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1.
Jim Miller Bruce Beasley Craig Drury Frank Larney Xiying Hao 《Compost science & utilization》2016,24(1):54-60
The influence of annual applications of composted (CM) or stockpiled (SM) beef feedlot manure with straw (ST) or wood-chip (WD) bedding on cation exchange capacity (CEC) of a clay loam soil in southern Alberta was examined after 1, 8, and 15 years. The hypotheses in our study were that soil CEC should be greater for amended than unamended soils; manure type and bedding should have no effect on soil CEC; and soil CEC should increase with greater manure application rate. After fifteen applications, the CEC was significantly greater for amended than unamended soils. Manure type had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on soil CEC after fifteen applications, and the mean soil CEC was 5% greater for WD than ST. Mean CEC was significantly greater by 7 to 12% for the 77 than the 13 and the 39 Mg ha?1 rates after fifteen applications. The soil CEC was increased by 0.061 cmolc kg?1 for a unit increase in application rate (Mg dry wt. ha?1 yr?1), and 96% of the variation in CEC for amended soils could be explained by application rate. Overall, bedding, rate, or adjusting both bedding type and manure rate (but not manure type), may be possible practices for feedlot producers to manage soil CEC. 相似文献
2.
Feedlots in southern Alberta apply composted (CM) or stockpiled (SM) manure with straw (ST) or wood-chip (WD) bedding to cropland, but few studies have examined the effect of manure type and bedding material on carbon composition of these feedlot amendments prior to land application using solid-state 13C NMR-DPMAS (nuclear magnetic resonance-direct polarization, magic angle spinning). The particulate organic matter fraction was extracted from four amendment treatments (CM-ST, CM-WD, SM-ST, SM-WD) to avoid possible paramagnetic interference from considerable mineral soil in the manure from the unpaved feedlot. The hypothesis was that O-alkyl C of POM should be lower for more decomposed manure types (CM than SM) and bedding materials (ST than WD), and that alkyl C, aromatic C, carboxyl C, aromaticity, and alkyl:O-alkyl (A:O-A) ratio should be greater for the more decomposed amendments. The C composition of all feedlot amendments was dominated by aromatic C (8%–14%) and O-alkyl (7%–14%) C and had considerable less contribution from carboxyl (2%–4%) and alkyl C (1%–3%). The manure type hypothesis was supported for O-alkyl C (but not for the other three C groups), aromaticity, but not the A:O-A ratio. The bedding hypothesis was supported for O-alkyl C, aromaticity, and A:O-A ratio, but not for alkyl C, aromatic C, and carboxyl C. A decrease in O-alkyl C, increase in aromaticity, and increase in A:O-A ratio (bedding only) with more decomposed manure types or bedding materials suggested that these 13C NMR parameters may have potential to evaluate the maturity and stability of composted feedlot manures. 相似文献
3.
J. J. Miller B. W. Beasley C. F. Drury F. J. Larney X. Hao 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(2):57-67
ABSTRACTLand application of composted feedlot manure (CM) instead of stockpiled manure (SM) at increasing application rates to cropland, or use of wood-chip (WD) instead of straw (ST) bedding, may influence the nitrogen (N) balance and cause N surpluses. This could result in environmental losses of N to the atmosphere, surface, or ground waters. We determined the influence of manure type, bedding material, and application rate (13, 39, 77 Mg ha?1 dry wt.) on cumulative N inputs, outputs, and N balance (aboveground system) for a long-term (since 1998) field experiment where manure had been repeatedly applied for 2, 7, and 12 yr. The annual N inputs considered were N in organic amendments or inorganic fertilizer (IN), and N in irrigation water. The annual N outputs considered were N in crop uptake, NH3 volatilization, and N2O gaseous loss. After 12 applications, cumulative N deficits occurred for the unamended control (?1140 kg N ha?1) and IN treatment (?678 kg N ha?1), and cumulative N surpluses were found for the organic amendments (689 to 12,200 kg N ha?1). Manure type, bedding, and application rate influenced the N balance for the three timelines but their effects often involved two- or three-way interactions. The N balance after 7 and 12 applications was significantly lower for CM-WD treatment compared to CM-ST, SM-ST, and SM-WD at the 39 and 77 Mg ha?1 rates, suggesting that composted manure with wood chips might be used to reduce cumulative N surplus at these two higher rates in the longer term. 相似文献
4.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):911-932
