首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) compost from aerobic or anaerobic bioprocesses was evaluated as components of substrates for potted plant production. Experiments were conducted with potted media consisting of MSW compost mixed with other conventional substrates (peat or composted pine bark). Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and cress (Lepidium sativum L.) were used to evaluate the biological quality of composts. Higher germination rates of spring barley were obtained when MSW compost from aerobic treatment was employed as compared with MSW compost from the anaerobic bioprocess. Improved biological indices were observed when MSW composts were mixed with composted pine bark rather than with peat. Mixtures of 75% aerobic MSW compost and 25% composted pine bark were more favorable for cress growth than peat as sole substrate.  相似文献   

2.
The suitability as growing media of composts made from pine bark or pine bark cocomposted with goat manure or sewage sludge and either inoculated or not inoculated with effective microorganisms, was evaluated under greenhouse conditions with and without fertilization using cabbage as the test crop. The treatments were replicated three times and arranged in a randomized complete block design in a fibre glass covered greenhouse. Cabbage seedlings were grown in cavity trays for five weeks, after which plants were harvested and fresh and dry weights determined. Samples were also analyzed for N, P, K and selected heavy metal concentrations. Results revealed that pine bark-goat manure cocomposts supported good seedling growth and could thus be good substitutes for pine bark alone as a growing medium where goat manure or similar manures are available. The results also showed that despite the superior nutritional value of these alternative growing media, nutrient supplementation may still be necessary where seedlings are kept in the nursery for extended periods due to nutrient exhaustion through plant uptake and leaching. Pine bark-sewage sludge compost also had positive effects on seedling growth but could only be recommended as a growing medium for nonfood plants because its composting did not reach the thermophillic temperatures necessary for adequate pathogen kill. Inoculation with effective microorganisms improved seedling growth in sewage sludge and goat manure based composts but the mechanisms involved remain to be established.  相似文献   

3.
Four containerized deciduous ornamental shrubs [deutzia (Deutzia gracilis L.), silverleaf dogwood (Cornus alba ‘Elegantissima’), red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.), and ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius L.)] were grown during each of two separate growing seasons using 12 different immature (nonaged) composts as media (year one, 12 weeks from start of windrowing; year two, 16-weeks) and also two control nursery mixes (100 percent ground pine bark; and 80:15:5 by volume of pine bark:sphagnum peat:top soil). The compost formulations (volume basis) consisted of spent mushroom substrate (50 percent), waxed corrugated cardboard, 0 percent, 25 percent, or 50 percent), and/or pulverized wood wastes (50 percent, 25 percent, and 0 percent). Supplemental N was added to some composts as poultry manure (18 kg·m?3), soybean wastes (24·kg·m?3), or both at the same application rates. Despite the immaturity of the compost media and the presence of high initial contents of soluble salts primarily from the spent mushroom substrate (EC ≤6.4 dS·m?1, 1:1 v/v medium:water extracts), the top dry weight (averaged over two seasons) of each of the four species grown in compost media, regardless of waxed corrugated cardboard (WCC) level, exceeded that obtained in 100 percent pine bark. Compared with the 0 percent WCC compost, plants of all four species grew better in 25 percent and/or 50 percent WCC compost media and growth in these treatments was more (silverleaf dogwood), similar (deutzia and red-osier dogwood), or less than (ninebark) that in the 80:15:5 nursery mix. Rapid leaching of the potentially toxic soluble salts from the containerized compost media within days after planting minimized any adverse effects on the plants. There was no difference in foliar concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn due to WCC level, or to the N supplements which had little or no effect on growth. The foliar contents of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Co, and Pb) were low and/or below detection limits.  相似文献   

4.
Seeds of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) were sown in Speedling trays filled with mixtures (v:v) of 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 percent sugarcane filtercake compost (a natural waste by-product of sugarcane processing mills; bagasse) and a peat-lite medium. Seeds sown in 100 percent compost resulted in lower total percent germination, but similar mean days to emergence (MDE), seedling heights, and shoot weights and lower root weights than the control (100 percent peat-lite medium). Media amended with 25, 50 or 75 percent compost resulted in similar total percent emergence, (MDE) and root weights, but taller seedlings with heavier shoots than the control. SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter readings, and leaf N, Ca and Zn contents were higher for seedlings produced in compost amended media than in 100 percent peat-lite medium. The results suggest that compost derived from sugarcane filtercake can be successfully utilized as an amended medium for citrus seedling rootstock production.  相似文献   

