮肥用量分别为212.8 kg/hm2和220.6 kg/hm2,施氮范围在202.2~231.6 kg/hm2之间,最佳经济产量氮肥用量分别为203.0和209.1 kg/hm2,施氮范围在192.9~219.6 kg/hm2之间。施用氮肥可显著提高水稻主要生育期氮、磷、钾吸收量,且能提高水稻抽穗期氮、磷、钾养分向籽粒的转运,施氮量180 kg/hm2处理抽穗期各养分累积量与籽粒转运量呈正比,当氮肥用量超过180 kg/hm2后,氮、磷、钾养分向籽粒转运出现负效应。氮素农学利用率和偏生产力随着施氮水平的提高而显著下降,氮肥当季回收率以施氮量180 kg/hm2处理最高。相关分析表明,水稻主要生育期氮、磷、钾的吸收、转运与产量间均存在显著或极显著的正相关性,其中灌浆期氮、磷、钾的吸收状况与产量间的相关系数最大。施用氮肥可显著提高收获后0—100 cm土壤中残留无机氮(Nmin),氮素表观损失量随施氮水平的提高而增加。【结论】适宜的氮肥用量可显著提高水稻产量,各生育时期养分吸收总量,提高水稻生育后期秸秆中氮、磷、钾向籽粒的转运量,并能降低土壤氮素表观损失量。综合考虑提高水稻产量、效益、氮肥当季回收率及维持土壤氮素平衡等因素,在本试验条件下,施氮范围在192.9~219.6 kg/hm2。 相似文献
15.
L. Rabeharisoa O. R. Razanakoto M.‐P. Razafimanantsoa T. Rakotoson F. Amery E. Smolders 《Soil Use and Management》2012,28(4):448-456
Irrigated rice is less prone generally to phosphorus (P) deficiency than rainfed rice because redox reactions release P upon soil flooding. It is not known whether that is also true in highly weathered soils of Madagascar where the combination of high soil Fe and low P input may impede significant release of P. Soils and flag leaf samples were collected in 2010 in 38 irrigated rice and 46 rainfed rice fields belonging to private farmers. A critical flag leaf P content was derived from a P‐dosed pot trial study with three soils, and the results suggested 2.4 g P/kg as the critical value. Average flag leaf P was significantly larger in irrigated than in rainfed rice (2.2 compared with 1.7 g P/kg), and flag leaf P was below the critical value in 76% of irrigated rice fields while this fraction was 100% in rainfed rice. Nitrogen and K deficiencies were less prevalent. Flag leaf P increased with increasing soil pH and soil pH explained partially differences in leaf P between irrigated and rainfed rice. Flag leaf P was unrelated to soil organic matter, but increased with oxalate‐extractable soil P (Po). Multiple regression analysis revealed greater leaf P at equal soil Po and equal pH in irrigated compared with rainfed rice. Grain yield estimates (1‐m2 squares) increased with flag leaf P but not with leaf N and K. In a regression model, about 42 % of the yield variance was explained with soil Po and a rice‐growing system. The survey suggests that P is the main limiting nutrient for rice, and that soil P bioavailability is larger for irrigated than for rainfed rice in weathered soils of Madagascar. 相似文献
16.
Rice production and cyanobacterial N in acid soil can be improved by liming. There is evidence that the organic amendments can increase the soil pH. The aim of this study was to find appropriate combination of soil amendments and cyanobacteria capable for enhancing nutrient uptake and improving rice yield in acidic paddy soil. Three soil amendments (rice straw, sewage‐sludge composts, NPK) with and without inoculation of cyanobacteria were studied for rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) in a pot experiment. The sludge compost had significantly reduced soil acidity from 5.44 to 6.67. The plant N and K uptake increased significantly with sludge and cyanobacteria application. The yield components increased significantly with sludge, but decreased thereafter, an exception was the number of panicles, with straw compost. These characters were also significantly affected by inoculation with cyanobacteria except 100‐grain weight, filled‐grain percentage, and harvest index. The combination of sludge compost and cyanobacteria improved the yield components and consequently grain yield (138 g pot–1) compared with sludge treatment only (132 g pot–1). The amount of cyanobacterial N absorbed (N‐difference method) by rice plant under sludge compost was higher than that of soils amended with either rice straw or NPK treatments. Therefore, the addition of sewage sludge to acid paddy soil not only amended the soil properties but also activated the cyanobacteria and consequently improved rice plant nutrition and grain yield. 相似文献
17.