Summary A simple, single‐step extraction with LiEDTA for the estimation of CEC and exchangeable bases in soils has been developed. Multivalent cations are stripped from the soil adsorption sites by the strongly chelating agent EDTA, and are replaced by Li. In soils without CaCO3 or water soluble salts, exchangeable divalent cations (Ca, Mg) are chelated by EDTA and exchangeable monovalent cations (Na, K) are replaced in a single extraction step using 0.25–2.5 g of soil and 10.0 ml of extractant. In calcareous soils the CEC can be determined in the same way, but for the extraction of exchangeable Ca and Mg, another separate extraction is needed because dissolution of calcite by EDTA is unavoidable. This extraction is done with as much NaEDTA as needed to extract only exchangeable Ca and Mg in a 1:2 (m/V) soil/alkaline‐50% (V/V) aethanolic solution to minimize dissolution of calcite. In gypsiferous soils gypsum is transformed into insoluble BaSO4 and soluble CaEDTA by LiBaEDTA thus avoiding interference of Ca from dissolution of gypsum, which renders the traditional methods for determining CEC unsuitable for such soils. To determine exchangeable Ca and Mg, Na4EDTA is used as for calcareous soils. In saline/sodic soils replacement of Na by Li is incomplete but the Na/Li‐ratio at the complex after extraction is proportional to the molar Na/Li‐ratio in the extracts, so that the CEC and original exchangeable sodium (ESP) content can be calculated. Additional analysis of Cl and, if necessary, SO4 in the extracts of saline soils can be used to correct for the effect of dissolution of the salts on the sum of exchangeable cations. This new method is as convenient as the recently developed AgTU (silverthiourea), but is better suitable for calcareous and gypsiferous soils. 相似文献
5.
《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(2):773-782
In semi‐arid Mediterranean soils, water availability is the most limiting factor, negatively affecting the organic matter (OM) degradation. The aim of this work is to study under controlled laboratory conditions how three sources of OM [municipal solid waste (MSW), sheep manure (SM) and cow manure (CM)] behave when they are applied to an agricultural soil subjected to a severe year‐long drought. In order to apply the same concentration of OM to the soil (16·92 Mg OM ha−1), 2 kg of soil was mixed with 30, 67·41 and 55·25 Mg ha−1 (dry matter) of MSW, CM and SM, respectively. Two levels of irrigation were employed: (i) watered soils and (ii) non‐watered soils. Soil's chemical properties [water soluble carbon (WSC), humic acids, fulvic acids and protein mass distribution], biological properties (soil microbial biomass carbon and o‐diphenoloxidase activity) and solid‐state 13C cross‐polarisation magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were determined. In watered soils, the soil microbial biomass carbon was higher in the SM than in CM and MSW treatments (9·9% and 23·1%, respectively). The WSC was significantly higher in SM than in CM (55·7%) and MSW (78·7%) treatments. A decrease in the content of O‐alkyl C and an increase in alkyl C, aromatic C and carboxyl C were observed. In non‐watered soils, the biochemical properties and alkyl C and alkyl/O‐alkyl ratio decreased, whereas WSC content and O‐alkyl C increased. These results indicated that the evolution of OM and the activity of the microbial community in non‐watered soils were very different to those in the watered soils. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Rhizophere and bulk soil chemistry were investigated in a Norway spruce stand in SW Sweden. The rhizosphere and bulk soil chemistry in water extracts in control plots (C) and plots repeatedly treated with ammonium sulphate (NS) were compared. Treatment regime was started in 1988. Cylindrical core samples of the LFH-layer and mineral soil layers were collected in 1992 and used for water extract analyses. Samples of soil from LFH-layer and mineral soil layers were taken in 1991 and 1993 for determination of CEC and base saturation. Soil pH and NH4-N, NO3-N and SO4-S, Al, Ca, K and Mg concentrations in water extracts were measured for rhizosphere and bulk soils. The pH-values of bulk and rhizosphere soils in NS plots decreased compared with those in control plots, whereas concentrations of NH4-N, NO3-N, SO4-S, base cations and Al in water extract increased. In both bulk and rhizosphere soils the concentration of NH4-N was much higher than that of NO3-N. A significant difference in the pH and Mg concentration of bulk and rhizosphere soil between the treated and control plots was found only in the 0–10 cm layer. For all layers, there was a significant difference in NH4-N concentrations in the bulk and rhizosphere soil between the NS treatment and control plots. Concentrations of exchangeable base cations and the base saturation level in the LFH-layer decreased in the NS plots. The concentration of extractable SO4-S increased in the NS plots. The NS treatment enhanced the amount of litter in L-layer, owing to increases in needle biomass and litterfall but led to losses of base cations, mainly K and Mg, from LFH-layer. It was concluded that the NS treatment displaced cations from exchangeable sites in the LFH-layer leading to higher concentrations of these elements in both rhizosphere and bulk soil. 相似文献
7.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5-6):789-799