5.
We germinated and grew tomato, pepper, lettuce, and marigold seedlings in a standard commercial soilless plant growth medium (Metro-Mix 360), and in coir/perlite and peat/perlite-based container media substituted with 10% or 20%, by volume, of vermicompost derived from pig manure or food wastes. Half of the treatments were watered with liquid inorganic fertilizer while the other half received only water. Germination rates of tomato, pepper, lettuce, and marigold seeds in the coir/perlite mixture did not differ significantly from that in Metro-Mix 360. However, the germination rate of tomato, pepper and lettuce seedlings was very low in the peat/perlite mixture. Substituting some of the peat/perlite mixtures with equal amounts of vermicomposts, particularly pig manure vermicompost, enhanced germination rates greatly, making it comparable to that in the commercial medium (Metro-Mix 360). Pepper, lettuce, and marigold seedlings grown in Metro-Mix 360, which already contains a starter nutrient fertilizer in its formulation, had greater root and shoot dry weights than those grown in the control media (coir/perlite mix and peat/perlite mix). Substituting coir/perlite and peat/perlite mixtures with 10% or 20% of either vermicompost enhanced the growth of seedlings significantly, resulting in an overall plant growth as good as and sometimes better than that in Metro-Mix 360. When the plants were provided daily with a complete fertilizer solution, marigold seedlings in peat-based substrate with 20% pig waste vermicompost, and lettuce seedlings in both coir and peat-based substrates, mixed with 20% food wastes vermicompost, produced greater shoot dry weights than those grown in the commercial potting medium. The growth enhancements tended to be greater in peat/perlite-based mixes than in coir/perlite-based mixes, more so with the addition of pig manure vermicompost than with food waste vermicompost. Earthworm-processed pig manure and food wastes would be suitable materials for inclusion into the formulation of soilless potting media, since substitution of these media with relatively low concentrations of vermicomposts can promote plant growth.  相似文献   

6.
The use of biosolids compost, in the formulation of media used in the commercial production of container grown nursery crops, has been slow in the Northeast region of the United States. When biosolids compost is used in growing media, it is limited to small percentages. Regulations in Connecticut restrict the use of most biosolids compost to growing media for containerized ornamental plants and landfill cover. Information on the benefits of using biosolids compost, to grow a wide range of plant species in containers, could increase usage by nurseries. Seven species of flowering annuals, nine species of herbaceous perennials and eight species of woody ornamentals were grown in media containing 0, 25, 50, and 100 percent (by volume) biosolids compost, in combination with a mixture of bark, peat and sand. Biosolids compost came from the Metropolitan District Corporation (MDC) facility in Hartford, Connecticut. It was a mixture of wood chips and digested biosolids (3:1 by volume). Optimal plant growth generally occurred in media containing 50 and 100 percent compost. Plants growing in media high in compost were often somewhat stunted and chlorotic for several weeks after planting probably due to higher levels of salinity and ammonium nitrogen in their media. However, by the middle of the growing season these plants had recovered and at season's end, they were often superior to plants grown in media with less compost. Increasing proportions of compost generally increased the amounts of plant nutrients and heavy metals in media while decreasing air filled pore space. All heavy metal concentrations were below levels of concern.  相似文献   

7.
An experiment was conducted to determine the possibility of using organic materials for the honeydew melon seedling production. Honeydew melon was grown in nine media with different rates of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), vermicompost (VC), cattle manure compost (CaMC), and coconut fiber (CF). Element sulfur was also added to mixtures at a rate of 1.0 g kg?1 substrate. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results determined that all media had desirable physical properties. At the same rates of SMS and VC, CF supported better growth of seedling than CaMC. Seedlings treated with CF had higher morphological growth parameters. It is suggested that CF should be used as an additive for media of SMS and VC. The study clearly indicated that the growing medium with 50% SMS, 30% VC, and 20% CF gave the best condition for honeydew melon seedlings.  相似文献   

8.
The use of compost with high salt concentration was evaluated, under commercial conditions, as a potential growing media constituent for vegetable transplant production. Two composts were prepared from sweet sorghum bagasse, pine bark, and either urea (compost A) or brewery sludge (compost B) as N source. Three vegetable species — broccoli (Brassica oleracea), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), and onion (Allium cepa) with different tolerance to salinity were used. Eleven substrates were formulated and tested: a control consisting of a moss peat-based commercial substrate; compost A; compost B; and, eight mixtures containing 33 or 67% by volume of each compost with either raw peat moss or commercial substrate as diluent. All the substrates prepared had suitable physical, physicochemical and chemical properties for use as growing media, except for the electrical conductivity (ranging from 3.20 to 13.21 dS m?1) which was above the reference levels for soilless cultivation. Broccoli was the least affected by substrate salinity whilst tomato was the most. Onion transplants had an intermediate response to saline conditions. Tomato seed germination was markedly reduced when compost A, with a higher salt concentration, was used at a rate higher than 67%. Media prepared with either of the composts, and mixed with either a commercial substrate or peat in a rate up to 67%, did not cause any detrimental effect on the growth and nutritional status of broccoli, tomato and onion transplants, despite the high initial salinity of the substrates. These composts appear to be acceptable substitutes for Sphagnum peat in seed sowing mixtures.  相似文献   