生化抑制剂组合与施肥模式对黄泥田水稻养分累积及利用率的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
添加生化抑制剂是提高水稻肥料利用率的有效途径之一,本研究结合不同施肥模式探讨其节肥增效的养分利用特征,以期寻找适合黄泥田地区水稻高产高效的施用方式。采用二因素随机区组设计,研究生化抑制剂[脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)和N-丙基硫代磷酰三胺(NPPT)及硝化抑制剂2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶(CP)]组合与施肥模式(一次性和分次施肥)互作对黄泥田水稻养分吸收、利用和分配的影响,并探讨各养分间及其与产量的相互关系。结果表明:生化抑制剂组合和施肥模式对水稻主要生育期N、P、K累积、转运和分配的影响均存在一定的互作效应,互作条件下各生育期养分间吸收存在协同效应。尿素分次施用处理水稻成熟期N、P、K吸收量较一次性施用处理分别提高11.0%、0.9%、4.2%;氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率分别显著提高27.5%、70.8%。不同施肥模式下,配施抑制剂组合(NBPT、NPPT/+CP)显著增加水稻N、P、K吸收量,促进抽穗后干物质生产和N素积累,提高籽粒中的养分分配及N素利用效率。新型脲酶抑制剂NPPT单独施用及与CP配施的水稻养分吸收和利用与NBPT相似。相关分析表明,不同施肥模式下水稻成熟期N、P、K吸收量与籽粒产量均呈极显著正相关。总之,通过施肥技术和抑制剂配施的集成与优化,有利于抽穗后N、P、K的吸收、转运,促进养分积累,大幅度同步提高黄泥田水稻的产量和养分利用效率。 相似文献
18.
Soil nutrient status and yield of rice as affected by long-term integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient balance is the key component to increase crop yields. Excess and imbalanced use of nutrients has caused nutrient mining from the soil and deteriorated crop productivity and ultimately soil health. Replenishment of these nutrients has a direct impact on soil health and crop productivity. Based on this fact, the present research was conducted to determine the effects of long-term integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil nutrient status and yield (grain and straw) in rice. Different combinations of inorganic nitrogen (N) and organic sources (sewage sludge and compost) were applied to the soil. Data revealed that application of mineral NPK in combination with 50% N through compost significantly increased the organic matter content (0.36%), available phosphorus (16.50 kg/ha) and available potassium content (239.80 kg/ha) in soil. The maximum available N (225.12 kg/ha) was found by the substitution of 50% N through sewage sludge. This improvement in soil nutrient status through combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers produced significant increase in grain and straw yield as compared to inorganic fertilizers alone. Maximum grain (6.96 t/ha) and straw (8.56 t/ha) yields were found in treatment having substitution of 50% N (recommended) through compost @10t/ha. Also, a significant positive correlation was found between soil nutrients and straw and grain yield in rice. Thus the study demonstrated that substitution of 50% inorganic N through compost will be a good alternative for improving soil fertility. 相似文献
19.
稻秆与紫云英联合还田提高黄泥田氮素利用率和土壤肥力 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
[目的]稻秆与紫云英为南方稻田培肥的重要有机肥源.研究福建黄泥田稻秆、紫云英联合还田与化肥不同比例配施对水稻产量、养分吸收利用及土壤肥力的影响,旨在为该区域中低产田改良培肥及化肥替代提供依据.[方法]开展连续4年的田间定位试验,在等氮投入条件下,设置稻秆、紫云英联合还田与化肥不同配比6个处理,稻秆与紫云英二者氮素投入总... 相似文献
20.
猪粪与牛粪有机肥对水稻产量、养分吸收利用和 土壤肥力的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用连续5年田间定位试验,研究了等量单独施用猪粪或牛粪有机肥以及有机肥与化学肥料配施对水稻产量、氮磷钾养分吸收累积及利用效率、土壤养分含量及其与产量等关系的影响。结果表明:猪粪有机肥施用(7.5t/hm~2+常量化肥、15 t/hm~2+1/2常量化肥和30 t/hm~2+无化肥)时水稻产量、干物质累积、氮磷累积及生理利用效率与常量化肥处理相比无显著差异;牛粪有机肥与化肥减量配施和单独施用时,尽管氮、磷和钾生理利用效率有所提高,但水稻产量、地上部氮、磷和钾累积量均有不同程度下降,且以单独施用时尤为明显。等量猪粪有机肥对土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量以及pH的提升程度大于牛粪有机肥,有机质含量无明显差异;与猪粪有机肥相比,牛粪有机肥施用时土壤养分各指标与水稻产量、干物质累积量、氮磷钾累积量以及利用效率间的相关性更为明显,其中与产量、干物质累积量和氮磷钾累积量极显著负相关,与氮磷钾生理利用效率显著正相关。因此,等量猪粪有机肥和牛粪有机肥的肥效存在较大差异,在实际生产中应根据不同源有机肥特性进行调节施用。 相似文献