Abstract The effects of irrigating with saline water on native soil fertility and nutrient relationships are not well understood. In a laboratory experiment, we determined the extent of indigenous nutrient [calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn)] release in salt-saturated soils. Soils were saturated with 0, 75, and 150 mmolc L?1 sodium chloride (NaCl) solution and incubated for 1, 5, 10, and 15 days. The saturation extracts were analyzed for pH, ECe, and water‐soluble Ca, Mg, K, Mn, and Zn, and the remainder soil samples were analyzed for exchangeable forms of these elements. In a subexperiment, three soil types (masa, red‐yellow, and andosol) were saturated individually either with 100 mmolc L?1 of NaCl, sodium nitrate (NaNO3), or sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) salt. These salts were also compared for nutrient release. Soils treated with NaCl released higher amounts of water‐soluble than exchangeable nutrients. Except for Zn, the average concentrations of these nutrients in the soil solution increased significantly with time of incubation, but concentrations of the exchangeable forms varied inversely with time of incubation. The masa soil exhibited the highest concentrations of Ca and Mg, whereas K was highest in andosol. The extract from soils treated with NaCl contained greater amounts of soluble cations, whereas soils treated with Na2SO4 produced the lowest concentration of these elements irrespective of the type of soil used. 相似文献
8.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):739-753
Abstract The relationship between water soluble and exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, Na, and K) was investigated for surface horizons of 195 soils including many taxonomic categories and a wide range in physical and chemical properties from around the world. This will provide information on exchangeable soil cation solubility for use in estimating plant uptake and leaching potential. Amounts of water soluble and exchangeable cations were not consistently related (r2 of 0.50, 0.08, 0.77, and 0.49 for Ca, Mg, Na, and K). High correlations were biased by high water soluble and exchangeable cation levels of a few soils that had 3.8‐ and 2.5‐fold greater mean than median values. The ratio of exchangeable to water soluble cations was closely related to cation saturation (r2 of 0.87, 0.95, 0.95, and 0.93 for Ca, Mg, Na, and K, respectively). As the degree of saturation of the exchange complex by a certain cation increased, solubility Increased. A change in saturation had less effect on K than on Na, Mg, and Ca solubility. Only exchangeable soil cations (NH4OAc extractable) are routinely measured and reported in soil survey reports, thus, water soluble levels may be determined from cation saturation. This will allow estimation of the amounts of cation that can potentially move in solution through the soil or be taken up by plants. Use of cation saturation, in addition to exchangeable content, will better characterize soil cation availability by representing quantity, intensity, and buffer factors. 相似文献
9.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9-10):827-841
Abstract The effect of soil pH on the exchangeability and solubility of soil cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K, and NH4‐N) and anions (NO3‐N, Cl, and P) was investigated for 80 soils, spanning a wide range in physical and chemical properties and taxonomic groups. This information is needed from environmental and agronomic standpoints to estimate the effect of changes in soil pH on leachability and plant availability of soil nutrients. Soils were incubated with varying amounts of acid (H2SO4) and base (CaCO3) for up to 30 days. Although acid and base amendments had no consistent effect on cation exchangeability (as determined by neutral NH4OAc), amounts of water‐soluble Ca, Mg, Na, K, NH4‐N, and P decreased, while NO3‐N and Cl increased with an increase in soil pH. The increase in cation solubility was attributed to an increase in the negative charge of the soil surface associated with the base addition. The change in surface electrostatic potential had the opposite effect on amounts of NO3‐N and Cl in solution, with increases in N mineralization with increasing soil pH also contributing to the greater amount of NO3‐N in solution. The decrease in P solubility was attributed to changes in the solubility of Fe‐, A1‐, and Ca‐P complexes. The logarithm of the amount of water‐soluble cation or anion was a linear function of soil pH. The slope of this relationship was closely related (R2 = = 0.90 ‐ 0.96) to clay content, initial soil pH, and size of the cation or anion pool maintaining solution concentration. Although the degree in soil pH buffering increased with length of incubation, no effect of time on the relationship between cation or anion solubility and pH was observed except for NO3‐N, due to N mineralization. A change in soil pH brought about by acid rain, fertilizer, and lime inputs, thus, affects cation and anion solubility. The impact of these changes on cation and anion leachability and plant availability may be assessed using the regression equations developed. 相似文献
10.