9.
This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of irrigation regime and potting media on morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of pot marigold. The experiment was arranged factorially based on a completely randomized design. The first factor was irrigation regime in three levels of 80, 60 and 40% available water content and the second factor was potting media in five levels of 20% vermicompost, 30% vermicompost, 20% manure compost, 30% manure compost and control (sand and soil in equal proportions). Morpho-physiological traits (plant height, stem diameter, number of flowering stem, root diameter, root length, root dry weight, aerial dry weight, total dry weight, relative water content, ionic stability and water use efficiency) and biochemical traits (malondialdehyde content, catalase and peroxidase activity, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents) were measured. Morpho-physiological parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid decreased under water deficit, while increased with application of vermicompost and manure compost. Also, lipid peroxidation, catalase and peroxidase activity enhanced under water deficit, while decreased with application of vermicompost and manure compost. In other words, the application of vermicompost and manure compost in potting media reduced the harmful effects of water deficit. Total dry mass and water use efficiency were about 3-fold higher in plants grown in 30% vermicompost or 30% manure compost substrate compared to those in control plants. The results suggest that the application of 30% manure compost could be recommended as suitable potting media due to reducing the negative effects of water shortages, helping to nourish the plant, cheapness and accessibility compared with 30% vermicompost.  相似文献   

10.
Waste management is an increasingly important problem in many developed countries and much effort is currently being expended into identifying novel uses for waste products. We consider the effects of substituting proportions of earthworm-digested composted green waste (vermicompost) into commercial peat based growing media on the germination, growth, and productivity of Helianthus annuus, Cosmos bipinnatus and Eschscholzia californica. The percentage germination, time to flowering, seed production, overall heights and biomass were measured for all three species in treatments of commercial peat based growing media where the growth medium was substituted with vermicompost at rates of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 100%. In addition, the total numbers of inflorescences was recorded in multiple flowering species. Results for Helianthus suggest that while vermicompost additions induced small species specific growth responses in germination rate, growth rate, overall height and total biomass, none were statistically significant. For Cosmos there was a significant increase in early plant growth rate and in the final flower numbers at substitution rates of 20% and 40% vermicompost. The total biomass and numbers of flowers produced by Eschscholzia was decreased significantly by substitution of 20% and 40% vermicompost. We conclude that the plant growth enhancement properties of this vermicompost seem more species specific than previously reported. Further, in order to preserve consumer confidence in waste-derived horticulture products, vermicompost marketing strategies should acknowledge these findings.  相似文献   

11.
Composts made from coffee processing residue (CFPR), source separated municipal solid waste (MSW), sewage sludge and wood chips (SSWC), and sewage sludge, wood ash, wood chips and leaves (SSACL) were examined as replacements for the peat, perlite and sand found in a conventional potting medium. The perennial flower Rudbeckia hirta L. ‘Goldilocks’ (Black-Eyed Susan) was grown in media composed of 0, 10, 25, 50, 80, and 100 (percent by vol) of each compost. Leachate from media containing 0, 25, 50, and 100% compost was tested for NO3-N and NH3-N + NH4-N to determine if compost would increase the potential for potting media to be a source of nitrate in surface and ground water. The effects of two mid season applications of liquid fertilizer on plant growth and nitrogen leaching were also examined.