Leaching of sulphate and cations from horizon samples of two acid sulphate soils (0.9 to 1.6% S in subsoil) was studied in the laboratory. Samples were incubated and eluted with water at 20 °C and 5 °C until apparent exhaustion of leachable S resources. The leachates were analyzed for pH, SO4-S, Fe, Al, Mn, K, Ca, Mg, and Na. Oxidation of sulphide was retarded at the lower temperature. From all the originally water-logged samples the sulphate formed was initially washed out with base cations (mainly with Mg), but the proportion of acid counter ions (predominantly Al) increased with proceeding oxidation and acid formation. In the most acid leachates, pH was 2.6 to 2.8. In the transition layer between reduced and oxidized horizons, sulphide oxidation had been going on for some time, and acid cations were the main counter ions for sulphate already at the beginning of the experiment. In the totally oxidized surface horizons, sulphate was leached only in moderate quantities, and the sum of cation equivalents (mainly base species) exceeded that of sulphate, suggesting some removal of other anions. Leaching losses in the laboratory experiment, corresponding to drainage-induced loading of waters in field experiments during the course of many decades, point out the environmental danger associated with deep drainage of potentially acid sulphate soils. 相似文献
11.
Following 13‐year treatments of soil pH and nitrogen (N) source in a peach orchard of North Carolina, the concentration of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in leaves, shoots, trunks and roots, as well as soil pH, soil exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K content, were determined. Through liming, higher soil pH treatment enhanced soil Ca and tissue Ca level. Among six N sources examined, the highest values of soil pH and soil Ca, Mg, and K were detected following poultry manure application. Compared to ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4], calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] increased soil pH and soil Ca and K content, but reduced soil Mg. For most of macronutrients examined in peach tissues, the highest levels were found in manure treatment. Mineral N sources containing Ca(NO3)2 resulted in high tissue Ca and low tissue N. In the above‐ground tissues, Mg concentration was relatively low following application of mineral N materials containing Ca, K, or sodium (Na). Acid‐ forming N, especially (NH4)2SO4, reduced tissue Ca and P. The magnitude of impact of liming and N source on macronutrients was tissue‐type dependent, with leaves and other new growth the most sensitive ones while trunks seldom responded to the treatments. 相似文献
12.