Compared to a conventional medium without compost, differences in the growth of Rudbeckia in media with compost were few. Statistically significant decreases in growth occurred in media containing 80 and 100% CFPR, and 80% SSACL. None of the composts caused a statistically significant increase in growth. Leaching of nitrogen increased from media containing 100% CFPR, SSWC and SSACL compared to the medium with no compost. Media containing 25, 50, and 100% MSW leached less N the conventional medium. Liquid fertilizer did not significantly change the growth of Rudbeckia or the amount of nitrogen found in the leachate from any medium.  相似文献   

12.
This research was conducted to investigate the effects of different medium compositions on physicochemical properties and the growth of two tomato varieties. Five treatments were applied, combining medium composition with rice husk ash (RHS) and coconut fiber (CF) with the following proportions: 1/3 Peat moss + 1/3 rice husk ash + 1/3 coconut fiber (T1); 1/3 Vermicompost + 1/3 rice husk ash + 1/3 coconut fiber (T2); 1/3 Cattle manure compost + 1/3 rice husk ash + 1/3 coconut fiber (T3); 1/3 Chicken manure compost + 1/3 rice husk ash + 1/3 coconut fiber (T4); 1/3 Hog manure compost + 1/3 rice husk ash + 1/3 coconut fiber (T5). The results demonstrated that between pH, electrical conductivity (EC) value, and nutrient content in the media, there was a significant difference that led to different concentrations of total macro- and micronutrients in the shoots of both varieties. In addition, the root weight, shoot weight, and root volume were affected by medium composition for two varieties in seedling stage. A mixture of cattle manures composted with RHS and CF under the rate (1:1:1 by volume), respectively, gave the highest value of germination rate, plant height, leaf number, and plant biomass. Medium composition significantly influenced the germination rate and elongation of seedlings, specifically for each tomato variety. Therefore, cattle manure compost as a medium supplement improves seedling quality and growth of the two tomato varieties.  相似文献   

13.
In this study, the effect of various vermicompost substitutions (0, 25, 50, and 75%) was investigated on germination, growth and development, photosynthetic parameters, the essential oil content, and disease resistance of Thymus vulgaris. Results showed that 25% vermicompost substitution promoted the best seedling emergence indices, whereas maximum length, fresh and dry weight of aerial parts and root, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic efficiency, and the highest essential oil content were observed in 50% vermicompost substitution. Vermicompost was an effective biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora infestans. Suppression of pathogens by vermicompost was enhanced progressively with increasing rates of substitution of vermicompost, and the highest suppression obtained in 75% vermicompost substitution. The disease protection correlated to development of activities of defense-related enzymes including β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonialyase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, and total phenolics content. These results suggest the potential of vermicompost in promoting of plant yield as well as inducing systemic resistance in Thymus vulgaris.  相似文献   

14.
Physical and chemical properties of container media are important factors in controlling the supply and movement of water and nutrients for nursery plant growth. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the physical and chemical properties and quality of media formulated with systematic substitution of composted pine bark (bark) for sphagnum peat (peat) in the presence of sand. Ten formulations were prepared that contained 40-90% bark, 0-50% peat, and 10 or 20% sand by volume. Increasing the percentage of bark increased the percentage of coarse particles, and linearly decreased the medium-sized particles in media in either 10% or 20% sand. Increasing the percentage of bark in the media significantly decreased water holding capacity, whereas bulk and particle densities and total porosity were influenced by the interaction of bark x peat x sand. Increasing the percentage of bark increased electrical conductivity and total C, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn. Availability of nutrients were also increased by increasing percentages of bark. Substitution of bark for peat did not influence the pH of the formulated media. Our results suggest that formulated media with 70 to 80% composted pine bark and 10 to 20% peat (V/V) exhibited physical and chemical properties considered optimum for the growth of container nursery plant crops.  相似文献   

15.
A comparative study on the suitability of one compost and two vermicomposts, obtained from the same batch of tomato‐crop waste, as growth media for ornamental plant production was carried out. Each material was mixed with Sphagnum peat at 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, and 0 : 100 (peat control) proportions by volume. Two ornamentals (Calendula officinalis, Viola cornuta) were sown and grown in the 13 substrates. Substrates were characterized physically and chemically. Seed germination, total leaf chlorophyll (SPAD units), plant growth, and plant nutrient concentrations were determined. The compost and the vermicomposts were markedly different from peat. Compost and the vermicomposts had greater bulk density and lower total porosity than peat. Compost had larger aeration and lower water‐holding capacity than vermicomposts and peat. Compost and vermicomposts were alkaline (pH = 8.8 on average) whilst peat was acidic (pH = 5.9). Electrical conductivity was low in peat (0.23 dS m–1) and vermicomposts (0.65 dS m–1), and high in compost (2.85 dS m–1) due to the high concentrations of K+ and SO$ _4^{2-} $ . Mixing compost and vermicomposts with peat produced substrates with intermediate characteristics. Physical properties were within adequate range for all mixes except for the compost ones. pH was within adequate range only in pure peat, and salinity was extremely high in the compost mixes. Compost was phytotoxic, as shown by the strong reduction of seed germination, chlorophyll content, and plant growth of both ornamentals. Vermicomposts did not affect seed germination but reduced plant growth, though much less than compost. Mixing these materials with peat improved germination and growth. The diluted materials (compost at the 25 : 75 and vermicomposts at the 50 : 50 and 25 : 75 proportions) produced good‐quality plants.  相似文献   