13.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):967-977
Animal manures contain significant amounts of plant-available nutrients which could increase crop yields. They also contain heavy metals which may be exported outside soil systems by plants, animal and surface and underground water following application to soils. The effect of some animal manures on rice yield and extractability of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) were determined in fours soils with different properties. The manures were applied at the rate of 100Mg ha?1, and rice was grown for two consecutive seasons. In the second of the two seasons, rice yield and yield components were determined. Immediately after the second season rice harvest, soils were sampled and analyzed for DTPA extractable Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu. Averaged across the soils, the level of extractable Fe increased by between 5% in chicken manure (PM) and 71% in cattle manure (CM); Zn by between 312% in CM and 871% in swine manure (SM); Mn by between 61% in PM and 172% in SM and Cu by between 327% in PM and 978% in SM. Mixing these manures before application reduced the level of extractable trace elements. Although there was increased yield following application, the results of this study indicated a possible risk of trace element export to the environment within a year, if high levels of the manures are applied. 相似文献
14.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(13-14):1819-1832
Abstract Despite the increasing prevalence of salinity worldwide, the measurement of exchangeable cation concentrations in saline soils remains problematic. Two soil types (Mollisol and Vertisol) were equilibrated with a range of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) solutions at various ionic strengths. The concentrations of exchangeable cations were then determined using several different types of methods, and the measured exchangeable cation concentrations were compared to reference values. At low ionic strength (low salinity), the concentration of exchangeable cations can be accurately estimated from the total soil extractable cations. In saline soils, however, the presence of soluble salts in the soil solution precludes the use of this method. Leaching of the soil with a prewash solution (such as alcohol) was found to effectively remove the soluble salts from the soil, thus allowing the accurate measurement of the effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC). However, the dilution associated with this prewashing increased the exchangeable calcium (Ca) concentrations while simultaneously decreasing exchangeable sodium (Na). In contrast, when calculated as the difference between the total extractable cations and the soil solution cations, good correlations were found between the calculated exchangeable cation concentrations and the reference values for both Na (Mollisol: y=0.873x and Vertisol: y=0.960x) and Ca (Mollisol: y=0.901x and Vertisol: y=1.05x). Therefore, for soils with a soil solution ionic strength greater than 50 mM (electrical conductivity of 4 dS/m) (in which exchangeable cation concentrations are overestimated by the assumption they can be estimated as the total extractable cations), concentrations can be calculated as the difference between total extractable cations and soluble cations. 相似文献
15.
淹水添加有机物料改良退化设施蔬菜地土壤 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
设施蔬菜种植易引起土壤酸化和次生盐渍化及土传疾病的发生,严重影响蔬菜生产的可持续发展,亟需发展快速有效改良退化土壤的方法和技术。通过盆栽试验,比较研究了稻草、黑麦草和鸡粪用量分别为1%、3%和7%时,淹水15 d改良退化设施蔬菜地土壤的效果。结果表明,与不淹水不加有机物料处理(CKd)和淹水不加有机物料处理(CKf)相比,淹水添加有机物料加速土壤Eh的下降,能有效消除土壤积累的硝态氮,降低硫酸根含量,显著提高土壤pH,其变化幅度随有机物料添加量的增加而增大。退化设施蔬菜地土壤改良后,除稻草和鸡粪添加量为7%处理外,各有机物料处理黄瓜长势和产量均高于CKd和CKf处理。有机物料对退化土壤的改良效果表现为黑麦草稻草鸡粪,而有机物料添加量增大,并不显著改善黄瓜长势和提高产量。 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11):1139-1152
Abstract An experiment was carried under controlled conditions to investigate the influence of the anions, H2PO4 ‐. and Cl on the ionic equilibria, selectivity and effective diffusion of Rb, K, Na, Ca, Mg in two Indiana soils. Additon of anions to the soils increased the concentration of cations in soil solution. In both the soils receiving H2PO4 ‐, lower cation concentrations were found in the soil solution than in those receiving Cl‐ . Additon of H2PO4 ‐and Cl‐ reduced the ion selectivity coefficient, k, for various homovalent (Rb/K, Rb/Na, K/Na, Ca/Mg) and mono‐divalent ion pairs (Rb/Ca, Rb/Mg, K/Ca, K/Mg). In Zanesville soil treatments receiving H2PO4 ‐ had lower k values for mono‐divalent cations than treatments receiving Cl‐. However, no such conclusions could be drawn for Raub soil. Soils treated with H2PO4 ‐ had higher k values for homovalent cations than Cl‐ treated soils. The differences in the selectivity of adsorption in these two soils might be attributable to the differences in the type and nature of exchange materials and cation concentrations on the exchange phase. Addition of H2PO4 ‐ or Cl‐ enhanced the magnitude of effective diffusion coefficient. (De) of all the cations under considerations. The magnitude of effective diffusion coefficient for cations was lower for H2PO4 ‐ treated soils than Cl‐ treated soils. Such a reduction in De is related to the reduction in cation concentration in soil solution thereby increasing the buffer capacity for the ions under consideration. 相似文献
17.
The rates of extraction of Na, K, Mg, Ca, and Al with 1M NH4 NO3 from the mineral-and organic-rich layers of some Park Grass (Rothamsted) soils were measured at the pH of the soil. Below pH 3.7 exchangeable Al, derived from the kinetics curve, increases with decreasing soil pH and is less in the organic-rich layer. The sum of the basic exchangeable cations, ∑(Na + K + Mg + Ca), increases with increasing soil pH and is more in the organic-rich layer. The extraction of exchangeable Al obeys first order kinetics, the rate constant being similar for all the soils (mean value 36 ± 7 × 10?6|s?1), which implies that exchangeable Al is released from surfaces with similar properties for the adsorption of Al, and that the rate is not affected by soil pH and organic matter. The rate of extraction of non-exchangeable Al is the same in the mineral-and organic-rich layers of each soil, and is maximal at about pH 3.7, decreasing sharply at more and less acid pH values. 相似文献
18.
David Parker Dave Venhaus Clay Robinson Thomas Marek John Sweeten 《Compost science & utilization》2018,26(2):79-90
About 7 million beef cattle are raised annually in the Texas High Plains, producing 16 million Mg of manure, which is land-applied as raw manure (RM) to crops. An interest in aerobic composting prompted a 2-year field study with the primary objective of evaluating corn (Zea mays L.) yield and soil fertility for RM as compared to composted manure (CM). The four treatments (TRT) consisted of low-rate composted manure (CM-L), high-rate composted manure (CM-H), RM, and inorganic fertilizer (IN). All four TRT received equal plant—available N by supplementing the RM and CM with IN. Yield was measured by both machine-harvesting and hand-harvesting methods. Machine-harvested yield was similar among TRT for both years. Hand-harvested yield was lower for IN than RM in the first year, with similar yields among TRT in the second year. Due to drought, yields were considerably lower in the second year for all TRT. After 2 years, CM-H had higher soil P, K, Zn, and organic carbon concentrations than IN, with no differences among TRT for soil NO3-N, pH, or electrical conductivity. Both CM and RM provided beneficial nutrients for corn production and improving soil fertility. Land application of CM and RM provides long-term benefits to soil health and sustainability in the Texas High Plains region. 相似文献
19.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15):1816-1831
The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the yield and nutritional characteristics of aromatic rice as influenced by organic versus mineral fertilization. Aromatic rice was grown on four levels of cattle manure (CM; 5, 10, 15, and 20 Mg ha?1). Other treatments were equivalent amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in different levels of manure fertilizer and mineral fertilizer. After 6 years of cropping, organically managed plots were superior to mineral-fertilized plots in terms of grain yields of rice at 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha?1. Cattle manure at 20 Mg ha?1 and its equivalent NPK through mineral-fertilizer treatment provided 41.1% and 37.9% increases in average grain yield (5.2 and 5.1 Mg ha?1) over the unamended control. Protein content was greater in mineral-fertilized rice grains at all levels of CM. Soil dehydrogenase, β-glucosidae, urease, and acid phosphatase activities were greater in soil treated with CM than soil treated with the corresponding mineral fertilizer at all levels. There was buildup of soil-available N, K, and iron (Fe) in soils treated with CM. Grain hardness increased with increasing rates of nutrient application for both mineral-fertilized and organically grown rice; in contrast, amylose content was lower in treatments receiving more nutrients, irrespective of nutrient sources. In terms of functional property, phenol content in rice grain increased with increasing nutrient supply. Potassium and Fe contents were more in CM-treated rice than in mineral-fertilized treatments at greater rates of application. Results suggest that after building up the soil nutrient status, comparable yield and better nutritional and functional qualities of rice can be achieved in organically managed soils than in mineral-fertilized soils. 相似文献
20.
连续施用鸡粪对露地黄瓜产量、品质和土壤性质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2