16.
Synthetic aggregates (SA) were developed as alternative potting media for ornamental plant production. Four different types of SA were developed from low productive acidic soil and paper waste with adding different types of compost amendments. Compost amendments used in the experiment were cattle manure compost, chicken manure compost, and leaf manure compost. Popular ornamental plant french marigold (Tagetes patula) was used in this experiment. SA with different compost amendments gave considerable physical and chemical parameters compared to commercial zeolite media. Moreover, plant grown in SA media showed better growth and nutritional parameters compared to plant grown in zeolite media. The plant height, number of flowers per plant, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight and root dry weight obtained from three different compost based SA were increased by in the ranges of 8.14--14.41%, 5.66--9.46%, 25.52--31.47%, 9.44--16.13%, 6.14--9.23%, 2.40--8.47% and 8.85--17.05%, respectively, compared to zeolite control.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this research was to study the potential utilization of an alternative potting media developed from agricultural waste compost in combination with coir dust on the growth and development of leafy vegetable Ipomoea aquatica (L). Agricultural waste compost was prepared from poultry litter, sawdust, rice straw, gliricidia, and cow dung. Seven different potting media were prepared by mixing compost at the rates of 0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% with coir dust at the rate of 100%, 90%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0%, respectively. Developed potting media showed adequate physical and chemical properties for Ipomea aquatica cultivation. Crop yield showed significant differences among all treatments and treatment with 100% compost gave the best growth and yield parameters. The highest plant height, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight obtained from the 100% compost were increased by 2.70, 18.07, and 18.02 times in comparison to the 100% coir with chemical fertilizer control.  相似文献   

18.
番茄工厂化育苗木糖渣基质与肥料配比研究   总被引：28，自引：3，他引：25  
研究了以木糖渣为主料配合粉煤灰、煤渣与尿素、磷酸二氢钾、烘干鸡粪配成的不同基质对番茄幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：以６０％的木糖渣、３０％的煤灰、１０％的煤渣,每７２孔穴盘加尿素５ｇ,磷酸二氢钾５ｇ,鸡粪２０ｇ的配方做基质可代替蛭石、草炭用于蔬菜工厂化育苗降低蔬菜工厂化育苗成本。  相似文献   

19.
This study assessed the effectiveness of vermicompost as a germination media and nitrogen source for kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. Five treatments were tested, based on the addition of increasing quantities of barren soil to vermicompost, and irrigated with four treatments of increasing urea-water solution. Chemical analysis of the different mixtures of vermicompost and barren soil were made. Percentage germination, plant growth, and foliar nitrogen assimilation were measured. Bean seeds in vermicompost germinated earlier than those planted in barren soil, but germination was less than 60% in trays with 85% and 100% vermicompost. Plants in vermicompost were taller and appeared to be healthier-looking. Plants with 0%, 50% and 85% vermicompost concentrations assimilated about 4 mg·L?1 more nitrogen than other treatments (25% and 100%). Plants in the 85% vermicompost mixture had the best response to nitrogen assimilation.  相似文献   

20.
This study investigated the effects of vermicompost tea (aqueous extract) on yield and chemical quality of pak choi (Brassica rapa cv Bonsai, Chinensis group) grown in three media (two soils and a peat-perlite medium) under two fertilizer regimes (compost and synthetic fertilizer). The impacts of tea application on the chemical and biological properties of the growth media were also investigated. Vermicompost teas were prepared using various extraction methods (non-aerated, aerated, aerated with additives) with 1:10 (v:v) chicken manure-based vermicompost to water dilution and applied weekly at the rate of 200 mL plant?1 for 4 weeks. Application of vermicompost tea increased plant production, total carotenoids and total glucosinolates in plant tissue. This effect was most prominent under compost fertilization. Total phenolic was lower in vermicompost tea treated plants compared to those treated with only mineral nutrient solution and the water control. Vermicompost tea improved mineral nutrient status of plants and media, and enhanced the biological activity of the media. Variability in yield and chemical quality of plants across treatments was explained largely by variability in tissue N uptake and dry matter accumulation. Dehydrogenase activity and soil respiration of vermicompost tea-treated growth media were approximately 50% higher than untreated media. This study confirmed that vermicompost tea can positively influence plant yield and quality and increase soil biological activity in multiple soil types.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号